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2017年考研英语真题及答案完整解析

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2020-11-05 09:00
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2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank
and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.
大1家 homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments
can’t possibly 大2家. To help homeless people 大3家 independence,
the federal government must support job training programs, 大4家 the
minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.
大5家 everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless.
Estimates 大6家 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. 大7家 the figure
may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the
homeless is 大8家. One of the federal government’s studies 大9家 that
the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of
this decade.
Finding ways to 大10家 this growing homeless population has become
increasingly difficult. 大11家 when homeless individuals manage to
find a 大12家 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep
at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 大13家 the
street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted
to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious
mental disorders. Many others, 大14家 not addicted or mentally ill,
simply lack the everyday 大15家 skills needed to turn their lives
大16家.
Boston Globe
reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will
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improve only when there are 大17家 programs that address the many needs
of the homeless. 大18家 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community
service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 大19家 it, “There has
to be 大20家 of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.”
1. [A] Indeed
[B] Likewise
[C] Therefore
[D] Furthermore
2. [A] stand
[B] cope
[C] approve
[D] retain
3. [A] in
[B] for
[C] with
[D] toward
4. [A] raise
[B] add
[C] take
[D] keep
5. [A] generally
[B] almost
[C] hardly
[D] not
6. [A] cover
[B] change
[C] range
[D] differ
7. [A] Now that
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[B] Although
[C] Provided
[D] Except that
8. [A] inflating
[B] expanding
[C] increasing
[D] extending
9. [A] predicts
[B] displays
[C] proves
[D] discovers
10. [A] assist
[B] track
[C] sustain
[D] dismiss
11. [A] Hence
[B] But
[C] Even
[D] Only
12. [A] lodging
[B] shelter
[C] dwelling
[D] house
13. [A] searching
[B] strolling
[C] crowding
[D] wandering
14. [A] when
[B] once
[C] while
[D] whereas
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15. [A] life
[B] existence
[C] survival
[D] maintenance
16. [A] around
[B] over
[C] on
[D] up
17. [A] complex
[B] comprehensive
[C] complementary
[D] compensating
18. [A] So
[B] Since
[C] As
[D] Thus
19. [A] puts
[B] interprets
[C] assumes
[D] makes
20. [A] supervision
[B] manipulation
[C] regulation
[D] coordination
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by
choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40
points)
Text 1
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In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an
amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing
uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of
deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into
“a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department
stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.
Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were
stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This
turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media,
advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may
not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the
National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s
immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to
assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900,
13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for
every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000.
Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership
and intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each
of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’
or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants
tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation,
the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”
Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By
1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home
ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among
native-born Americans.
Foreign- born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of
intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third
generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics,
and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world
are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet
“some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States
remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America?
Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly
when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices
hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means
________.
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[A] identifying
[B] associating
[C] assimilating
[D] monopolizing
22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century
________.
[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture
[B] became intimate shops for common consumers
[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite
[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption
23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.
[A] are resistant to homogenization
[B] exert a great influence on American culture
[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture
[D] constitute the majority of the population
24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in
Paragraph 5?
[A] To prove their popularity around the world.
[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.
[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.
[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.
25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American
society is ________.
[A] rewarding
[B] successful
[C] fruitless
[D] harmful
Text 2
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William
Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly
hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which
presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial
Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off
the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’
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s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny
to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their
long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously
ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was
himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.
The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who
come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on
the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even
surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do
manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the
playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue
because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring
cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in
everything and get out of town by nightfall.
The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not
contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company.
Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town
seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its
own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet
Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth,
and will be very expensive.
Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare
Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for
three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied
all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course,
is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.
It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive
away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele.
They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look
alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces,
wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the
night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80
standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the
box office opens at 10:30 a.m.
26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.
[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue
[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage
[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms
[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism
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27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.
[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately
[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers
[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers
[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater
28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph
4), the author implies that ________.
[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects
[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties
[C] the town is not really short of money
[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid
29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because
________.
[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending
[B] the company is financially ill-managed
[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable
[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise
30. From the text we can conclude that the author ________.
[A] is supportive of both sides
[B] favors the townsfolk’s view
[C] takes a detached attitude
[D] is sympathetic to the RSC
Text 3
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something
strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct.
Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game,
and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be
happening in the oceans.
That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What
researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how
fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from
fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the
actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species
in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over
time. According to their latest paper published in
Nature
, the biomass
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of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new
fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of
exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One
reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels
can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available
50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is
being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely
to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early
days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some
individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks
would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of
fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline
fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked.
That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.
Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline,
which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the
data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the
“shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect
the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have
been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters
because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be
cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about
50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which
is a bad way to do business.
31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that
________.
[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment
[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared
[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today
[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________.
[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced
by 90%
[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago
[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original
amount
[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries
than in the old
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33. By saying
Dr. Worm means that ________.
[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly
[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded
[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss
[D] the data collected so far are out of date
34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.
[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time
[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass
[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level
[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing
situation
35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’
________.
[A] management efficiency
[B] biomass level
[C] catch- size limits
[D] technological application
Text 4
Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest
may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose
to focus on the ones that feel bad.
This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and
music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the
19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless,
phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils
to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.
You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because
modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times
didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The
reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn
happiness in the world today.
After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost
completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of
anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and
with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal
but an ideology.
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People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They
worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In
the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass
medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were
in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this,
they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.
Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not
religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news
anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines
feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And
since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets
-- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!”
commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out
it could increase the risk of heart attacks.
But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting --
is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that
bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and
disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need
art to tell us, as religion once did,
Memento mori
: remember that you
will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying
this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove
cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.
36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author
intends to show that ________.
[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music
[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings
[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness
[D] artists have changed their focus of interest
37. The word “bummer” (Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably means
something ________.
[A] religious
[B] unpleasant
[C] entertaining
[D] commercial
38. In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.
[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art
[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public
[C] replaces the church as a major source of information
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[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself
39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes
________.
[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness
[B] the anti- happy art is distasteful but refreshing
[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied
[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms
40. Which of the following is true of the text?
[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.
[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.
[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.
[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.
Part B
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions
41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each
of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need
to use in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10
points)
On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of
David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling
games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino,
Williams, a state auditor earning $$35,000 a year, lost approximately
$$175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for
$$20 worth of gambling.
He visited the casino, lost the $$20 and left. On his second visit
he lost $$800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a Card
which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and
enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams,
those activities become what he calls
(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $$21,000 to one slot machine in two
days. In March 1997 he lost $$72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines
at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back
aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino,
charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he
was addicted. It did know he had a problem.
In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined
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to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of
Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams
among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions”
letter. Noting the medicalpsychological nature of problem gambling
behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he
would have to present medicalpsychological information demonstrating
that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or
well- being.
(42) ________.
The Wall Street Journal
reports that the casino has 24 signs warning:
“Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every
entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana
Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that
the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,”
intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his
will.” Well.
(43) ________.
The fourth edition of
the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders
says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring
and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks
in quest of a windfall.
(44) ________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science,
society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or
moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
(45) ________.
Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these
states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to
-- revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site
was created in 1995, competition for gamblers’ dollars has become
intense. The Oct. 28 issue of
Newsweek
reported that 2 million gamblers
patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $$3.5 billion being lost
on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web’
s most profitable business.
[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketing
department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the
casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.
[B]It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior.
And in what sense was his will operative?
[C] By the time he had lost $$5,000 he said to himself that if he could
get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $$5,500, but he did
not quit.
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[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for
a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease.
Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter
of gambling in America is the government.
[E] David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’
t bet on it.
[F] It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral
problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner
generations explained as weakness of will.
[G] The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is
especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the
government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would
be its grounds for doing so?
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined
segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on
ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered
of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true.
Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is
the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than
that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is
they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.
First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an
intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected
as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a
Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems
consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual
questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action
which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information
which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge,
who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as
possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as
intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him
because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of
moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any
but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he
encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine
duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture
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evidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think
about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a
businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of
rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take
his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.
The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the
fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many
intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more
than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent
reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This
description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned
in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in
illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.
Section III Writing
Part A
51. Directions
You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to
a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned,
asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of
child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.
Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER
SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming”
instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you
should
1. describe the photos briefly,
2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and
3. give your point of view.
You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20
points)
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有两幅图片,图1 把崇拜写在脸上;图2 花300元做“小贝头”
注:Beckham是英国足球明星
有两张照片,一张照片上有一 位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字,另一张照
片上有一个男子在理发,他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉 姆的发型。
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2006年考研英语真题答案
Section I: Use of English (10 points)
1. [A]
6. [C]
11. [C]
16. [A]
2. [B]
7. [B]
12. [B]
17. [B]
3. [D]
8. [C]
13. [D]
18. [C]
4. [A]
9. [A]
14. [C]
19. [A]
5. [D]
10. [A]
15. [C]
20. [D]
1. 逻辑关系题 本题目选择逻辑关系词,前后两句的逻辑关系决定答案。句子叙述到The
homeless make up a growing percentage of America?s population. ____, homelessness has reached
such proportions that…。“无家可归者在美国人口中占越来越大的比例。…无 家可归者所占的
比例已经达到如此地步,以至于…。”
选项A. indeed一般表示强调;
B. likewise 表示与前者相似;选项
C. therefore因此,强调结果;选项
D. furthermore进一步说,表示递进。
不难发现,根据前一句“make up a growing percentage”与后一句“reach such proportion
that”确定后者是对前者的例证强调。因此,正确答案为A。
2. 词汇辨析题 本题目选择动词在定语从句中充当谓语。句子叙述到homelessness has
reached such proportions that local government can?t possibly _____. “无家可归者所占的比例已
经达到地方政府都无法…的地步。”
选项A. stand 忍受;
B. cope vi. 处理,忍受;
C. approve 赞成,批准;
D. retain 保留。
不难发现,句子中“such proportion that local government can?t …”提供信息确定选择“忍
受,承受”之意。选项A. stand 忍受,作为及物动词在句子中要直 接连接宾语,但是句子
中没有宾语,因此该词不符合句子结构;选项B. cope 处理,忍受,作为不及物动词,在句
子中表达完整的含义;选项C. approve赞成,批准,“批 准”的应该是文件,句子中提到的
是无家可归者的数量问题,不能与“批准”连用;D. retain 保留,显然与“无家可归者的数
量”不能构成合理的主谓关系。因此,正确答案为B。
3.词汇辨析题,本题目选择介词,选择介词与句子中的动词有直接关系。句子叙述到To help
homeless people ____ independence, the federal government must support job training
programs,…. “为帮助无家可归者…独立,联邦政府必须提供就业培训项目…。”
选项A. in 构成help sb. in doing 帮助某人做某事;
B. for 构成help sb. for 为…而帮助某人;
C. with 构成help sb. with sth. 帮助?做事;
D. toward 构成help sb. toward 帮助?向某个方向发展。
不难发现,句子中“help homeless people___ independence” 提供信息确定选择“帮助?
向某个方向发展”之意。因此,正确答案为D。
4. 词汇辨析题 本题目选择动词,所在句子的主语、宾语提供信息决定答案。句子叙述到the
federal government must support job training programs, _____ the minimum wage, and fund more
low-cost housing. “联邦政府必须提供就业培训项目,…最低工资标准,资助更多低收入家庭。”
选项A. raise增加,提高;
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B. add加;
C. take 拿来;
D. keep保留。
不难发现,句子中“___the minimum wage”与前面的短语“support job training program
提供就业培训项目”和后面的短语“fund more low-cost housing 资助更多低收入家庭”是并
列关系,是政府为无家可归者提供的服务。由此提供信息确 定选择“提高”之意。选项A. raise
增加,提高,“提高最低工资标准”,符合句子含义;选项B. add加,该词指数量的增加,
不符合句子含义;选项C. take 拿来,该词不能与“最低工资标准”连用;选项D. keep保
留,“保留最低工资标准”,虽然这个 短语意义完整,但是不能与前后的政府帮助无家可归者
的举动构成并列。因此,正确答案为A。

