butcher是什么意思英语非谓语动词的用法

2020年11月25日发(作者：孙鸿烈)
英语非谓语动词的用法

在英语语法中，掌握好动词的用法是最重要的，而非谓语动词 又是动词中非
常重要的一部分，由于它们内容多，有些用法相似，所以不好掌握，经常被混淆
用 错，笔者通过列表比较方法，我们会对非谓语动词的用法一目了然，找出异同，
更好的掌握它们的用法， 下面通过列表比较的方式，分析非谓语动词的主要用法。
非谓语动词和谓语动词的相对时间关系
说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数是那些表愿望的词：want;
hope; expect; wish等。
I saw him come in.
We enjoyed seeing the film.
在动词insist on; rely on; count on(相信)等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动
作之后发生。
在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on; upon after代替完成动名词表示
的动作在谓语动词表示的动作先发生。
I remember seeing him before.
On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend.
He stood there speaking.
Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room.
Entering the room, I found nobody in.
Turning to the right, you will find the post office.
Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.
Educated by the party, he became a brave fighter.
I'm sorry to have troubled you.
He is said to have come here.
He is thought to have done it.
He is believed to have done it.
在wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose等动词过去时后，说明行为
动词没有实现。
We wished to have done this.
I expected to have left by then.

We regret having told you the news.
After having finished his work, he went home.
说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。多数表示一 些瞬
时间动词。如果是hear; see或表示位置转移的动词arrive; leave; turn; open.不
用完成时
Having finished his work, he went home.
Sitting down with him, we begun to discuss it.

The meeting is to be held next week.
有时主动形式表示被动的意义，同被动没什么区别，具有“应该”．“值的”的
意思。不定式是主语的承受者，但有时作某些形容词的宾语， 如：nice, easy, hard,
difficult, fit, suitable, good, heavy, comfortable, cheap等。
The box is not strong enough to stand this.
It's too small to see.
There is a lot of work to do
The house is to let at low rent.
I am not to blame.
Houses are still to seek.
Much remains to do.
My watch needs repairing.
The building being built is a school.
Not having been told, he didn't know where to start.



not having been told about it, I don't know how to do it.
Given more time, (=Having been given) I can do it much better.


动词不定式表示比较具体的意义，经常和特定的动作和执行者联系起来，经
常带时间或地点状语，有 时表示将要发生的动作。
To master a foreign language is no easy job.
To do it well is my earnest desire
To see this film is to waste time.
To solve this problem is out of the question
动 词不定式（短语）作主语时，常见的另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it
作形式主语，而将动词不定式（ 短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式
是一些特定形容词，动词和名词
1)形容词作表语（常见的形容词有：important, difficult, easy hard possible）
It is foolish to act in this way.
It sounds reasonable to do it this way.
It appears likely for them to arrive.
2) 动词作谓语（常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse, delight, irritate, annoy
It took much time to do this.
It makes us excited to think about that.
It needed hard work to finish the job.
It does no good to say like that.
It didn't occur to me to ask him to help me.
It seems a pity to waste them.
It is a great pleasure to do this
Collecting stamps is a good hobby.
Swimming is a best sport in summer.
There is no telling what will happen.
There is no denying the fact.
动名词短语作主语时，常见的另一种形式是在句首用先行代词i t作形式主语
面将动名词短语移至谓语之后作真实主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词和名
词
1)形容词作表语(常见的形容词有：enjoyable, good, hard, worthwhile)
It is nice talking to you.
It's foolish behaving like that.
It is useless doing that
It's waste of time doing this. It's no good (use) doing that.
It's an awful job doing this. It's fun doing this

I want to read a novel.
用于该形式的常见的动词有：afford, agree, aim, apply, arrange, ask,
choose, claim, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, learn,
manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, seek, swear, threaten, wish.
有时宾语省略不定式符号(常见的有：let fall, let pass, let go, let slip, 'd
better, 'd rather, 'd soon,
动词不定式（短语）作宾语时，如其后有补足语，则可以 用先行语it作形式
宾语，而将动词不定式（短语）后移作直接宾语
He found it necessary to work hard at English.
用于该形式的常见的动词有：acknowledge, believe, consider, count,
declare, deem, deny, esteem, fancy, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know,
make, prove, realize, report, see, show, suppose, suspect, take(think),
understand, think.
We found it troublesome solving this problem.
We consider it worthwhile spending some time on this.
We enjoyed staying there.
常见的动词有：admit, abhor, acknowledge, advise, advocate, avoid,
confess, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, discontinue, excuse,
evade, fancy, finish, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep(on), mind,
necessitate, pardon, postpone, practise, renounce, resent, facilitate, favor,
miss, resist.
He began learning (to learn) English at the age of five.
常见的动词有：start, like, hate, love, continue, prefer, commence, attempt,
intend, propose, decline, endure, neglect, omit, recollect, recall, bear.
He insisted on doing that.
常见的短语有：stand up, leave off, put off, give up, can't help(stand)
He is about to leave. He did nothing but play.
'd rather do sth, 'd better do sth, 'd like/love to do sth,
We saw him come in. I asked him to help me.
I helped him (to) learn English.
He arranged for me to stay there.
常见的动词有：
1)省略不定式符号的动词：make, let, have, see, hear, notice, watch,
observe, listen to, look at
2)表示“致使”意义的动词：advice, cause, allow, ask, beg, drive, encourage,
expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, permit, persuade, remind, teach, tell,
trust, urge, want, warn
3)表示心理状态的动词：consider, declare find, prove, think, know, believe,
discover, feel, imagine, judge, suppose, understand.
4)短语动词 arrange for, prepare for, provide for, ask for, care for, long for,
wait for, vote for, call on, rely on, depend on, count on
We call this process testing.
We know of the earth behaving as a large magnet.
I found him coming in.
He kept him waiting outside.
如谓语动词是被动语态的形式，这时分词成了主语补语，分词形式不变。
表示动作已完成，同宾语是被动关系，说明动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
We found him tied to the tree.
I had my hair cut.
I can't get this motor started.
如谓语动词是被动语态的形式，这时分词成了主语补语，分词形式不变。
I hardly remember what I did besides read.
He had nothing in mind except to work hard.
It is better to do some work than to spend the time idly.
I'm afraid of making mistakes while speaking English.
He enjoys doing nothing but talking with her.
On (as soon as he arrived) arriving, he came to see his friend.
In (while) doing this, he learned a lot.
常见的短语：look forward to, be used to, object to, prefer doing sth to
doing sth
I am glad to see you.
常见的形容词有：cross, angry, context, furious, happy, impatient, curious,
proud, sorry, thankful, free, grateful, keen, anxio7us, eager, pone, ready,
reluctant, willing, humble, jealous, miserable, (un)able, lucky，sad

I am surprised to see you.
常见的过去分词有：annoyed, ashamed, astonished, bored, concerned,
amazed, confused delighted, determined, disappointed, disgusted, displeased,
dissatisfied, distressed, embarrassed, excited, fascinated, inclined, overjoyed,
overwhelmed, pleased, prepared, puzzled, qualified, worried, offended, scared,
thrilled, vexed
The tree seems like trembling.
The book is worth reading.

To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.(一般同主语的形式一直)
What I wanted to do is write it down.
The only thing you can do is wait and see.
How am I to pay such a debt?
Such questions are to be avoided.
He was never to see his friend again.
What he said proved to be true.
He seems to be ill.
常作主语的名词有：aim, ambition, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistakes,
plan, purpose, suggestion.
What like best is swimming in the sea.
My job is teaching English