laundry是什么意思英语非谓语动词经典教(学)案

2020年11月25日发(作者：贝尔纳)
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非谓语动词（6~8分）
第 一 讲：非谓语动词（一）
教学目的： 唤起学生对非谓语概念的理解，使学生掌握判断非谓语动词的方法和
有关词汇的双重用法，掌握非谓语的 三种形式。
教学重点：本节教学重点是判断非谓语动词的方法，有关词汇的双重用法；动名
词的考点。
教学难点：掌握什么时候用非谓语

教学过程：
一、考情分析
非谓语动词在专升本中是一个重要考点，属于每年必考容，主要考查分词做
状语、定语和独立主格结构， 和一些动词的固定搭配。所谓非谓语动词是指不能
作谓语的动词(针对谓语而言)，也不受主语人称和数 的限制，但具有动词的某些
特征。它可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语和同位语。
二、讲课过程
基础知识补充
动词的形式：五种基本形式（为了区别谓语与非谓语外加另外一种不定式形式）
原形 单三 过去式
eat eats ate
(谓语动词形式：即可以单独作谓语)
现在分词 过去分词 不定式
eating eaten to eat
（非谓语动词形式：不能作谓语）
He eats an orange.(主+谓+宾)
I eat an orange.(主+谓+宾)
I ate an orange.(主+谓+宾)
I am eating an orange.(主+谓+宾)
He has eaten an orange.(主+谓+宾)
An orange was eaten by him.(主+谓+宾)
I am to eat an orange.(主+谓+宾)
. . .
.

含义：不能做谓语的动词
1、什么时候用非谓语？
一句话，有谓语，多动作，无连词
Seen from the top of the mountain, our school looks so beautiful.
2、形式：动名词（构成：动词原形+ing）
分词（现在分词、过去分词）
现在分词构成：动词原形+ing
过去分词构成：动词原形+ed 或done；
动词不定式
基本形式：“to+动词原形”，
有时可省去to
非谓语动词的形式如下:

不定式

主动
被动
Ing形式 主动
被动
一般式
to do
to be done
doing
being done
完成时
to have done
to have done
having done
having
done
过去分词

非谓语动词的否定形式：not +不定式，not + 动名词，not + 分词

非谓语动词的语法功能
一、动名词
主语：Reading is my hobby.
宾语：I enjoy reading.
表语：My hobby is reading.
定语：He is in the reading room.
被动完成 done
进行时
to be doing