5. 语意辨析题 本题目选择副词,在句子中限定范围。句子叙述到_____everyone agrees on
the numbers of Americans who are homeless. “…每个人同意美国无家可归者的数量。”
选项A. generally 一般来说;
B. almost 几乎;选项
C. hardly 几乎不?(常用倒装);
D. not 置于句首表示部分否定,译为“并不是?”。
不难发现,由于本题包含反义选 项,而上文又没有提示,因此应先把下一句中的第6、
7两题做出,本题的答案才会迎刃而解。第6题所 在的语境句意为“人们对此的估计数字从
六十万到三百万不等”。而第7题又说“尽管这一数字可能不同 ,分析家们却在另外一件事
情上的确达成了一致意见”。因此,本题答案应选D. Not,本句意思为“关于美国无家可归
者的数量,众说不一”。

6. 词汇辨析题 句子中的主语、宾语以及介词决定所选择的动词。句子叙述到Estimates ____
anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. “估计数字…60万到3百万之间。”
选项A. cover覆盖、包括;
B. change改变、变化;
C. range在某范围中变化;
D. differ不同。
不难发现, 句子中要选择动词与 “from 600,000 to 3 million”构成搭配,句子提供信息
确定选择“在?范围”之意。选项A. cover覆盖、包括,不能与 “from…to…”构成搭配;选
项B. change改变、变化 ,该词所指的变化是无规律的变化,当然就不涉及在范围内变化的
含义;选项C. range在某范围中变化,符合语句含义;选项D. differ不同,一般组成 “differ
from…”短语,译为“与…不同”,不符合句子含义。因此,正确答案为C。
7. 逻辑关系题 本题目选择逻辑关系词,前后两句的逻辑关系决定答案。____ the figure may
vary, analysts do agree on another matter:… “…(人们估计的)数字不同,分析家们对另一个
问题的意见还是完全一致的。”
选项A. Now that既然;
B. Although虽然?但是;
C. Provided 假设;
D. Except 除去。
不难发现,本题所在的语境句中,前文中的may vary与后文中的do agree互为反义,
确定二者为转折让步关系。因此,正确答案为B,句子 译为“虽然(人们估计的)数字不同,
分析家们对另一个问题的意见还是完全一致的”。
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8. 词汇辨析题 本题目选择动词的现在分词形式,句子中的主语提供信息决定答案。
Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the
homeless is______. “虽然(人们估计的)数字不同,分析家们对另一个问题的意见还是完全
一致的: 无家可归者的人数正在…。”
选项A. inflating 膨胀;
B. expanding发展、扩张;
C. increasing增加;
D. extending扩充、扩大。
不难发现,句子中“the number of homeless is___” 提供信息确定选择“增加,膨胀”之
意。选项A. inflating 膨胀,超过既定标准(尤指通货膨胀);选项B. expanding发展、扩张,
体积增大;选项C. increasing增加,指数量增加;选项D. extending扩充、扩大,指形状变
化、拉 伸。因此,正确答案为C。语境句意为“无家可归者的数量一直在增加”。

9. 词汇辨析题 本题目选择动词,句子中的主语、宾语提供信息决定答案。句子叙述到One
of the federal government?s studies ____ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19
million by the end of this decade. “联邦政府的一项研究… 无家可归者的数量在近十年内将会
达到大约1900万。”选择动词,主语和宾语提供信息确定答案。
选项A. predicts预测、预计;
B. displays展示;
C. proves证明;
D. discovers发现。
不难发现,句子中“that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end
of this decade. 无家可归者的数量在近十年内将会达到大约1900万。” “近十年会达到1900
万”表达未来的状况,确定选择“预测”之意。因此,正确答案为A。


10. 词汇辨析题 本题目选择动词,句子中的宾语提供信息决定答案。句子叙述到Finding
ways to ____ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. “想办法?这
些日益增加的无家可归者这一任务变得非常困难.”
选项A. assist帮助;
B. track追踪;
C. sustain承受、支持、供养;
D. dismiss解散。
不难发现, 本文前两段提出无家可归者的问题并略加分析,本 段开始解决方法的探讨。
句子提供信息确定选择“帮助”之意。选项A. assist帮助,“想办法 帮助这些日益增加的无
家可归者这一任务变得非常困难”,符合句子含义,符合文章中心;选项B. t rack追踪,,“想
办法追踪这些日益增加的无家可归者这一任务变得非常困难”,不符合句子含义; 选项C.
sustain承受、支持、供养,“想办法支持这些日益增加的无家可归者这一任务变得非 常困难”,
符合句子含义,但是与上文的内容“政府提供相关计划帮助无家可归者”却没有联系;选项< br>D. dismiss解散,,“想办法帮助这些日益增加的无家可归者这一任务变得非常困难”,符合句
子含义,但是与上文的内容“政府提供相关计划帮助无家可归者”却没有联系。因此,正确
答案 为A。
11. 逻辑关系题 本题目选择逻辑关系词,体现前后两句的逻辑关系。句子叙述到___when
homeless people individuals manage to find a ___that will give them three meals a day and a place
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to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day ___ the street. “…当无家可归者
找到…能提供一日三餐,晚上能睡觉,还是有很多人每天大部分时间…街头。”
选项A. Hence 因此;
B. But 但是;
C. Even即使;
D. Only 仅仅。
不难发现,前、后句子之间体现出让步关系。选项A. Hence 因此,表示因果关系,与
本句逻辑关系不符;选项B. But 但是,表示转折关系,与本句逻辑关系不符;选项C. Even
即使,表示让步关系,与本句逻辑关系 相符,句子译为“当无家可归者找到地方能提供一日
三餐,晚上能睡觉,还是有很多人每天大部分时间流 浪街头”;选项D. Only 仅仅,表示递
进关系,与本句逻辑关系不符。因此,正确答案为C。
12. 词汇语法结构辨析题 本题目选择名词,同时这个名词由定语从句来修饰。句子叙述到
even when homeless people individuals manage to find a ___that will give them three meals a day
and a place to sleep at night, “即使无家可归者最终能够找到一个…,可以给他们提供一日三
餐和夜里睡觉的地方”。
选项A. lodging寄宿处;
B. shelter庇护所、避难所;
C. dwelling住处;
D. house房屋。
不难发现,定语从句“that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night 能
够提供一日三餐和晚上睡觉的场所”确定选择“庇护所或避难所”之意。选项A. lodging寄
宿处,因为无家可归者人数众多,找到寄宿的地方不合常理;选项B. shelter庇护所、避难
所,符合句子含义;C. dwelling住处,指正常的居住场所,显然与无家可归者的景况不符;
D. house房屋,显然无家可归者找到正规的居家之房屋不符合常理。因此,正确答案为B。
13. 词汇辨析题 本题目选择动词的现在分词,在句子中充当宾语补足语。句子叙述到a good
number still spend the bulk of each day__ _ the street. “很多人仍然每天大部分时间?街
头。”
选项A. searching搜寻;
B. strolling漫步、闲逛;
C. crowing拥挤;
D. wandering游荡、徘徊、流浪。
不难发现,无家可归者是流浪街头的。选项A. searching 搜寻,不符合句子含义;选
项B. strolling 漫步、闲逛,指悠闲自在的走,显然不符合句子含义;选项C. crowing 拥挤,
该词是不及物动词,不能直接连用名词;选项D. wandering 流浪,符合句子含义。因此,
正确答案为D。
14. C 逻辑关系题 本题目选择连词,体现句子之间的逻辑关系。句子叙述到Many others,___
not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday ___skills needed to turn their lives ___.
“其他许 多人,…既不吸毒,也没有精神障碍,他们却缺乏使自己生活变…的日常…技巧”
选项A. when 当…时候;
B. once一旦;
C. while表示转折关系,意为“尽管”;
D. whereas表示对比关系。
不难发现,句子中“即不吸毒也不饮酒”与“缺乏日常 技巧”构成转折关系。因此,
正确答案为C。
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15. 词汇辨析题 本题目选择名词,句子中的宾语名词决定所选择的定语(名词)。句子叙述
到simply lack the everyday ___skills needed to turn their lives ___. “就是缺乏让自己生活变?
的?技巧”。
选项A. life生活、生命;
B. existence存在;
C. survival生存、存活;
D. maintenance维护、坚持、生活费用。
不难发现,“everyday日常的”提供信息确 定是一种生活、生存技巧。尤其是过去分词
短语“needed to turn their lives ___.”确定选择“生存”之意。选项A. life skills 生活技巧,指
生活中的一些常识或者窍门等,与句子含义不符;选项B. existence skill存在技巧,没有该
短语搭配;选项C. survival skill 生存技巧,符合句子含义;选项D. maintenance skills 维护
技巧,与句子含义不符。因此,正确答案为C。
16. 固定搭配题 本题目选择与turn构成的短语。句子叙述到to turn their lives ___. “使生
活变?.” 不难发现,这里表达“出现转机”之意。选项A. around ,turn around(使)逆转、
(使)出现转机;选项B. over ,turn over仔细考虑、移交;选项C. on ,turn on打开开关;选
项D. up ,turn up调大、开大、出现。因此,正确答案为A。

17. 词汇辨析题 本题目选择形容词,在句子中充当定语,被修饰的名词决定所选择的定语。
Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only there are
___programs that address the many needs of the homeless. “波斯顿环球日报记者 克里斯雷迪
认为只有通过?规划才能解决这些无家可归者的各种需求,这种局面才有可能得到改善。”
选项A. complex复杂的;
B. comprehensive综合的、全面的;
C. complementary补充的、互补的;
D. compensating补偿的。
不难发现,句子中空格后面定语从句中的many一词;由于要满 足无家可归者的许多
要求(many needs of the homeless),所以这份计划应该是考虑周全、无所不包的。选项A.
complex复杂的, “复杂的计划”与“解决这些无家可归者的各种需求”没有直接联系;选
项B. comprehens ive综合的、全面的,“全面的计划”与“解决这些无家可归者的各种需求”
直接关联,符合句子含义 ;选项C. complementary补充的、互补的,,“互补的的计划”,句
子中只提到一种计 划,何谈“互补”;选项D. compensating补偿的,,“补偿的计划”与“解
决这些无家 可归者的各种需求”没有直接联系。因此,正确答案为B。

