小学三年级下册数学题2014年美国数学建模比赛试题、翻译和分析(终稿)

2020年11月19日发(作者：邹永成)
ROBLEM A: The Keep-Right-Except-To-Pass Rule
问题A：除非超车否则靠右行驶的交通规则

In countries where driving automobiles on the right is the rule (that is, USA, China
and most other countries except for Great Britain, Australia, and some former British
colonies), multi-lane freeways often employ a rule that requires drivers to drive in the
right-most lane unless they are passing another vehicle, in which case they move one
lane to the left, pass, and return to their former travel lane.

在一些汽车靠右行驶的国家（比如美国，中国 等等），多车道的高速公路常常遵
循以下原则：司机必须在最右侧驾驶，除非他们正在超车，超车时必须 先移到左
侧车道在超车后再返回。

Build and analyze a mathematical model to analyze the performance of this rule in
light and heavy traffic. You may wish to examine tradeoffs between traffic flow and
safety, the role of under- or over-posted speed limits (that is, speed limits that are too
low or too high), and/or other factors that may not be explicitly called out in this
problem statement. Is this rule effective in promoting better traffic flow? If not,
suggest and analyze alternatives (to include possibly no rule of this kind at all) that
might promote greater traffic flow, safety, and/or other factors that you deem
important.
建立数学模型来分析这条规则在低负荷 和高负荷状态下的交通路况的表现。你不
妨考察一下流量和安全的权衡问题,车速过高过低的限制，或者 这个问题陈述中
可能出现的其他因素。这条规则在提升车流量的方面是否有效？如果不是，提出
能够提升车流量、安全系数或其他因素的替代品（包括完全没有这种规律）并加
以分析。

In countries where driving automobiles on the left is the norm, argue whether or not
your solution can be carried over with a simple change of orientation, or would
additional requirements be needed.

在一些国家，汽车靠左形式是常态，探 讨你的解决方案是否稍作修改即可适用，
或者需要一些额外的需要。
Lastly, the rule as stated above relies upon human judgment for compliance. If vehicle
transportation on the same roadway was fully under the control of an intelligent
system – either part of the road network or imbedded in the design of all vehicles
using the roadway – to what extent would this change the results of your earlier
analysis?

最后，以上规则依赖于人的判断，如果相同规则的交通运输完全在智能系统的控
制下 ，无论是部分网络还是嵌入使用的车辆的设计，在何种程度上会修改你前面
的结果？