begun是什么意思-证实材料
谓语（部分）
北京大学胡壮麟教授说过，中国学生适当学点语法对学英语有好处。结合自身学习，我们来分析一下英语句子的主要成分。学会分析
主要成分，有助于听说读写译的 全面发展。
英语的主要成分：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语；
其他的如同位语和插入语。
表1
主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补语、
定语和状语；其他的如同位语和插入语
英语的词类：名词、介词、形容词、副词（ 关系副词引导定语从句）、
动词（非谓语动词）、代词（关系代词引导定语从句）、数词、叹词、
连词（并列连词连接并列句，从属连词引导状语从句），冠词。这些
词和短语常常是句子成分的组成部 分。
表2
名词、介词、形容词、副词（关系副词引导定语从句）、动词（非谓
语动词）、
代词（关系代词引导定语从句）、数词、叹词（一般不考虑）、
连词（并列连词连接并列句，从属连词引导状语从句），冠词
谓语由动词和动词短 语构成，有时态、语态、数和语气的变化;也有
肯定、否定；疑问句中倒装和正常语序等的变化。
1.谓语（部分）
（1）常见实义动词。
一般现在时态的谓语（部分）
(2001) I play ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play
since the new year.
(1993）In some parts of the world, tea is served with milk and sugar.
(2011四川) All visitors to this village are treated with kindness.
(1996）-Can I help you, sir?
-Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it doesn't work.
(1998上海）Being a sailor involves long periods away from home.
现在进行时
(2004浙江）Because the shop is closing down , all the T-shirts are
sold at half price.
(2001京春) A new cinema is being built here. They hope to finish it
next month.
(2012重庆) Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running
out. We must act immediately before there’s left.
(1991）-Have you moved into the new house?
-Not yet. The rooms are being painted .
(2008辽宁) — Have you got any job offers?
—No. I am waiting.
现在完成时
(2005京春）I’ve phoned my sister three times today but her line was
always busy.
(2007上海) With the help of high technology, more and more new
substances have been discovered in the past years.
(2003安徽春) With the rapid growth of population, the city has
spread in all directions in the past five years .
(1981) You can see the house hasn't been painted for years.
(2006沪春) We haven't met our new neighbors yet, so we don't
know their names.
现在完成进行
(1998）--Hi, Tracy ,you look tired.
---I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.
(2009辽宁) Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair has
been phoning all day.
Could you speak to her now?
一般过去时
(2005沪春The year 2002 saw remarkable changes in Shanghai’s
landscape.
(2010湖南)This coastal area was named a national wildlife reserve
last year.
(2006陕西)－You look very tired. Did you sleep at all last night?
过去进行时
(1978）16. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was
shining.
(2012安徽) 35. After school we went to the reading-room to do
some reading, only to be told that it was being decorated.
(2012山东）34. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his
trusted workers were leaving.
过去完成时
(1980)14. By eleven o' clock yesterday, we had arrived at the
airport.
(2001沪春) new suspension bridge had been designed by
the end of last month.
－No, not really. I’m tired out now.
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