18. 逻辑关系题 本题目选择逻辑关系词,前后两句的逻辑关系决定答案。句子叙述到
_____Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,
____it, “There has to be _____of programs. What we need is a package deal. 像马塞诸塞州本特
里学院社区服务部主任Edward Zlotkowski所…的:“各种项目必须…运行,我们需要的是一
揽子计划”。
选项A. So 因此(因果关系,强调结果);
B. Since既然(因果关系);
C. As 正如(引导非限制性定语从句,与前文表示层进关系);
D. Thus 因而(因果关系)。
不难发现,前面句子叙述到Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will
improve only there are comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless.
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“波斯顿环球日报记者克里斯雷迪 认为只有通过全面的规划才能解决这些无家可归者的各
种需求,这种局面才有可能得到改善。”本句叙述 到“像马塞诸塞州本特里学院社区服务部
主任Edward Zlotkowski所说的…我们需要的 是一揽子计划”。显然二者为层进关系,强调递
进。因此,正确答案为C。
19. 词汇辨析题 本题目选择动词,在句子中充当谓语动词。句子中的主语和宾语决定所选
择的动词。句子叙 述到Edward Blotkowsk___ it,“There has to be ___of programs. What we need
is a package deal.” 提供信息确定选择“表达,说明”之意。选项A. puts口语中和正式场合
宣讲是表示“说”;选项B. interprets口译,解释;选项C. assumes认为;选项D. makes 制
造。因此,正确答案为A。
20. 词汇辨析题 本题目选择名词,句子中的所有格关系决定所选名词。句子叙述到There
has to be ___of programs. What we need is a package deal. “各种项目必须…运行,我们需要
的是一揽子计划。”
选项A. supervision 监督、管理;
B. manipulation 操作、处理;
C. regulation 管理、调整;
D. coordination协调。
不难发现,句子中“一揽子计划”提供的信息确定选择“协调”之意。选项A. supervision
监督、管理,与句子含义不符;选项B. manipulation操作、处理,与句子含义不符;选项
C. regulation管理、调整,与句子含义不符;选项D. coordination协调。综合前文中的
comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless(应对无家可归者多方面
需求的综合性计划)和后文中的a package deal(一揽子交易),不难选出与此意接近的
coordination。因此,正确答案为D。
全文翻译无家可归者在美国所占的比例越来越大。而且,无家可归者所占的比例已经大到
地方政 府都无法应对的地步。为了帮助无家可归者走向独立,联邦政府必须支持就业培训项
目,提高最低工资标 准和资助修建更多的廉价住房。
对于美国到底有多少无家可归者,大家的意见并不一致,估计是 在60万到3000万之间。
尽管人们估计的数字可能各不相同,分析家们对另外一个问题的意见却是一 致的:无家可归
者的人数正在增长。联邦政府的一项研究预测,在目前这个十年结束之前,无家可归者的 数
量将接近1900万。
想办法帮助这些越来越多的无家可归者的任务变得越来越艰巨 。即使无家可归者找到了
避难所,能提供一日三餐,晚上能睡觉,还是会有很多人每天大部分时间流落街 头。部分问
题在于许多无家可归的成年人都是酒鬼或者是瘾君子,而且相当多的无家可归者都有严重的< br>精神病。还有许多人虽然不酗酒吸毒,精神也正常,但就是缺乏让自己生活好转的基本能力。
《波 士顿环球日报》记者克里斯雷迪认为只有通过全面规划来解决这些无家可归者的各种需
求,此局面才有可 能得到改善。用马萨诸塞州本特里学院社区服务部主任艾德华泽洛特科瓦
斯基的话来说就是:“各种规划 必须协调运作,我们需要的是一揽子计划”。
Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)
Part A (40 points)
21. [C]
26. [A]
31. [C]
36. [D]
22. [A]
27. [B]
32. [A]
37. [B]
23. [C]
28. [C]
33. [C]
38. [D]
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24. [D]
29. [D]
34. [D]
39. [B]
25. [B]
30. [D]
35. [B]
40. [A]


好学好职网校:
Text 1
文章解析:根据中心统一原则确定,
文章首段主题句是In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing
machine for homogenizing people. 尽管人们对社会差异性有没完没了的争议,美国仍然是一
步神奇的同化国民的机器。
第二段确定段落内容方向的语句是Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture,
which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. 移民很快适应了这一共同文化,
虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上,但也不会毒害人们。
第三段确定段落内容方向的语句是The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants
from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well”
after ten years of residence.” 1990年的人口普查表明“绝大多数移民在美国居住10年后英语
说 得好或很好,他们来自15个最常移民的国家。”
第四段确定段落内容方向的语句是Foreign- born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of
intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks.” 在外国出生的亚洲人和西班牙人比土生土
长的美国白人和黑人的通婚比例高。
第五段确定段落内容方向的语句是Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around
world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks. Rodriguez注意到,世
界各地住在偏远村庄的孩子是诸如阿诺德施瓦辛格和加 思布鲁克斯这类超级巨星的影迷。
第六段确定段落内容方向的语句是Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in
America? 美国存在分裂问题和骚动吗?
不难发现,这篇文章围绕着美国的移民问题来展开。
题目解析:
21.识词题The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____.
选项A. identifying识别、认为……等同于、确定;
B. associating 使联合、使发生联系;
C. assimilating 使同化、吸收;
D. monopolizing 独占、垄断。
该题将识别的短语“homogenizing”在文章中定位到第一段首句In spite of “endless talk
of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. 作为识词
题,按照“方位论原则”:在识别词汇后面找表 示“解释说明,逻辑关系”的表达,或者向
前面找平行结构。在词汇前面出现。“In spite of “endless talk of difference,””,表达的是in
spite of引起的转折关系。因此,homogenizing应与前文中的difference构成反义,只有C.
assimilating “同化”符合题意。因此答案为C。

22.细节题According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century_____.
选项A. played a role in the spread of popular culture.
在大众文化传播方面发挥作用。
B. became intimate shops for common consumers.
成为普通消费者的私人商店。
C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.
满足有知识的精英们的需求。
D. owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.
商店的出现是消费文化出现的结果。
该题利用定位词“the department stores of the 19th century”定位到文章第一段People
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are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th- century department stores that
offered ?vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. “人们融入了19 世纪百货商店倡导的
“消费文化”,这些百货商店有幽雅的环境,提供各式各样的商品”。可见,the culture of
consumption是由这些百货商店发起的。选项A. played a role in the spread of popular culture.
在大众文化传 播方面发挥作用,与相关信息句动作“融入了19世纪百货商店倡导的消费文
化”直接关联;选项B. became intimate shops for common consumers.成为普通消费者 的私人
商店,与相关信息句动作“融入了19世纪百货商店倡导的消费文化,这些百货商店有幽雅
的环境,提供各式各样的商品”没有任何关联;选项C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable
elite.满足有知识的精英们的需求,与相关信息句动作“融入 了19世纪百货商店倡导的消费
文化,这些百货商店有幽雅的环境,提供各式各样的商品”没有任何关联 ;选项D. owed its
emergence to the culture of con sumption.商店的出现是消费文化出现的结果,与相关信息句动
作“融入了19世纪百货商店倡 导的消费文化,这些百货商店有幽雅的环境,提供各式各样
的商品”没有任何关联。因此,正确答案为A . played a role in the spread of popular culture
在大众文化传播方面发挥作用。

23.细节题The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. _____.
选项A. are resistant to homogenization. 拒绝均质化。
B. exert a great influence on American culture.对美国文化施加重大影响。
C. are hardly a threat to the common culture. 对公共文化几乎没有威胁。
D. constitute the majority of the population. 占美国绝大多数人口。
该题利用定位词“immigrants”定位到文章第二段Immigrants are quickly fitting into this
common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.“移民很快适应
了这一共同文化,虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上 ,但也不会毒害人们。” 选项A. are
resistant to homogenization. 拒绝均质化,与相关信息句动作“很快适应了这一共同文化,虽
然这 种文化可能不会引人向上,但也不会毒害人们”没有任何关联;选项B. exert a great
influence on American culture.对美国文化施加重大影响,与相关信 息句动作“很快适应了这
一共同文化,虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上,但也不会毒害人们”没有任何关 联;选项
C. are hardly a threat to the common culture. 对公共文化几乎没有威胁,与相关信息句动作“很
快适应了这一共同文化,虽然这种 文化可能不会引人向上,但也不会毒害人们”直接关联,
动作“对公共文化几乎威胁”对应于“不会毒害 人们”,体现“同意替换”的关系;选项
D. constitute the majority of the population. 占美国绝大多数人口,与相关信息句动作“很快适
应了这一共同文化,虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上,但也不会毒害人们”没有任何关联。

因此,正确答案为C. are hardly a threat to the common culture对公共文化几乎没有威胁。


24.结构题Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
选项A. To prove their popularity around the world.
证明他们在世界的受欢迎程度。
B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.
表明人们对移民的恐惧。
C. To give examples of successful immigrants.
给成功移民举例子。
D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.
表明美国文化的巨大影响力。
该题将例子“Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks”定位到文章第五段Rodriguez
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notes that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold
Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the
United States remain somehow immune to the nation?s assimilative power.”根据结构题方位论原
则,找例子对应的论点句。因此,例子后面相邻的句子yet “some Americans fear that
immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation?s assimilative
power.”“但是一些美国人担心住在美 国的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该国同化作用的影
响。”是论点。选项A. To prove their popularity around the world. 证明他们在世界的受欢迎程
度,与相关信息句动作“担心住在美国的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该国同化作用的影响”
没有任何 关联;选项 B. To reveal the public?s fear of immigr ants.表明人们对移民的恐惧,
与相关信息句动作“担心住在美国的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该 国同化作用的影响”没
有任何关联;选项C. To give examples of successful immigrants.给成功移民举例子,与相关信
息句动作“担心住在美国 的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该国同化作用的影响”没有任何关
联;选项D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.表明美国文化的 巨大影响力,
与相关信息句动作“担心住在美国的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该国同化作用的影响”直
接关联,动作“担心为何没有受到该国同化作用的影响”对应于“表明美国文化的巨大影响”,
体现 “同意替换”的关系。因此,正确答案为D. To show the powerful influence of American
culture表明美国文化的巨大影响力。