been
. . .
.
二、现在分词
表语：The book is interesting.
定语：It's an interesting book.
状语：He sat there, reading a newspaper.
宾补：I saw him standing there.
三、过去分词
表语：They were excited at the news.
定语：There are a few minutes left.
状语：Seen from the hill, our school looks beautiful.
宾补：I saw him beaten by Tom.
四、不定式
主语：To catch the train is impossible.
宾语：They need to look at a map.
表语：My work is to clean the classroom.
定语：I have lots of work to do.
状语：I am sorry to trouble you.
宾补：He told me to close the door.
考点
动名词
考点一：动名词作宾语的动词
doing sth. 承认做某事
/suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
/permit doing sth. 允许做某事
iate doing sth. 感激做某事
doing sth. 避免做某事
er doing sth. 考虑做某事
/put off doing sth. 推迟做某事
doing sth. 否认做某事
(enjoy)/dislike doing sth.喜欢/不喜欢做某事
. . .
.
doing sth. 逃脱做某事
doing sth. 喜欢做某事
doing sth. 完成做某事
/prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事
e doing sth. 原谅做某事
up doing sth. 放弃做某事
e doing sth. 想象做某事
doing sth. 保持做某事
n doing sth. 提及做某事
doing sth. 介意做某事
doing sth. 错过做某事
ce doing sth. 练习做某事
t doing sth. 阻止做某事
doing sth. 报告做某事
doing sth. 冒险做某事
doing sth. 停止做某事
词组：devote to,get down to,be accustomed to confess to have
trouble/difficulty (in)doing sth.
例题：He enjoys ___ pop music while I prefer classical music.
A. listen to B. to listen C. listening D. listening to
补充知识：
及物动词：后面必须跟宾语的动词，像buy,reach,give等。
不及物动词：1、单独使用表达完整词义，无需跟宾语。
2、若跟宾语需与介词搭配使用。
Many teenagers feel no difficulty____computers.
A. to learn B. learn C. in learning D. learned
The doctor advises____ less and___more exercise.
eat to take to take
taking eat taking
. . .
.
The student doesn't mind___when he speaks English.
laughed laughed at
be laughed ng at
考点二：在need/require/want/be worth等词后面接动名词主动形式表被动含
义。
need doing=need to be done
The sentence needs____.
e ing
ed improvement
解析：考察need的用法。need doing sth. 某事需要被做。句子与改进之间是被动关系，所以要用到被动。选项里面没有被动形式，但是need的特殊用用法，
可以用主动形式 表被动。所以选项是ing。
The problem is worth_____.
sing discuss
sed be discussed
解析：考察be worth 的用法。be worth 后面不可以跟to do 不定式,只跟动名
词表示被动含义。problem与discuss之间明 显为被动关系，所以正确选项是A。
句意：这个问题值得被讨论。
The garden requires___.
A. watering B. being watered
C. to water D. having watered
答案：A
解析：本题中的require“需要”，与need/want 同义，后接动词ing形式表示
被动。
题干译文：花园需要浇水了。
故选项A. watering正确。
考点三：有些动词后既可以接动名词又可以跟不定式，所表示意义不一样。不
定式表示事情尚未发生，动名词表示事情已经发生。
1、forget to do忘记去做某事
. . .
.
He forgot to invite his teacher to the party.
forget doing 做过某事忘记了
He forgot having reading this book.
2、remember to do sth.记得去做某事
Remember to take an umbrella when you go out.
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
He remembered being taken to Shanghai when he was a child.
3. try to do sth. 尽力去做某事
He tries to make friends with all kinds people.
try doing sth. 试着做某事
She tries making friends with all his classmates.
4. mean to do sth.打算做某事
He means to go abroad.
mean doing sth. 意味着
Giving in means giving up.
5. regret to do sth.遗憾做某事
I regret to say that you are fired.
regret doing sth.后悔做了某事
He regretted having told you the truth.
I didn't mean ___ anything but the cakes looked so good that I couldn't
resist ___ one.
;trying eat;to try
;to try eat;trying
解析：考察动名词的用法。mean to do sth.打算做某事，resist doing sth.
抵制做某事 句意为：我不打算吃任何东西的，但是蛋糕看起来非常好以至于我
不能抵制吃一块。
Don't forget ___your lawyer this weekend.
g
met
meet
. . .
.
解析：考察动名词的用法。forget to do sth.忘记去做某事
forget doing sth.做过某事忘记了。
句意：不要忘记这周末去约见你的律师。
考点四：动名词的逻辑主语。
适用情况： 当动名词的主语与句子主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词
（形容词性物主代词）或者名词所有 格，构成动名词的复合结构。
My mother in law insisted on cooking meat tonight.
My mother in law insisted on my cooking meat tonight.
I vaguely remembers___something like that.
A. that he had said B. him having said
C. his saying D. him to say
解析：remember是及物动词，后面跟名词或者动名词作宾语，如果动名词的逻
辑主语与 句子主语不一致要用其所有格形式，即remember one's doing sth.“记
得某人曾经做过某事”，根据句意可知选项C为最正确选项。
句意：我依稀记得他曾经说过那样的话。
考点五：下列it做形式主语或形式宾语句型中，用动名词做逻辑主语或者逻辑
宾语。
1、It/There is no use (no good, no point, no sense, a waste of time等
名词)+doing sth.
It's no use crying over the spilt milk.
2、It is good/nice/interesting/useless(等形容词)+doing sth.
It is good playing chess after supper.
It is no use ___me not worry about his injury.
A. for you to tell B. your telling
C. you tell D. having told
答案：B
解析：本题考查固定用法。it is no use doing sth“做……没有意义”。
题干译文：我们担心他的伤没有用。
故选项B. your telling正确。
. . .
.

