massage是什么意思高考英语 主语和谓语一致

2020年11月25日发(作者：弓嗣初)

主语与谓语的一致
在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致 。如何判定，则要看句子的意思。多
数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思 及强调的内容。
第一部分 主语与谓语的一致的原则
主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致问题一般遵循三条原则：一、语法形态一致 二、意义一致 三、就近
一致原则。
一、语法形式上一致
英语语法要求，主语如果是单数，谓语动词也要用单数形式；主语若是复数，谓语动词也要用复数形
式。例如:
She likes to eat well.
We all like good food.
We are students and they are teachers.
This is a desk and that’s a chair.
二、意义上一致
主语形式上虽为单数，但意义为复数；谓语动词用复数。例如：
The crowd were running for their lives. 人群在逃命。
单数形式表示复数意义的有people, police, cattle 等。
主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：
The news was very exciting. 这消息令人兴奋。
形复意单的名词有news, works（工厂）,physics, politics, mathematics等。
三、就近一致原则 即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于靠近它的词语。例如由连词or, either…or…,
neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but等。 连接的并列的主语，谓语动词与靠近它的主语
保持一致。例如: Neither you nor he is right. 你不对他也不对。
【指点迷津】
1、就近一致
1）当主语由either...... or. neither...... nor , not only ...... but(also) 或or连接时，
谓语动词通常和最临近的那个主语一致。例如：
Either you or he is to do the work.
Not only you but also Tom often comes late to class.
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
2）当there be结构后面有并列主语时，谓语也和最临近的那个一致。如：
There is a dictionary and many books on the table.
There' re ten chairs and a table in the house.
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and same paper far you.
3）做主语的名词或代词后接with，together with，along with，as well as等短语时，谓语动词一
般和前面名词或代词一致。这些短语前后可用可不用逗号。如：
A woman with a baby is coming to the hospital
The girl, as well as the bays, has learned to drive a car.
第二部分 主语与谓语的一致注意事项
下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。
1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
1）The book is on the table.
2）He is reading English.

3）To work hard is necessary.（It is necessary to work hard.）
4）How you get there is a problem.
2、复数主语跟复数动词。如：
Children like to play toys.
3、在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here, there开头，be 动词与后面第一
个名词一致。如：
1）There is a dog near the door.
2）There were no schools in this area before liberation.
3）Here comes the bus.
4）On the wall were two famous paintings.
5）Here is Mr. Brown and his children.
4、and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。如果主语后跟有with, together with,
except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引
起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如：
1）Jane, Mary and I are good friends.
2）He and my father work in the same factory.
3）His sister, no less than you, is wrong.
4）The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.
5）He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.
6）Every picture except these two has been sold.
7）Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.
8）Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.
9）Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.
5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或 同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠
词。如：
1）The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.
2）Bread and butter is their daily food.
3）The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.
6、and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no, many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
1）Every boy and every girl has been invited to the party.
2）No teacher and no student is absent today.
3）Many a student is busy with their lessons.
7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
1）Each takes a cup of tea.
2）Either is correct.
3）Neither of them likes this picture.
8、由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
1）Is everyone here?
2）Nothing is to be done.
9、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
如：
1）Those who want to go please sign their names here.
2）Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.
3）He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.

10、表示时间 、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，其谓语动词常用单数
形式。如：
1）Three years is not a long time.
2）Ten dollars is what he needs.
3）Five hundred miles is a long distance.
11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（ 如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形
式。如：
1）The United States is in North America.
2）The United Nations has passed a resolution(决议)。
3）“The Arabian Nights”is an interesting book. 《天方夜谭》是一本有趣的书。
12、有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience（听众，观众），government等作主语
时，如看作是一个整 体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：
1）My family is going to have a long journey.
2）My family are fond of music.
3）The class has won the honour.
4）The class were jumping for joy.
13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表
示单数意义，谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如：
1）All of the apple is rotten.
2）All of the apples are rotten.
3）Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具)。
14、the + 形容词（或分词 ）作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念，谓
语动词则用单数形式。如：
1）The young are usually very active.
2）The wounded are being taken good care of here now.
15、or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or, not only…but (also)连接的是主语，谓语
动词与主语一致依“就近原则”。如：
1）Either you or I am going to the movies.
2）Not only you but also he is wrong.
16、不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
1）Water is a kind of matter.
2）The news at six o’clock is true.
17、集合名词如：people, police ,cattle等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
1）The police are searching for him.
2）The cattle are grassing 。
18、population当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数。如：
1）The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
2）One third of the population here are workers.
19、the number of + 名词复数，是表示“…的数字”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；a (large /
great) number of + 名词复数，表示许多，作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式。
1）The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.
2）A number of students have gone for an outing.
20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
注意：

1. and连接的两个或多个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
His opinion and mine are different.
Bob and Peter are good students.
What she says and what she does are totally different.
但是如果and连接的是指一个单一概念时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Bread and milk has been my breakfast for years.
Her lawyer and old friend is going to marry her.
All this effort and sacrifice has come to nothing.
由and连接的单数主语有many a，every，each，no修饰时，动词用单数。如：
During the holidays, every train and every plane was crowded.
No boy and no girl has the right to refuse education.
Many a man and many a woman was moved by this picture。
2. 如果主语是一个抽象概念(如不定式、动名词 、主语从句等)谓语动词用单数形式。如果主语是用and
连接的两个或多个抽象概念，谓语动词用复数 形式。如：
Swimming jogging and cycling are all good farms of sports exercises.
To live to eat is not a very good attitude toward life.
To live to eat and to eat to live are very different attitudes toward life.
以what，who，why，how, whether等wh一词引起的从句做主语时，谓语动词通常用
单数；由and连接的两个主句如果指两件事，动词用复数。如：
What he is doing is not clear yet
What he is doing and whether I know him are two different things.
What she told me is none of your business.
What she told me and what she told you are totally different things.
以what从句为主语的“主一系一表”句型中，如果主句的表语是复数，主句谓语动词
用复数形式; what从句本身是复数意义，主句谓语动词也可用复数。如：
What I need to buy now are four tea cups and a pair of sports shoes.
What were thought to be five dogs were actually five sheep.
3. 集体名词family，class，crew(全体船员或机组人员)，crowd, group, committee, audience,
government, public, team, staff, population等做主语时，若作为一个整体看待，后面谓语动词用单数；
如就其 中每一个成员来考虑时，则用复数。如：
My family is a big one.(我家人多。)
My family are all music lovers.
Eighty percent of China' s population are peasants.
China has a huge population.
The population of China is the largest in the world.
People, police, cattle(牛)，militia(民兵)，poultry(家禽)，vermin(害虫)等作
主语时，后面的动词要用复数。如：
There were many people waiting outside.
The police are searching far the murderer.
The cattle are grazing in the fields.
foliage(树叶)，machinery(机械)，equipment(设 备),furniture(家具)，
merchandise(商品)等通常作不可数名词，动词用单数，如:
The merchandise has arrived undamaged
All the machinery in the factory is made in China.