25.主旨题 In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society
is_____.
选项A. rewarding 有益的 B. successful 成功的
C. fruitless 未果的 D. harmful 有害的
该题作为主旨题反映作者观点态度的题目,根据“方位论原则”:作者 的观点体现在文
章尾段的主题句或倒数第二段体现“I”的句子中。题目定位到文章尾段主题句But particularly
when viewed against America?s turbulent past, today?s social indices hardly suggest a dark and
deteriorating social enviro nment.“但是,当审视美国过去的骚动时,当今的美国社会各项指
标不能表明社会环境变得腐败黑 暗”,体现作者的态度是美国社会当前的现状还好。因此,
正确答案为B. successful 成功的。
全文翻译尽管人们对于美国社会的差异性有没完没了的争议,美国还是一部神奇的同化国民的机器。美国社会呈现出“服饰和话语趋于平民化、一致化,自在随意和尊重缺失”通俗
文化的特 点。人们融入了19世纪百货商店倡导的“消费文化”。与那些迎合知识精英的优雅
舒适的商店不同,这 些百货商店有优雅的环境,提供各式各样的商品,不论阶层和背景如何,
任何人都可以进入。从而使得购 物成为一种公众的、民主的行为。而均质化的其他推动力还
包括大众传媒、广告和体育。
移民很快适应了这一共同文化,虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上,但也不会毒害人们。
Gregory Rodriguez为《国家移民论坛》撰写文章,他在报道中指出,如今移民既没有创新
高,也不拒绝 被同化,1998年移民占美国人口总数的9.8%,而1990年移民人口所占比例是
13.6%。现 在要考虑一下同化的三个指数:语言,住房所有权和通婚。
1990年的人口普查表明“绝大 多数移民在美国居住10年后英语说得得好或很好,他们
来自15个最常移民的国家。”而这些移民的孩 子往往会说双语,精通英语。“到了第三代,
大多数移民家庭都不会说他们的本国语了。”因而美国被描 述为语言的墓地。到1996年,那
些在外国出生,于1970年前移民美国的人拥有的房屋的比例达到 75.6%,高于土生土长的
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美国人的房屋拥有比例,后者为69.8%。
在外国出生的亚洲人和西班牙人比土生 土长的美国白人和黑人通婚比例高。到了第三
代,三分之一的西班牙裔女性嫁给非西班牙裔男士,而41 %的亚裔美国女性嫁给非亚裔人士。
Rogriguez注意到,世界各地住在偏远村庄中的 孩子是诸如阿诺德〃斯瓦辛格和加思〃布
鲁克斯这类超级巨星的影迷。但是一些美国人担心住在美国的一 些移民却不知为何没有受到
该过同化作用的影响。
美国存在分裂问题和骚动吗?没错 。国家大了,就会什么东西都会有点儿。但是,当审
视美国骚动的过去时,今天的各项社会指标还不能表 明社会环境变得腐败黑暗。

Text 2文章解析:根据中心统一原则确定,
文章首段主题句是Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry-William
Shakespeare-but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. 正如我们所
知的那样,Stratford-on- Avon只有一个产业,就是威廉莎士比亚。但是在那儿有两个完全独
立,敌意渐浓的分支机构。
第二段确定段落内容方向的语句是The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds
a penny to their revenue. Stratford-on- Avon可敬的居民怀疑剧院是否给他们带来任何税收

第三段确定段落内容方向的语句是However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing
along with their playgoing. 但是,常看戏的人在看戏同时的确会观光一些地方。
第四段确定段落内容方向的语句是The townsfolk don?t see it this way and local council does
not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. 但该镇居民却不认可
这种观点,地方议政厅并不直接给皇家莎士比亚公司拨款。
第五段确定段落内容方向的语句是Anyway, the townsfolk can?t understand why the Royal
Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. 无论怎样,该镇居民不能理解皇家莎士比亚公司为什
么需要拨款。
第六段确定段落内容方向的语句是It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it
would drive away the young people who are Stratford?s most attractive clientele. 将票价大幅度
提高很可惜,因为这会将那些对Stratford最值得拥有的年轻客户赶跑。
不难发现,这篇文章围绕着埃文河盘的斯特拉特福镇的唯一产业--- 威廉.莎士比亚:皇家莎
士比亚公司和该镇居民之间的问题来展开。
题目解析:
26.推断题 From the first two paragraphs, we learn that_____.
选项A. the townsfolk deny the RSC ’ s contribution to the town’s revenue.
居民们否定皇家莎士比亚公司对该镇的税收做出贡献。
B. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage.
皇家莎士比亚公司的演员们台上台下都模仿莎士比亚。
C. the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms.
皇家莎士比亚公司的两个分支机构相处不够融洽。
D. the townsfolk earn little from tourism.
居民在旅游业中收益很少。
该题目作为推断题,要明确找到指定的前两个段落的主题句。根据“主题句--- 细节句
原则”,第一段段落中间句没有转折词,段落首句Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only
one industry-William Shakespeare-but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile
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branches.“正如我们所知的那样,Stratford-on- Avon只有一个产业,就是威廉莎士比亚。但
是在那儿有两个完全独立,敌意渐浓的分支机构。” 和第二段段首句The worthy residents of
Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue.“Stratford-on- Avon可敬的居民怀
疑剧院是否给他们带来任何税收。” 选项A. the townsfolk deny the RSC ? s contribution to the
town?s re venue.居民们否定皇家莎士比亚公司对该镇的税收做出贡献,与相关信息句动作“只
有一个产业, 就是威廉莎士比亚;但是在那儿有两个完全独立,敌意渐浓的分支机构;居民
怀疑剧院是否给他们带来任 何税收”直接关联,动作“否定皇家莎士比亚公司对该镇的税收
做出贡献”对应于“怀疑剧院是否给他们 带来任何税收”,体现同意替换关系;选项B. the
actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage.皇家莎士比亚公司的演员们台 上台下都
模仿莎士比亚,与相关信息句动作“只有一个产业,就是威廉莎士比亚;但是在那儿有两个完全独立,敌意渐浓的分支机构;居民怀疑剧院是否给他们带来任何税收”没有任何关联;
选项C. the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms. 皇家莎士比亚公司的两个分支机构
相处不够融洽,与相关信息句动作“Stratford-on-Av on只有一个产业,就是威廉莎士比亚;
但是在那儿有两个完全独立,敌意渐浓的分支机构;居民怀疑剧 院是否给他们带来任何税收”
似乎有关联,但是选项中的“the two branches of the RSC皇家莎士比亚公司的两个分支机构”
与相关信息句中的“Stratford-on- Avon有两个完全独立,敌意渐浓的分支机构”相悖,这
种命题陷阱称为“瞒天过海”;选项D. the townsfolk earn little from tourism.居民在旅游业中
收益很少,与相关信息句动作“只有一个产业,就是威廉莎士比亚;但是在那儿有两个完全
独立,敌意渐 浓的分支机构;居民怀疑剧院是否给他们带来任何税收”没有任何关联。综上
所述,可以确定答案为A. the townsfolk deny the RSC ’ s contribution to the town’s revenue.
居民们否定皇家莎士比亚公司对该镇的税收做出贡献。

27. 推断题It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_____.
选项A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately.
观光者不能单独参观Castle和the Palace。
B. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers.
看戏的人比观光客花钱要多。
C. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers.
观光者比看戏的人购物多。
D. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater.
看戏的人除了去剧院之外不会去任何其他地方。
该题目作为推断题,要明确找到指定的第三段的主题句。根据“主题句--- 细节句原则”,
第三段The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus-and often
take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side-don?t usually see the plays, and some of
them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little
sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in
much of the town?s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights)
pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of
town by nightfall. 从段中的主题句The playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with
their playgoing 可以看出,D. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater.
看 戏的人除了去剧院之外不会去任何其他地方,不符合题意。[A]和[C]两项内容并未在本段
提及。本 段倒数第二句It is the playgoers, ?pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants明
确地揭示了正确答案为B. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers. 看戏的人比
观光客花钱要多。
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28. 识词题By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 4), the
author implies that_____.
选项A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects.
Stratford承担不起扩建计划。
B. Stratford has long been in financial difficulties.
Stratford长期以来一直陷入财务困难。
C. the town is not really short of money.
该镇并不是真的资金短缺。
D. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid.
该镇居民过去收入很低。
该题将识别的短语“Stratford cries poor traditionally”在文章中定位到第四段The
townsfolk don?t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the
Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town
seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which
you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo
Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive. 作为识词题,按照“方位论原则”:
在识别词汇后面找表示“解释说 明,逻辑关系”的表达,或者向前面找平行结构。在词汇后
面出现“Nevertheless”,表达 的是转折关系,因此相关信息句为Nevertheless every hotel in
town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there,
which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the
Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.但是该镇的每一家宾馆似乎
都在加添一个侧厅或鸡尾酒大厅。希 尔顿正在那儿建自己的饭店,可想而知那里会有一个
哈姆雷特汉堡酒吧,班柯宴会厅等等,价格将十分昂 贵。从中不难看出,Stratford并非真的
陷入财政困难。选项A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects. Stratford承担不 起扩建
计划,与相关信息句动作“加添一个侧厅或鸡尾酒大厅。希尔顿正在那儿建自己的饭店,会
有一个哈姆雷特汉堡酒吧,班柯宴会厅等等,价格将十分昂贵”完全相悖;选项B. Stratford
has long been in financial difficulties. Strat ford长期以来一直陷入财务困难,与相关信息句动
作“加添一个侧厅或鸡尾酒大厅。希尔顿正在那儿 建自己的饭店,会有一个哈姆雷特汉堡酒
吧,班柯宴会厅等等,价格将十分昂贵”完全相悖;选项C. the town is not really short of money.
该镇并不是真的资 金短缺,与相关信息句动作“加添一个侧厅或鸡尾酒大厅。希尔顿正在那
儿建自己的饭店,会有一个哈姆 雷特汉堡酒吧,班柯宴会厅等等,价格将十分昂贵”直接关
联,体现“同意替换”的关系;选项D. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid.该镇居民过去收
入很 低,与相关信息句动作“加添一个侧厅或鸡尾酒大厅。希尔顿正在那儿建自己的饭店,
会有一个哈姆雷特 汉堡酒吧,班柯宴会厅等等,价格将十分昂贵”没有任何关联。因此,正
确答案为C。

29.细节题According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because_____.
选项A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending.
可以提高票价来弥补支出。
B. the company is financially ill-managed.
公司财政管理混乱。
C. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable.
演员的行为不被社会所接受。
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D. the theatre attendance is on the rise.
看戏的人数量在增加。
该题利用定位词“RSC”和“subsidy”定位到文章第五段Anyway, the townsfolk can?t
understand why the RSC needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three
years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year
they?ll do better.) “无论怎样,该 镇居民不能理解皇家莎士比亚公司为什么需要拨款。(该剧
院已经连续三年打破上座记录。去年,该剧院 1431个座位的全年上座率为94%,今年将更
高。)” 选项A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending. 可以提高票价来弥补支出,与
相关信息句动作“不能理解皇家莎士比亚公司为什么需要拨款(该剧院已经连续三年打破上
座记 录)”没有任何关联;选项B. the company is financially ill- managed. 公司财政管理混乱,
与相关信息句动作“不能理解皇家莎士比亚公司为什么需要拨款 (该剧院已经连续三年打破
上座记录)”没有任何关联;选项C. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable.演员的
行为不被社 会所接受,与相关信息句动作“不能理解皇家莎士比亚公司为什么需要拨款(该
剧院已经连续三年打破上 座记录)”没有任何关联;选项D. the theatre attendance is on the rise.
看戏的人数量在增加,与相关信息句动作“不能理解皇家莎士比亚公司为什么需要拨款(该
剧院已经连续三年打破上座记录)”直接关联,体现“同意替换”的关系。

