angel的意思(word完整版)高二英语非谓语动词教案

2020年11月25日发(作者：吴新雄)
非谓语动词
动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词。
一、不定式：
It is hard for me to do the work. 作主语
He wants to speak at the meeting.作宾语
I have a lot of work to do. 作定语
He asked me to finish it in time. 作宾补
My job is to help the patient.作表语
He is too young to go to school. 作结果状语
We were surprised to find him there. 作原因状语
He spoke loudly to make herself heard. 作目的状语
He went to his home, only to find he was out. 出乎意料的结果
特点
1）不定式短语做主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语，（例1）
2）不定式作宾语，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾补之后， 而用it作
形式宾语，请看下句：
I find it interesting to study English.
3) 不定式作宾补，在feel, hear, listen to, look to, notice, observe, see, watch, have , let, make等
词后的补足语，不定式不带to, 但这些句子变成被动结构就必须带to.
二、动名词：
动名词形式由“动词+ing”构成，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作
主语，表语，宾语和定语。请看例句：
1）Collecting information (收集信息）is very important to businessmen.作主语
2) It is no use arguing with him.(与他争论）作主语
3）She finished reading the book (看完这本书）yesterday. 作宾语
4) He has a reading room. (书房）作定语
特点：
1.在it is no use/good, no any use/good, useless等后须用动名词作主语，泛指抽象动作.
2 在finish,mind, enjoy, pactise, avoid, imagine, consider, feel like, keep, prevent, risk,suggest
等词后，一定用动词的ing形式。
3. 在forget, go on, like , mean, regret, remember, stop, try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，
但意义上有区别，请看下列句型：
1）我记得读过这本书.
I remember reading the book. (指过去的动作）
I must remember to read the book. (指将来的动作）
2）我要设法提高我的英语口语。I’ll try to improve my spoken English.
敲门没人答应，试着敲后门。Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.
3) 不要讲话。Stop talking.
他停下来讲话。He stopped to talk.
4) 我没打算伤害你。I didn’t mean to hurt you.
错过这班车意味着再等一个小时。Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
4. 动名词和不定式结构在意义上区别：
动名词形式表示一般习惯，抽象概念，或已成过去的动作，不 定式表示的往往是具体的或
特定的动作，也可表示现在或将来的动作。
Playing with fire is dangerous. （泛指玩火）
To play with fire will be dangerous. (指一具体动作）
It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 指抽象动作
He realized that to go on like this was no use. 具体动作
He has forgotten seeing me before. 指已成过去的动作
I must remember to remind John that the garden needs watering指将来的动作
三、分词：现在分词 和 过去分词
1．分词的时态和语态。
现在分词：
1）有一般式和完成时，一般式即主句和从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
2）完成时（having+过去分词）表示的动作在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。
When he was a student, he was interested in books.
Being a student, he was interested in books.
After he had done his homework, he went to bed.
Having done his homework, he went to bed.
3) 当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语态，如果要强调分词的动作先于谓
语动作，就用动词完成时的被动形式。
The question which is being discussed is important.
The question being discussed is important.
As he had been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.
Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.
过去分词：过去分词表示在 谓语动词之前发生的动作，本身有被动的含义，所以只有一般式，
没有完成式。
2. 分词的用法：
1. 作定语：
站在窗旁的那个男人是我们的老师。
The man standing at the window is our teacher.
被污染的空气河水对人体有害。
Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health.
请注意： 如果现在分词作定语时，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发
生。如果两个动词有先 后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而用定语从句。
The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.
2. 作状语:
1)While he was reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
While reading the book , he nodded from time to time.
2) Since I am a student, I must study hard.
Being a student, I must study hard.
As we were not satisfied with the result, we decided to do the experiment again.
Not satisfied with the result, we decided to do the experiment again.
3) If time permits, I will finish another lesson.
Time permitting , I will finish another lesson.
If he is allowed, he would eat all the food in the house.
If allowed, he would eat all the food in the house.
4)The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing .（说说笑笑）
He entered the room,followed by his girlfriend (后面跟着女朋友）．
3. 作宾补:
We saw the teacher making the experiment .（做实验）
I’ve never heard the song sung in English. (用英语唱）
4. 作表语：
The news is inspiring （令人鼓舞）
He is surprised. (他很吃惊)
特点：
1.分词短语作状语,其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致.
2. 表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when 引导。
3. 有时“with(without)+名词（或代词宾格）+分词的结构表示伴随状况的独立主格结构。
eg. 1)With his homework finished ahead of time, he began to play computer.
2) He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
4. 分词短语作状语时 ，若句子主语不是它的逻辑主语（即两边主语不一致）通常在它前面
加上它的主语，构成独立主格结构。
All my money stolen, I had to walk without buying anything.
Time permitting ,（时间允许的话） I will finish another lesson

主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾语补足语
动名词

分词



不定式

EXERCISES：
不定式作宾补
would not allow him___A___ across the
enemy line.
A. to risk going g to go C. for risk to go going
ask,tell,invite,force,get,beg,allow,help,wish want,like,hate,prefer,expect,encourage,advise,
persuade,instruct,permit,request,order,,urge等等动词后 可接不定式作宾补。
he had often made his little sister
_A___, today he was made____by his little sister.
,to cry ,crying ,cry cry,cry
使役动词 make,let只接不带to的不定式作宾补。
Let me do it for you.
you’ve never been there before,I’ll have someone_B____you the way.