memorycard中考英语定语从句讲解完整版

2020年11月25日发(作者：于文雅)





中考英语定语从句讲解
Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT- NUT108】


定语从句
请看下面的句子：
I want to know the boy who is the tallest.
句子做定语修饰boy
（一）概念:
定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子， 叫定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
（二）定语从句的分类
Ⅰ、限定性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主 句也不完整。
与先行词之间不用逗号。
e.g:This is the book that/which I want.
Ⅱ、非限定性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思
的完整性。 从句一般用逗号同主句分开。
e.g:Mr. Green， who is watching TV，is my uncle.
（三）(限定性)定语从句的结构
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
先行词 关系词 定语从句
关系代词 关系副词
which, who, whom,
whose, that where, when, why
（四）定语从句的实质：二句合一
（合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）
Mary is a girl.
合并为一个句子
She has long hair.
思路：留（保留先行词）---- -舍（舍去与先行词互指的词）----替（用关系词代替
舍去部分）
Mary is a girl who/that has long hair.
请把下列句子二句合一
1. I saw the closed the door
girl is happy. She won the race
man called the police . His wallet was stolen
（五） 定语从句关系词的确定:
a.先行词的分类
b.先行词在从句中充当的成分
1.先行词做主语 人：who/that
物：which/that
2.先行词做宾语 人：who/whom/that
物：which/that
3.先行词做定语 人：whose
物：whose/of which
4.先行词做状语：when, where, why


who, whom, whose, that用法区别.
who /that作定语从句的主语或宾语.
The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
做题思路：先分解——分析——再合并
分解 The man is a worker.
The man is speaking at the meeting.
作主语
Whom /that作定语从句的宾语
The woman（ whom/that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.
分解 The woman is a teacher.
They wanted to visit the woman.
作宾语
注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.
whose 作定语从句的定语.
I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.
分解 I know the girl.
The girl’s mother is a teacher.
作定语
小结：
关系词判断步骤
首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who, that whom,
whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that
然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表
先行词 主语 宾语 定语
人 who, that who(m), that whose
物 which, which, that whose,
that of which
巩固练习：用适当代关系词填空
1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress __________ I gave her.
3. The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.
（六）只能用that,不能用which的情况：
(1)先行词为all, everything，anything，nothing, something, nothing ,few,
little, much, the one等不定代词时；
(2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被the only, the very, the last, any, few,
little , no, all, one of 等修饰时：
(3)先行词为数词或被序数词（含 last)修饰时。
（4）先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。
(5)在以who, which开头的句子中为了避免重复。
口诀：不定代词这一伙，全用that准没错
先行词前有修饰，千万不能用which.
请在以下例句中体会以上规则：
1. Here is something that I will tell you.
haven’t got much that we can offer you.