因此,正确答案
为D. the theatre attendance is on the rise. 看戏的人数量在增加。

30.推断题From the text we can conclude that the author_____.
选项A. is supportive of both sides. 支持双方。
B. favors the townsfolk’s view. 支持居民的观点。
C. takes a detached attitude. 漠不关心。
D. is sympathetic to the RSC. 对RSC感到同情。
该题目作为推断题,要明确找到指定的第六段的主题句。根据“主题句---细节句原则”,
第六段 It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young
people who are Stratford?s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the
sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)-lean, pointed, dedicated
faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the
flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers
and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m. 段落中间没有转折词,因此段落的主
题句为段首句It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the
young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. “将票价大幅度提高很可 惜,因
为这会将那些对Stratford最值得拥有的年轻客户赶跑。”shame一词体现了作者的 感情色
彩。因此,正确答案为D. is sympathetic to the RSC. 对RSC感到同情。
全文翻译正如我们所知的那样,埃文河畔的斯特拉特福只有一个产业,那就是威廉 〃莎士
比亚,但是那儿有两个完全独立的、敌意渐浓的分支机构。一个是皇家莎士比亚公司,它在
该镇莎士比亚纪念剧院上演莎翁最好的戏剧作品。另一个是该镇居民,他们在很大程度上靠
从来这儿的 游客那儿赚钱为生,这些游客来这儿不是为了看戏剧,而是为了看ANNE Hathaway
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的小屋,莎翁的出生地和其他景点。
斯特拉特福镇可敬的居民怀疑剧院是否给他们带来任何税收。他们坦然承认自己不喜欢
RSC公司的演员,那些人留着长发,蓄着胡须,穿着便鞋,吵吵闹闹。想一想他们赖以为生
的莎士比亚 本人也是位演员(留着胡须),也制造噪音,就具有绝妙的讽刺意味。
游客并未完全分流。乘公交车而来的观光者通常会参观离这儿不远的沃里克城堡
(Warwick Castle)和布伦海姆宫(Blenheim Palace)。他们通常不会去看戏,一些人在斯
特拉特福看到剧院甚至会感到惊异。但是,常看戏的人在看戏同时的确会观光一些地方。皇
家莎士比亚公 司辩称,正是那些看戏的人为城镇带来大部分税收,这是因为他们在该镇过夜
(有些人会呆四五个晚上) ,在宾馆和餐厅消费。观光客在夜幕降临之前就能看完所有景点,
离开城镇。
但该镇 居民却不认可这种观点,地方议政厅并不直接给皇家莎士比亚公司拨款。斯特拉
特福一直在哭穷,但是该 镇的每家宾馆似乎都在加添一个侧厅或鸡尾酒大厅。希尔顿正在那
儿建自己的饭店,可想而知那里会有一 个哈姆雷特汉堡酒吧、里尔休息厅、班柯宴会厅等等,
价格将十分昂贵。
不管怎样, 该镇居民不能理解皇家莎士比亚公司为什么需要拨款。(该剧院已经连续三
年打破了上座率记录。去年该 剧院1431个座位的全年上座率达到94%,今年将更高。)当然,
原因是成本增加,而票价却很低。
将票价大幅提高很可惜,因为这会将那些对斯特拉特福最值得拥有的年轻客户赶跑。他
们来这儿纯粹是为了看戏,而不是观光。他们看起来很相似(尽管他们来自世界各地),脸
都瘦瘦的,尖 尖的,一脸热诚,穿着仔裤和便鞋,吃圆面包,晚上睡在剧院外面的石板上,
在上午10点半售票口开放 时买20张座位票和80张专对这些人出售的站席票。

Text 3
文章解析:根据中心统一原则确定,
文章首段主题句是Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. 现在,类似现象
(大型的生长缓慢的动物比较容易猎取,由于被捕猎而迅速灭绝)可能正在海洋中发生。
第二段确定段落内容方向的语句是That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.
人类发现鱼类过度捕捞已经有些年了。
第三段确定段落内容方向的语句是Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative.
Worm博士声称这些数字比较保守。
第四段确定段落内容方向的语句是Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct
baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. Myers博士和Worm博士指
出,他们的工作确定了一个 正确的基准,未来的海洋管理必须将其考虑在内。
不难发现,这篇文章围绕着海洋大型生物灭绝的问题来展开。
题目解析:
31. 结构题The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that_____.
选项A. large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment.
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大型海洋动物面对环境变化很脆弱。
B. small species survived as large animals disappeared.
由于大型动物消失所以小型动物存活下来。
C. large sea animals may face the same threat today.
大型海洋动物可能面对相同的威胁。
D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
生长慢的鱼类生存时间比生长快的长。
该题将例子“The extinction of large prehistoric animal”定位到文章第一段When
prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large
animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing
animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be
happening in the oceans.” 例子从 段落首句开始到倒数第二句结束。根据结构题方位论原则,
找例子对应的论点句。因此,例子后面相邻的 句子Now something similar could be happening
in the oceans. “现在类似现象(大型动物灭绝)可能正在海洋中发生。”是论点。选项A. large
animals were vulnerable to the changing environment.大型海洋动物面对环境变化很脆弱,与相
关信息句动作“现在类似现象(大型 动物灭绝)可能正在海洋中发生”没有任何关联;选项
B. small species survived as large animals disappeared.由于大型动物消失所以小型 动物存活下
来,与相关信息句动作“现在类似现象(大型动物灭绝)可能正在海洋中发生”没有任何关< br>联;选项C. large sea animals may face the same threat today.大型海洋动物可能面对相同的威
胁,与相关信息句动作“现在类似现象(大 型动物灭绝)可能正在海洋中发生”直接关联,
动作“大型海洋动物面对相同的威胁”对应于“类似现象 可能正在海洋中发生”,体现“同
意替换”的关系;选项D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones.生长慢的鱼类生存时间
比生长快的长,与相关 信息句动作““现在类似现象(大型动物灭绝)可能正在海洋中发生”
没有任何关联。因此,正确答案为 C. large sea animals may face the same threat today. 大型
海洋动物可能面对相同的威胁。

32. 细节题We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that_____.
选项A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%.
有些老渔场大型动物的存活量已经减少了90%。
B. there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago.
现在渔场的数量是15年前的一半
C. the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount.
新渔场中的捕鱼量只占雨总量的20%。
D. the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.
新的渔场中大型食肉类的数量比旧渔场下降的快。
该题利用定位词“Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper”粗略定位到文章第二段What
researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are
changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their
methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of
fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time.利用
“paper”准确定位到段落的句子According to their latest paper published in Nature, the
biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on
average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has
halved again since then.“根据他们最近发表在《自然》中的论文,一个新的渔场中大型食肉
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鱼类的数量在开始开发海洋资源的15年间平均下降了8 0%,在一些旧的渔场,这15年来,
大型食肉鱼类的数量在此基础上又减少了一半。”因此,正确答案 为A. the stock of large
predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%. 有些老渔场大型动物的存活量已经减
少了90%。

33.识词题By saying “these figures are conservative” (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr Worm
means that_____.
选项A. fishing technology has improved rapidly.
捕鱼技术发展很迅速。
B. the catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded.
实际上捕鱼量比记录的要少。
C. the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss.
海洋生物群遭受了严重的损失。
D. the data collected so far are out of date.
目前收集的数据过时了。
该题将识别的短语“these figures are conservative”在文章中定位到第三段Dr Worm
acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has
improved. Today's vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available
50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real
difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in
catch sizes. 作为识词题,按照“方位论原则”:在识别词汇后面找表示“解释说明,逻 辑关
系”的表达,或者向前面找平行结构。在词汇后面出现“That means”,表示解释说明关系
相关信息句为That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the
real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by
changes in catch sizes. “这意味着更多的海洋生物被捕获,因此现 在和过去的渔业情况的
真实差距可能比记录下来的捕获量的变化还要大。” 选项A. fishing technology has improved
rapidly. 捕鱼技术发展很迅速,与相关 信息句动作“意味着更多的海洋生物被捕获,因此现
在和过去的渔业情况的真实差距可能比记录下来的捕 获量的变化还要大”没有任何关联;选
项B. the catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded. 实际上捕鱼量比记录的要少,与相关信< br>息句动作“意味着更多的海洋生物被捕获,因此现在和过去的渔业情况的真实差距可能比记
录下来 的捕获量的变化还要大”恰恰相反;选项C. the marine biomass has suffered a greater
loss.海洋生物群遭受了严重的损失,与相关信息句动作 “意味着更多的海洋生物被捕获,因
此现在和过去的渔业情况的真实差距可能比记录下来的捕获量的变化 还要大”没有任何关
联;选项D. the data collected so far are out of date.目前收集的数据过时了,与相关信息句动
作“意味着更多的海洋生物被捕获, 因此现在和过去的渔业情况的真实差距可能比记录下来
的捕获量的变化还要大”直接关联,动作“目前收 集的数据过时了”对应于“现在和过去的
渔业情况的真实差距可能比记录下来的捕获量的变化还要大”。 因此,答案应选D. the data
collected so far are out of date. 目前收集的数据过时了。

34. 细节题Dr Myers and other researchers hold that_____.
选项A. people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time.
人们应该寻找一个能适用较长时间的基准。
B. fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass.
渔场应该将捕鱼量控制在存活量的50%以下。
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C. the ocean biomass should restored its original level.
海洋生物群落应该恢复到原来的水平。
D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situations.
人们应该调整捕鱼的基准以适应时时变化的条件。
该题利用定位词“Dr Myers and other researchers”定位到文章第四段Dr Myers and Dr
Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take
into account. “Myers博士和Worm博士指出,他们的工作确定了一个正确的基准,未来的
海洋管理必须将其考虑在内。” 选项A. people should look for a baseline that can work for a
longer time.人们应该寻 找一个能适用较长时间的基准,与文中定位语句的动作“确定了一个
正确的基准,未来的海洋管理必须将 其考虑在内”没有任何关联;选项B. fisheries should keep
the yield below 50% of the biomass.渔场应该将捕鱼量控制在存活量的50%以 下,与文中定位
语句的动作“确定了一个正确的基准,未来的海洋管理必须将其考虑在内”没有任何关联 ;
选项C. the ocean biomass should restored its original level.海洋生物群落应该恢复到原来的水
平,与文中定位语句的动作“确定了 一个正确的基准,未来的海洋管理必须将其考虑在内”
没有任何关联;选项D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing sit uations.人们应该
调整捕鱼的基准以适应时时变化的条件,与文中定位语句的动作“确定了一个 正确的基准,
未来的海洋管理必须将其考虑在内”没有任何关联。可见,定位词定位的语句不能确定唯一
正确的答案。作为细节题,要向下一句一句逐一与选项比较,知道最终确定答案。后面语
句叙述 到 They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the
“他们相信这些数据能够支持目前海洋生物学家认可的观点:改变基准。”
选项A. people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time.人们应该寻找一个能适
用较长时间的基准,与相关信息句动作“ 相信这些数据能够支持目前海洋生物学家认可的观
点:改变基准”没有直接关联;选项B. fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the b iomass.
渔场应该将捕鱼量控制在存活量的50%以下,与相关信息句动作“相信这些数据能够支 持目
前海洋生物学家认可的观点:改变基准”没有任何关联;选项C. the ocean biomass should
restored its original level.海洋生 物群落应该恢复到原来的水平,与相关信息句动作“相信这
些数据能够支持目前海洋生物学家认可的观点 :改变基准”没有直接关联;选项D. people
should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situations.人们应该调整捕鱼的基 准以适应时时
变化的条件,与相关信息句动作“相信这些数据能够支持目前海洋生物学家认可的观点:改
变基准”直接关联,动作“调整捕鱼基准适应变化的条件”对应于“改变基准”,体现“同
意替 换”的关系。因此,正确答案为D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing
situations. 人们应该调整捕鱼的基准以适应时时变化的条件。