非谓语动词（6~8分）
第 一 讲：非谓语动词（二）
教学目的：让学生掌握分词的分类以及现在分词与过去分词的区别；
让学生掌握现在分词的不同形式的区别。
容分析：本节教学重点区分现在分词与过去分词以及现在分词的时态语态
学情分析：授课学生基础薄弱，词汇缺乏，语法体系不健全，需要细致全面的讲
解。
课时分配：非谓语共12个学时，前4个学时先讲动名词的5个考点。再用4课
时讲解分词的4个考点。 最后4个课时讲解不定式
教学过程：
分词
形式：ing 一般式（表示谓语动作与分词动作发生无先后顺序）
主动 ing
被动 being done（表示正在进行的被动）
完成式（表示分词动作发生在谓语动作之前）
主动 having done
被动 having been done
done 表示过去已经完成的被动
分词的否定形式
分词的否定式，由not+分词构成
eg. Not having heard the news, I wrote to him again.
Eg. Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher
for help.
考点一：分词作状语（五种形式）分词主语与谓语主语一致
解题步骤：
1. 判断分词与主语之间的关系
主动 被动
2. 判断分词动作与谓语动作之前有无先后顺序
主动 无先后 ing
. . .
.
g his uncle would come, he began to make some
preparations.
有先后 having done
eg. Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
被动 无先后 已完成 done
eg. Seen from the sky, the earth looks like a ball.
正进行 being done
eg. Being taken good care of, the little girl recovers very quickly.
有先后 having been done
eg. Having been told many times, he still can't remember her name.
_______ the garden，the old man went to have a rest. (2016)
A．Having been watered B．Watering
C．Having watered D．Being watered
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词（分词做状语）。题 干中无连词有逗号，考查分词做状
语。非谓语动词water是由主语the old man 主动发 出的动作，应用现在分词
-ing的形式；而且浇水water的动作发生在谓语动词动作went之前 ，有明确的
先后顺序，故应用现在分词的完成体having done 的形式。故选项C正确。
题干译文：老人浇完花园后，去休息了。
___, he went to spend the holiday.
A. To pass the exam
B. To have passed the exam
C. Having passed the exam
D. Passing the exam
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词（分词做状语）。题干中无连词有逗 号，考查分词做状
语。非谓语动词pass是与主语he 形成的是主谓关系，所以选择现在分词。有
明确的先后顺序，故应用现在分词的完成体having done 的形式。故选项C正
确。
. . .
.
题干译文：通过考试后，他去度假了。
______ tired after a hard work ,she fell into bed and went straight to
sleep.
A. Felt B. Feeling C. Being felt D. To feel
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词（分词做状语）。题干中无连词有逗号，考查分词做状
语 。非谓语动词feel与主语she 形成的是主谓关系，也就是主动关系，所以选
择现在分词，A，C 选项为被动，D不定式表将来。故选项B正确。
题干译文：辛苦工作后她感觉非常疲惫，躺床上直接睡觉了。
____that there would be a storm, he changed his holiday plan.
A. Having told
B. Having been told
C. To be told
D. To tell
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。首先由题意知，非谓语动词与句子主语he 形成的是
动宾关系，及 他是“被”告诉将会有暴风雨的，所以要用到被动语态。又因为非
谓语与谓语动词之间存在明显的先后顺 序，所以用到现在分词完成式的被动。
题干译文：被告知将会有一场暴风雨后，他改变了他的假期计划。
注意：when，whil e，once，if，unless，though等词可直接引导分词做状语。
但是必须满足两个条件 ：
1. 从句主语与主句主语一致
2. 从句谓语动词含有be动词
Once (it is)seen, it will be forgotten.
After (he was) shot in the leg, he couldn't run any more.
Defeated (= Though he was defeated), he remained a popular boxer.
While walking along the street early in the morning,he saw her.
While watching TV,____.
A. the doorbell rang
. . .
.
B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell
D. we heard the doorbell rings
【答案】C
【解析】考查while引导分词作状语的省略。因为while后 直接跟分词，所以可
知道主从句的主语是同一个。“看电视”的主语一定是we不可能是the
doorbell，所以排数A,B。比较C,D,考察hear的用法，hear sb. do sth. 听见
某人做了某事。所以正确选项是C。
Before you send the letter,____ with Bill to see if the address is right.
A. check B. to check C. checking D. checked
【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句。该 题学生易选成C，但是要注意该题中有一个连接词before
所以是连接两个句子，需要两个谓语。
所以正确选项是A。
考点二：分词作定语（可做后置定语也可作前置定语）
形式：ing being done done
解题步骤：看分词与被修饰名词关系
主动、进行用ing
eg. Do you know the boy standing at the gate?
被动、进行用being done
eg. The bridge being built is very useful.
被动、完成用done
eg. Have you read the book written by Lu Xun.
注：及物动词的过去分词作定语除表示“完成”的动作外，还表被动的意义；
不及物动词的 过去分词常表示完成的动作，而不表示被动
The ____man crawled（爬） across the forest with the
___leaves on the ground.
A. dying...falling
B. died...fallen
. . .