35. 细节题The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ _____.
选项A. management efficiency 管理效率
B. biomass level 生物群落水平
C. catch-size limits 捕量限制
D. technological application 技术应用
该题利用定位词“mainly”粗略定位到文章第四段That matters because theory suggests that the
maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target
species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way
to do business. “这很重要,因为理论表明当这一目标物种生物群落的数量 是原来的50%时,
人们能够从渔业得到的最大的可持续性的产出。但大多数渔场的数量低于50%这种 做生意
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的方式很糟糕 。”显然,生物群落的数量和水平决定了从事该行业人的收入。因此,正确答
案为B. biomass level 生物群落水平。
全文翻译当史前人类来到地球新的地域时,大型动物发生了一些奇怪的事 情,他们突然之
间灭绝了,小一点儿的物种得以存活。那些大型的、生长缓慢的动物比较容易猎取,由于 被
猎杀而迅速灭绝。现在类似的情况可能正在海洋中发生。
人们知道海洋中的鱼类过量捕捞已经有些年了。Ransom Myers和Boris worm这些研究人员只是让我们知道了事情变化得多快。他们查询了来自世界各地渔场的50年的数据,目
的并非去 估算在海洋中的某些特定部分的鱼类的实际数量,而是不同时间内鱼类数量的改
变。根据他们发表在《自 然》期刊上的最新论文,一个新的渔场中的大型食肉鱼渔类的数量
在开始开发海洋资源的15年间平均下 降了80%,在一些旧的渔场,这15年来,大型食肉鱼
类的数量在此基础上又减少了一半。
Worm博士生成这些数字比较保守。一个原因是捕鱼技术有所改进。如今,船只可以借
助卫星和声纳定 位仪发现猎物,这在50年前无法作到。这意味着更多的海洋生物被捕获,
因此现在和过去渔业情况的真 实差距可能比记录下来的捕获量的变化还要大。此外,在早些
年,多钩长线上可能会挂满更多的鱼,但是 因为没有挂了鱼饵的鱼钩来诱惑它们了,所以一
些鱼就没被捕到,这就造成了对过去海洋中的鱼类数量估 计不足。而且,在早期用多钩长线
钓鱼时,许多鱼在上钩后被鲨鱼吃掉了。现在这不成问题了,因为现在 鲨鱼数量少了。
Myers博士和Worm博士指出,他们的工作确定了一个正确的基准,未 来的(海洋)管
理必须将其考虑进去。他们相信这些数据能够支持目前海洋生物学家认可的观点:改变基 准。
这一观点指出人们没有察觉发生在海洋中的巨大变化是因为他们在审视与现在做对比的过
去 时,用来衡量这个变化的时间段相对较短。这很重要,因为理论表明当某一目标物种的数
量是原来的50 %时,人们能够从渔业得到最大的可持续性的产出。但大多数渔场的数量低于
原来的50%,这种做生意 方式很糟糕。

Text 4
文章解析:根据中心统一原则确定,
文章首段主题句是But the weirdest may be this: artists' only job is to explore emotions, and yet
they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad. 最怪异的事情是艺术家唯一的工作是探索情感,
并且选择关注那些负面情感。
第二段确定段落内容方向的语句是This wasn't always so. 但情况不总是这样。
第三段确定段落内容方向的语句是But it's not as if earlier times didn't know perpetual war,
disaster and the massacre of innocents. 但是这并非是说在早些时候就没有没完没了的战争、灾
难以及对无辜者的屠杀。
第四段确定段落内容方向的语句是After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost
completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. 最终,什么是一种几乎能够完全致力
于描绘幸福的现代表达方式呢?广告。
第五段确定段落内容方向的语句是People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of
misery. 早期的人们被不幸包围着。
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第六段确定段落内容方向的语句是Today the messages your average Westerner is surrounded
with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. 如今,普通的西方人不断接收的并非
是宗教信息,而是商业信息及永远快乐的信息。
第七段确定段落内容方向的语句是What we forget---what our economy depends on us
forgetting---is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. 我们所忘记的(即我们的经济
所依赖我们要遗忘的)是幸福,不仅仅是没有痛苦的快乐。
不难发现,这篇文章围绕着人的负面情感问题来展开。
题目解析:
36.结构题By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to
show that_____.
选项A. poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music.
在表达快乐时,诗歌的表现力不如绘画和音乐。
B. art grows out of both positive and negative feeling.
艺术来自正面和负面的情感。
C. poets today are less skeptical of happiness.
如今的诗人对于幸福少了些怀疑。
D. artists have changed their focus of interest.
艺术家的关注点发生了变化。
该题将例子“Wordsworth and Baudelaire”定位到文章第二段This wasn't always so. The
earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But
somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or,
worst of all, boring as we went from Wordsworth's daffodils to Baudelaire's flowers of evil. 根据
结构题方位论原则,找例子对应的论点句。例子前面相邻的句子The earliest forms of art,
like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. “诸如绘画和音乐这样的早
期艺术形式最适合表达快乐。”也同样是例子。因此,段落首句This wasn't always so.“但
情况并不总是这样的。”为论点。但是,该句由于代词“th is”表达的含义不完整,所以要
找到“this”的指代,即前一段落的尾句But the weirdest may be this: artists' only job is to
explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad. “最怪异的事情是艺
术家唯一的工作是探索情感,并且选择关注那些负面情感。” 选项A. poetry is not as
expressive of joy as painting or music.在表达快乐时,诗歌的表现力不如绘画和音乐,与相关
信息句动作“最怪异的事情是 艺术家唯一的工作是探索情感,并且选择关注那些负面情感”
没有任何关联;选项B. art grows out of both positive and negative feeling.艺术 来自正面和负面
的情感,与相关信息句动作“最怪异的事情是艺术家唯一的工作是探索情感,并且选择关 注
那些负面情感”没有任何关联;选项C. poets today are less skeptical of happiness.如今的诗人
对于幸福少了些怀疑,与相关信息句动作 “最怪异的事情是艺术家唯一的工作是探索情感,
并且选择关注那些负面情感”没有任何关联;选项D. artists have changed their focus of interest.
艺 术家的关注点发生了变化,与相关信息句动作“最怪异的事情是艺术家唯一的工作是探索
情感,并且选择 关注那些负面情感”相关联,动作“艺术家的关注点发生了变化”对应于“艺
术家唯一的工作是探索情感 ,并且选择关注那些负面情感”,体现了“包含与被包含”的关
系。综上所述,正确答案为D. artists have changed their focus of interest. 艺术家的关注点
发生了变化。

37. 识词题The word “bummer” (Line 5. paragraph 5) most probably means
something_____.
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选项A. religious 宗教的

B. unpleasant 不快的
C. entertaining 娱乐的 D. commercial 商业的
该题将识别的词汇“bummer”在文章中定位到第五段People in earlier eras were
surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and
died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass
medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they
would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a
bummer too. 作为识词题,按照“方位论原则”: 在识别词汇后面找表示“解释说明,逻辑
关系”的表达,或者向前面找平行结构。在词汇后面出现“to o”,表示并列关系,因此相关
信息句为In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass
medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and
that they would someday be meat for worms. “在西 方,在大众传播开始出现,人们开始读
书识字之前,最强势的大众传媒是教堂,他提醒那些礼拜者他们的 心灵处于危险之中,有
一天可能会受到蠕虫的啃噬。”句子中“心灵处于危险之中,可能会受到蠕虫的啃 噬”表现
出一种消极不快的情绪和状态。因此,答案应选B. unpleasant 不快的。

38.细节题 In the author’s opinion, advertising_____.
选项A. emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art.
广告随着宣扬不幸的艺术觉醒而出现。
B. is a cause of disappointment for the general public.
广告是普通人失望的原因。
C. replaces the church as a major source of information.
广告取代教堂成为主要的信息来源。
D. creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself.
广告带来幸福的幻象而不是真正的幸福。
该题利用定位词“advertising”定位到文章第四段After all, what is the one modern form
of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of
anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial
culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.“宣扬 不幸的艺术的出现几乎完全
是紧随大众媒体的出现而来,随大众媒体而来的是一种广告文化,在这种文化 中,幸福不
仅仅是理想,而是意识形态。” 选项A. emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art. 广告随着宣
扬不幸的艺术觉醒而出现,与相关信息句 动作“宣扬不幸的艺术的出现几乎完全是紧随大众
媒体的出现而来,随大众媒体而来的是一种广告文化, 在这种文化中,幸福不仅仅是理想,
还是意识形态”似乎相关联,但是选项中“广告随着宣扬不幸的艺术 觉醒而出现”与相关信
息句中的“宣扬不幸的艺术的出现几乎完全是紧随大众媒体的出现而来”相悖;选 项B. is a
cause of disappointment for the general public. 广告是普通人失望的原因,与相关信息句动作
“宣扬不幸的艺术的出 现几乎完全是紧随大众媒体的出现而来,随大众媒体而来的是一种广
告文化,在这种文化中,幸福不仅仅 是理想,而是意识形态”没有任何关联;选项
C. replaces the church as a major source of information. 广告取代教堂成为主 要的信息来源,与
相关信息句动作“宣扬不幸的艺术的出现几乎完全是紧随大众媒体的出现而来,随大众 媒体
而来的是一种广告文化,在这种文化中,幸福不仅仅是理想,而是意识形态”没有任何关联;
选项D. creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself. 广告带来幸福的幻象而不
是真正的幸福,与相关信息句动作“宣 扬不幸的艺术的出现几乎完全是紧随大众媒体的出现
而来,随大众媒体而来的是一种广告文化,在这种文 化中,幸福不仅仅是理想,而是意识形
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态”相关联,动作“广告带来幸福的幻象而不是真正的幸福” 对应于“在广告文化中,幸福
不仅仅是理想,而是意识形态”,体现“同意替换”的关系。因此,正确答 案为D. creates an
illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself. 带来幸福的幻象而不是真正的幸福。

39. 推断题We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes_____.
选项A. happiness more often than not ends in sadness.
幸福时常以悲伤终结。
B. the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing.
那些宣扬不幸的艺术令人不快但是令人有新鲜之感。
C. misery should be enjoyed rather than denied.
应该欣赏而不是否认不幸。
D. the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms.
宣扬不幸的艺术在经济繁荣时兴盛起来。
该题目作为推断题,要明确找到指定的最后一段的主题句。根据“主题句--- 细节句原
则”,第七段 What we forget---what our economy depends on us forgetting---is that happiness is
more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential
for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone
to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends,
and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It's a message even more bitter
than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air. 段落中间没有转折词,段落首句What
we forget---what our economy depends on us forgetting---is that happiness is more than pleasure
without pain.“ 我们所忘记的(即我们的经济所依赖我们要遗忘的)是幸福,不仅仅是没有
痛苦的快乐。”明确是细节。 因此段落的主题句为段尾句It's a message even more bitter than a
clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.“这个信息比丁香烟叶还苦,但是会以某种
方式带来一股清新的气息。” 选项A. happiness more often than not ends in sadness. 幸福时常
以悲伤终结,与相关信息句动作“比丁香烟叶还苦,但以某种方式带来一股 清新的气息”相
悖;选项B. the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing. 那些宣扬不幸的艺术令人不快,但
是令人 有新鲜之感,与相关信息句动作“比丁香烟叶还苦,但以某种方式带来一股清新的气
息”相关联,动作“ 令人不快,但是令人有新鲜之感”对应于“比丁香烟叶还苦,但带来一
股清新的气息”,体现“同意替换 ”的关系;选项C. misery should be enjoyed rather than den ied.
应该欣赏而不是否认不幸,与相关信息句动作“比丁香烟叶还苦,但以某种方式带来一股清新的气息”没有直接联系;选项D. the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms. 宣扬不
幸的艺术在经济繁荣时兴盛起来,与相关信息句动作 “比丁香烟叶还苦,但以某种方式带来
一股清新的气息”没有任何联系。因此,正确答案为B. the anti-happy art is distasteful but
refreshing. 那些宣扬不幸的艺术令人不快但是令人有新鲜之感。

40. 推断题Which of the following is true of the text?
选项A. Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.
宗教曾经发挥提醒人们不幸的功能。
B. Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.
艺术在期待和现实之间提供了一种平衡。
C. People feel disappointed at the realities of morality.
人们对道德的现状感到失望。
D. Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.
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大众传媒倾向与报导灾难和死亡。
推断题,在第五段谈论reminders of misery(痛苦的提醒者)话题时,作者说:the church?
reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for
worms(教会提醒 朝拜者,他们的灵魂处于危险之中,他们的躯体将成为蠕虫的美食)。在
第七段,作者把反幸福艺术的警 示作用与宗教的提醒作用等同起来(?we need art to tell us,
as religion once did?)。选项A. Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery. 宗教曾经
发挥提醒人们不幸的功能。这与题意完 全相符。(补充:这种提问方式是推断题。按照推断
题方位论原则,对应段落的主题句是相关信息句。但 是,间或会出现对应段落的主题句与
选项没有任何关联,不能确定答案的情况。这种题目就只能利用四个 选项分别回归文章定
位,通篇考虑,逐一比较才能够确定答案。由于这种题目仅仅考察信息的对应,没有 涉及
分析理解能力的水平,所以不是考研英语试题中的重点试题。)
全文翻译有许多事情让人 们认为艺术家很怪异,而最怪异的事情是艺术家的唯一工作是探
索感情,并且选择关注那些负面感情。
但情况并不总是这样的。诸如绘画和音乐这样的早期艺术形式最适合表达快乐。但是大
约在19世纪,从英国诗人华兹华斯的水仙花到法国诗人波德莱尔的恶之花,更多的艺术家
开始认为快乐 是无意义的,虚伪的,甚至是快乐让人感到厌烦。
你可能会辩解,艺术对幸福更为怀疑这是因 为现代社会目睹了这样的不幸。但是这并非
是说在早些时候就没有没完没了的战争,灾难及对无辜者的屠 杀。事实上,可能恰恰相反,
(艺术对幸福更为怀疑的)原因是如今这个世界有了太多该死的幸福。
最终,什么是一种几乎能够完全致力于描绘幸福的现代表达方式呢?广告。宣扬不幸的
艺术的出现几乎完全是紧随大众媒体的出现而来,随大众媒体而来的是一种广告文化,在这
种文化中,幸 福不仅仅是理想,还是意识形态。
早期的人民被不幸包围。他们一直工作,直到累的筋疲力尽 ,生活几无保障,年纪轻轻
就命丧黄泉。在西方,在大众传播开始出现,人们开始读书识字之前,最强势 的大众媒体是
教堂,它可以提醒那些礼拜者他们的心灵处于危险之中,有一天可能会受到蠕虫的啃噬。考
虑到这些,人们也确实不需要让艺术也变成让人不快的东西了。
如今,普通西方人不 断接收的并非宗教信息,而是商业信息及永远快乐的信息。食用快
餐者,新闻主播,通信员们,所有人的 人都在微笑、微笑、不停地微笑。我们的杂志上以容
光焕发的名字和住在漂亮房子里的幸福家庭做特写。 因为这些信息有秘密目的——诱使我们
打开钱包,这让幸福的感觉看起来不可信。在我们发现治疗关节炎 的药物Celebrex可能增
加患心脏病的风险之前,有关该药物的广告让我们为它的诞生而庆祝。
我们所忘记的(也及我们的经济所依赖我们要遗忘的)是幸福不仅仅是没有痛苦的快乐。
那些能够带来巨大快乐的东西也会有可能带来巨大的损失和失望。如今,我们周围到处都是
唾手可得的 幸福的承诺,我们需要有人像过去宗教所做的那样告诉我们“无常”的象征,即
记主要你会死去,一切都 会消亡,记住幸福不是否认这些,而是与这些共存。这个信息比丁
香烟叶还苦,但是会以某种方式带来一 股清新气息。

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Part B (10 points)
41. [C] 42. [A] 43. [B] 44. [F] 45. [D]
41.答案:[C]
本文通过David William的赌博经历,评述美国社会普遍的赌博现象。本题比较容易。在第一次赌博中,他输了20美元,随后便一发不可收。注意第二段和第三段中数字的递增
现象(2 0→800→??→21,000→72,186)。而在所有选项中,[C]项中的数字5,000正好填补< br>了800与21,000之间的空白,含义也完全吻合上下文。
42.答案:[A]
空格前一段谈到:William的一个朋友帮助他进入一家戒赌中心,并把William的问题
通知 给赌场;赌场发回来一封禁赌信,并说,William必须提供医学或心理方面的证据证明
他进入赌场 不会对他的身体健康造成损害,否则,赌场不会再准许他去赌博。后一段的大意
是:《华尔街日报》报道 了赌场的24条声明,比如“以赌为乐??不要过火”;每张门票上
都留有心理咨询的免费电话;然而, 明知他赌博成瘾,赌场还故意诱惑他“做违背自己意愿
的事情”。空格中应涉及赌场重又引诱Willi am去赌博的内容。选项[A]大意为:赌场继续以
强大的攻势诱使William进入赌场,而并没有 人察觉他是“禁赌人员”。[A]与上下文完全符
合,因此是正确答案。
43.答案:[B]
空格后一段大意为:一份精神障碍方面的专业杂志说,“病态的赌博”是指持续地、复
发性地、 不可控制地追求突发横财带来的刺激,而不是追求金钱本身。这显然是在分析“病
态的赌博”的症状。而 上一段谈到赌场诱使William进入赌场,“做违背自己意愿的事情”。
选项[B]的意思是:并不 清楚究竟是什么在引诱他;从何种意义来说,他的意愿才算不被强
制?此项正好符合上下文逻辑。另外, 上文最后一句中的lure一词与[B]项中luring相互照
应。因此,[B]是答案。
44.答案:[F]
由于本题空格是在段首,因此空格内容与后文关系更为密切。后一句的大 意是:在科
学或所谓科学的推动下,社会正把曾经认为的性格缺陷或道德缺点重新归类为与身体残疾相< br>似的个性障碍。选项[F]的大意是:令人担忧的是,社会正在用药物处理越来越多的行为问
题, 并把意志力薄弱定义为“毒”瘾发作。这两句的结构与内涵非常相似,因此应选[F]为
答案。
45.答案:[D]
空格后文说到:44个州有彩票,29个州有赌场,大多数州都不同程度 地依赖着赌博业
带来的税收。这显然是一种政府行为。涉及政府行为的有[D]和[G]两个选项,而[ G]讲的是
本文最后才提到的网络赌博,只有[D]符合题意。
参考译文
Evansville镇坐落在印第安纳州俄亥俄河的北岸,是52岁的大卫〃威廉姆斯的家乡,
镇上有 一家内河船赌场。威廉姆斯是州政府的一名审计员,年薪35,000美元。在那家赌场
赌了几年,他大 约输了175000美元。以前他从未参与赌博,直到有一天,那家赌场送他一
张价值20美元的赌博优 惠券。
他去了那家赌场,输了20美元,然后离开了。第二次去赌场他输了800美元。作为一
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名优秀顾客,赌场发给他一张“娱乐卡”,赌 场里使用可以获得积分,换取食物和饮料,赌
场也可以以此来追踪使用者的赌博活动。对于威廉姆斯而言 ,这些活动成为他所谓的“电子
海洛因”。
在他输了5,000美元的时候,他对自 己说如果能捞回本钱,他就会停手。有一天晚上
他赢了5,500美元,但是他并未停手。在1997年 ,他玩投币赌博游戏时两天时间内输了
21,000美元。1997年三月间,他输了72,186美元 。有时候,他同时玩两台投币机,整晚
整晚地玩,直到凌晨5点赌船进港关门为止,在赌场没有禁止他光 顾,原因是赌场知道他沉
溺其中不能自拔。赌场的确知道他有问题。
1998年三月 ,威廉姆斯在一个朋友在他不情愿的情况下将他送入治疗中心,戒除赌瘾,
并写信告知赌场威廉姆斯上瘾 的事实。赌场将威廉姆斯的照片放入被禁止赌博的赌徒名单
中,给他写了一封“禁止进入赌场”的信。注 明了赌博行为的医学心理学特征,信中指出
在允许他重新进入赌场之前,威廉姆斯必须提供证明他光临赌 场不会对他的安全和生活幸福
造成危害。
尽管他没有提供这些证明,赌场的市场部还 是不断地给他寄资料。他进入赌场,使用“娱
乐卡”,而赌场并未察觉。
据《华尔街 周刊》报道,该赌场有24个警告牌,写着诸如“享受乐趣,用头脑赌博,
不要头脑发热”一类的警告语 。每张入场卷上都印着一个免费电话号码,可以向印地安纳州
心理健康部门进行咨询。然而,威廉姆斯的 诉状指出赌场明明知道他无可救要地沉溺与赌博,
却故意引诱他做出违背自己意愿的行为。
考虑到他强迫性的行为,赌场是否故意引诱他还不得而知,而他的意愿又体现在那些方
面呢?
第四版《心理紊乱诊断数据手册》指出,病态赌博指的是在追求意外横财时,持续地、
反复地、无法自控 地寻求冒险刺激,并非仅仅为了钱。
令人不安的是,现在社会越来越多地用医学方法处理行为 问题,以前严厉的前辈们称之
为意志薄弱的行为现在被认为是上瘾。由于科学或所谓科学的推动,社会正 在对行为问题进
行重新分类,把从前认为是性格缺陷、道德过失的重新归类到类似于胜利障碍的病态人格 。
赌博一直是美国人生活中的普遍现象。长期以来,人们认为赌博是一种罪过或者是一种社会疾病。现在赌博却成为一种社会政策:在美国,最主要、最有力的赌博推动者是美国政
府。
四十四个州发行彩票,29个州设有赌场,而这些州中大多数在不同程度上倚赖于(你
可能会说沉溺于)来自赌博的税收。自从1995年建立了第一个赌博网站以来,争夺赌徒资
金的竞争加 剧。据10月28日那期《新闻周刊》的报道,200万赌徒每周光顾1800个虚拟
赌场。今年网络赌 徒们输掉的钱达到35亿美元,赌博业已经超越色情业,成为网络上最赢
利的行业。

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Part C (10 points)
46.我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己 人生首要
责任和快乐的人。
47.他的职责与法官相似,必须承担这样的责任:用尽可能明了 的方式来展示自
己做出决定的推理过程。
48.我之所以把他(普通科学家)排除在外,是因 为尽管他的成果可能会有助于
解决道德问题,但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。 49.但是,他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行为的道德规范,就如同不能指望
商人专注于探索行 业规范一样。
50.他们可以教得很好,而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水,但他们大多数人却很少或没
有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。
[词义推敲] 步骤一、浏览语句,识别动词和代词含义
define…as…“把…定义为…”
elected as… “选择…作为…”
thinking in Socratic way about “用苏格拉底式的方式思考…”
them it 遵循代词的指代原则,them指代“知识分子”
[结构分析] 步骤二、浏览语句,断句
1、,and原则(用来区分并列句,句子中的and, or等并列连词要首先区分)(
I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the
activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.


2、whichthat原则用来区分主句和从句,句子中的which, that, because, while, when等
标志词区分主句和从句)
I shall define him as an individual
who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格
拉底) way about moral problems.


3、较长不定式短语或介词短语 原则(用来将单句中的不顶事短语和介词短语与主句区别
对待,即恢复单句完整,理解短语功能)
I shall define him as an individual
who has elected the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.
as his primary duty and pleasure in life
这是一个复合句。I shall define him as an individual 是主句。定语从句who has elected as his
primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral

problems用来修 饰名词“individual”。该定语从句中构成“elect…as…”的结构。

[翻译润色] 步骤三、单句翻译,准确排序
I shall define him as an individual
我将知识分子定义这种个体:
who has elected the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.

苏格拉底式的方式思考对道德问题,

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as his primary duty and pleasure in life
并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快乐的人。
[参考译文]
我将知识分子定义这种个体:用苏格拉底式的方式思考道德问题,并将此作为自己人生首要责任和人生乐趣。

47.His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing
in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
翻译步骤分析
[词义推敲] 步骤一、浏览语句,识别动词和代词含义
is analogous to “与…相似”
accept(the obligation of) “接受”在此意为“承担”
revealing “揭露”在此意为“揭示”
led him to his decision. “他自己得出结论”
[结构分析] 步骤二、浏览语句,断句
1、,and原则(用来区分并列句,句子中的and, or等并列连词要首先区分)(
His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as
obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
2、whichthat原则用来区分主句和从句,句子中的which, that, because, while, when等
标志词区分主句和从句)
His function is analogous to that of a judge
, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of
reasoning
which led him to his decision.
3、较长不定式短语或介词短语原则(用来将单句中的不顶事短语和介词短语与主句区别
对待, 即恢复单句完整,理解短语功能)
His function is analogous to that of a judge
, who must accept the obligation of revealing the course of reasoning
in as obvious a matter as possible
which led him to his decision.
这是一个复合句。His function is analogous to that of a judge是主句。非限制性定语从句who
must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning
which led him to his decision用来修饰前文名词judge。在该定语从句中,which led him to his
decision是定语从句,修饰名词短语“the course of reasoning”。
[翻译润色] 步骤三、单句翻译,准确排序
His function is analogous to that of a judge
他的职责与法官相似,
, who must accept the obligation of revealing the course of reasoning
必须承担揭示推理过
程的责任。

in as obvious a matter as possible
用尽可能明了的方式

which led him to his decision.
自己做出决定的

[参考译文]
他的职责与法官相似 ,必须承担这样的责任:用尽可能明了的方式来展示自
己做出决定的推理过程。

48.I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution
of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual
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aspects of those problems.
翻译步骤分析
[词义推敲] 步骤一、浏览语句,识别动词和代词含义
excluded “排除在外”
contribute to “促成”
has not been charged with (the obligation)“被控告”在此意为“承担”
approaching (the factual aspect)“接近”在此意为“探究”
him
遵循代词的指代原则,him指代“普通科学家”
[结构分析] 步骤二、浏览语句,断句
1、,and原则(用来区分并列句,句子中的and, or等并列连词要首先区分)
I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of
moral problems
, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those
problems.

2、whichthat原则(用来区分主句和从句,句子中的which, that, because, while, when
等标志词区分主句和从句)
I have excluded him
because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems
, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those
problems.

这是一个复合句。I have excluded him是主句。because,引导原因状语从句。在该原因状语从
句中while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems和he has not
been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.构成让步
关系的主、从句。
[翻译润色] 步骤三、单句翻译,准确排序
I have excluded him
我已经把普通科学家排除在外,
because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems
是因为
尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德问题,

, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those
problems.
但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。

[参考译文]
我之所以把普通科学家排除在外,是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德问题,但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。

49.But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any
more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of
conduct in business.
翻译步骤分析
[词义推敲] 步骤一、浏览语句,识别动词和代词含义
think about “思考,考虑”
governs his activity “管理”在此意为“支配”
is expected to “期望…”
dedicate his energies to “投身于…;专注于…”
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[结构分析] 步骤二、浏览语句,断句
1、,and原则(用来区分并列句,句子中的and, or等并列连词要首先区分)
But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity
, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of
conduct in business.


2、whichthat原则(用来区分主句和从句,句子中的which, that, because, while, when
等标志词区分主句和从句)
But his primary task is not to think about the moral code
, which governs his activity
, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of
conduct in business.

这是一个复合句。But his primary task is not to think about the moral code any more than a
businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business
是主句,在该句子中体现了结构“not…any more than”,译为 “不是…也不是”。非限制性
定语从句which governs his activity用来修饰名词“moral code”。
[翻译润色] 步骤三、单句翻译,准确排序
But his primary task is not to think about the moral code
但是,他的首要任务并不是考虑
道德规范,
, which governs his activity
支配自己行为的

, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of
conduct in business.
就如同不能指望商人专注于探索行业规范一样。

[参考译文]
但是,他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行为的道德规范,就如同不能指望商人专注于探索行业规范一样。

50.They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little
or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.
翻译步骤分析
[词义推敲] 步骤一、浏览语句,识别动词和代词含义
teach “教”
earn their salaries “挣工资”
make little or no independent reflections on “很少或几乎没有独立思考”
involve(moral judgment) “包括”在此意为“需要(道德判断)”
[结构分析] 步骤二、浏览语句,断句
1、,and原则(用来区分并列句,句子中的and, or等并列连词要首先区分)
They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries
, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve
moral judgment.

2、whichthat原则(用来区分主句和从句,句子中的which, that, because, while, when
等标志词区分主句和从句)
They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries
, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve
moral judgment.
这是一个并列句。They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries与but most of them
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make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.构成
并列关系。在but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems
which involve moral judgment中,定语从句which involve moral judgment修饰名词“human
problems”。
[翻译润色] 步骤三、单句翻译,准确排序
They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries
他们可以教得很好,而且不仅
仅是为了挣薪水,
, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems
但他们大多
数人却很少或没有对、人的问题进行独立思考。
which involve moral judgment.
需要进行道德判断的

[参考译文]
他们可以教得很好,而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水, 但他们大多数人却很少或没
有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。
参考译文
美国知识分子受到排斥,人们认为他们在社会中无关紧要,确实如此吗?这里指出的是
情况并非那样。Father Bruchbergen让我们了解到部分真实情况。他指出是美国受到知识分子的排斥。然而,知识分子所做的还不止这些,他们对知识分子所发挥的作用日益感到不
满。正是 他们自己,而不是美国,成了反知识分子者。
首先,我们要对研究对象进行定义。什么是知识分子?我 将知识分子定义为这样的人。
他把用苏格拉底的方法思考道德问题作为自己的主要责任和人生乐趣。他有 意识地、清楚坦
诚地探索这一问题,首先针对一些事实问题提问,然后针对道德问题提问,最后根据已经 获
得的事实和道德信息提出一些看似合理的建议,建议人们如何行动。他的职责与法官相似,
必 须承担这样的责任:用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。
这一定义将许多通常被称 为知识分子的人排除在外,那些普通科学家便是其中之一。
我把普通科学家排除在外,是因为尽管他们的 成就有助于解决道德问题,但却仅仅限于这些
问题的事实方面,他们并未承担解决道德问题的任务。与其 他人一样,他们会在完成自己的
日常任务时遇到道德问题——他不应该伪造实验,捏造证据,修改实验报 告。但是科学家的
主要任务不是思考支配自己行为的道德准则,正如人们不会期待商人将精力投入到研究 商业
中的行为规范一样。普通科学家在大部分醒着的时日都会认为自己的道德准则理所当然,这
和商人是一样的。
这个定义也将绝大多数教师排除在外,尽管从传统意义上来说,多数知识分 子的谋生手
段是教书。这些教师可能擅长教书,而且不仅仅专注于赚钱,但大多数人很少或者没有对涉< br>及道德判断的人类问题进行独立思考。这种情况也适用大多数杰出学者。在人类知识的某一
领域学 识渊博是一回事,而:“对社会进行卓越的思考”(爱默生语)则是另一回事。

Section III: Writing (30 points)
Part A (10 points)
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好学好职网校:
51. 参考范文
Dear Sir or Madam,
As a college student who is studying and living in a good environment,
I wish to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial assistance to
a child in a remote area. Having conceived such a plan for a long time,
I write this letter to request your help to recommend a proper candidate.
I wonder if it is convenient for you if three things concerning the
child are taken into consideration. First, the child should come from
Gansu Province, for I intend to help a child from my hometown. Second,
it will be better if the child is a primary school student. I hope I will
help himher from the very beginning. In addition, heshe must be willing
to return to his hometown to help built it after graduation from
university.
My plan will be carried out as follows. On one hand, I will remit at
least 2,000 Yuan in cash every year until heshe finishes hisher
education before entering college. On the other hand, I decide to teach
the child math and English in person during my summer vacation, which will
surely be more beneficial to the child.
Your prompt help would be highly appreciated. And I am looking forward
to your reply very soon.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
Part B (20 points)
52. 参考范文
How ironic the two pictures are in describing one of the most
widespread social phenomena concerning idol adoration! In the first
picture, a young man writes the name of Beckham on his face. In the second
picture, another young man spends 300 Yuan in dealing with his hair to
make himself look like Beckham.
The meaning conveyed in the two pictures reveals that in current China
some young people are losing themselves. I am greatly shocked by the
enthusiasm for this British football superstar shown by these two young
men. Frankly speaking, things of this kind really happen among us. Some
people, especially college students, do nothing but concentrate on
imitating superstars. This does great harm to their study and growth. If
we can’t stop the worsening of this tendency, our own culture will be
damaged, and we ourselves will be the ultimate victims.
From my point of view, a lot of measures should be taken to save our losing
culture and re-find ourselves. In fact, some measures have already been taken. In my
university, campaigns have been launched to educate people to pay more attention to
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好学好职网校:
our traditional culture and read more books instead of focusing on our appearances.
As a result, we have witnessed some improvements but still there is a long way to go.
第 47 页 共 47 页

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