osage高考英语定语从句详细解析

2020年11月25日发(作者：时逸之)
高考英语定语从句详细解析
在句中修饰名词或代词的从句，因其修饰作用相当于形容 词，故称形容词性从句，即通
常所说的定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，区别定语从句和名词性 从句的最简易的
办法就是看从句前有无被修饰的先行词。引导定语从句的关系词既起着联系作用，同时又 作
定语从句的一个成分。这些关系词包括：
1）关系代词： 先行词为人：________、 _________ 、_______、 ________。
先行词为物：________、 ________、 ________、 ________ 。
2）关系副词：_________ 、_______、 ________。
注意：引导定语从句的关系词和引导名词性从句的连接词有许多是共用的，但它们在从句
中的作用有所不同 ，注意区别。尤其要注意的是
what
只能引导名词性从句，不能引导定语
从句。定语 从句一般紧跟在先行词后，但有时也被一个短语隔开。例如：

I was the only person in my office who was invited.
1．关系代词的用法：关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语等成分。
The comrade ______ visited our class yesterday is our new headmaster.（作主语）
He is no longer the man ______ he used to be. （作表语）
This is the book ______ I referred to in my talk. (作宾语)
Wei Fang is the student ______ home caught fire last week. (作定语)
使用关系代词值得注意以下几点：
① that, which在从句中作主语时，不能省略；作宾语时，在口语和非正式语中经常省略。
whom 也常可省略。例如： He is the man (whom) you have been looking for. （作宾语）
② that, which在从句中作主语时，如果先行词前面有序数词、最高级以及有 the only，the
very等修饰时，只能用that, 不能用which。如果先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing,
none, few, little, much等不定代词；或是先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等不定
代词修饰时,一般要用that，但是something后面既可用t hat也可用which。例如：
Titanic is the best film ______ has been shown this year.
The only thing ______ matters is to find our way home.
This is the very magazine ______ you are after.
I’ll do all ______ I can to help you.
Is there anything ______ I can do for you in town?
There is something ______ keeps worrying me. “有一件事一直令我不安。
③ 如果主句是由 who，which，what 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，先行词后的引导
词要用that，而不用who或which。例如：
Who is the man ______ is reading the newspaper over there?
Which is the dictionary ______ you bought yesterday?
注意：
当先行词是
anyone, those, he, she
等代词表
“
人
”
时，一般用
who
而不用
that
。同时要
注意主谓一致的问题，即从句中谓语动词的数要由
who
所指代的
“
人
”
所决定
.
Anyone who wants a ticket please sign your name here.
Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 p.m.
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
④ whose在定语从句中置于名词之前，充当定语，既可指人，又可指物。whose xx = the xx
of which（指物）/whom（指人）。例如：
Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black. （指物）
=Please pass me the dictionary ___________________ is black.
The doctor, whose name was Johnson, lived in a small town in the north of England. （指人）
=The doctor, _________________ was Johnson, lived in a small town in the north of England.
⑤介词+关系代词的用法
关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。
介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定； 也可结合句意，根据先行词确定。该介词通常
可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：
The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
=The palace _______________ I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
I need a pen ________________ I can write a letter.
a. He was educated at the local high school, ______ he went on to Beijing University. [2007 江苏
卷]
A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that
b. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they can be
controlled on purpose. [2007 重庆卷] A. with which
for which
但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。如：
Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for? ( 这里介词for一般不提前，因为look for是
固定词组，意为“寻找”，介词for若被提前，单个的look意为“看”，句意不符。)
⑥先行词既有人又有物时，引导词只用that。例如：
They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school.
⑦先行词是the way时，且在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的定语从句关系词有三种，例如：
I like the way ______________ the teacher gives his lessons.
Marx told us the way __ we could learn a foreign language well. A. why B. how C. which D.
when
2．关系副词的用法
B. to which C. of which D.
关系副词when, where, why, 在从句中充当状语，分别可表时间、地点或原因 。但要注意与
先行词在从句中做主语或宾语的情况相区别。
I will never forget the day ________ I first came to Beijing.
This is the house ________ Lu Xun once lived.
Can you tell me the reason ______ you sold your new car?
Eg. I will remember the cottage ____ I built with my wife ten years ago.
A. where B. that C. in which D. in that
I will remember the cottage ____ I was shut with my wife ten years ago.
A. where B. that C. which D. in that
Eg. Have you asked her for the last reason _______ may explain her absence?
A. why B. that C. because that D. which
It is for this reason ____ the clear sky over the mountain appears blue.
A. for which B. why C. because D. that
c. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases beginners of English fail to use the language
properly. A. which B. as C. why D. where
d. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity __ sight matters more than
hearing.
A. when B. whose C. which D. where
3．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句对先行词起限定 作用，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，去掉后主句意
义就变得不明确，这种主句和从句的关系十分密 切，主句与从句之间没有逗号分隔。例如：
This is a shop that sells personal computers. // The watch that I bought yesterday works
well.
非限制性定语从句与主句之间的关系相对松散 一些，它对先行词起补充说明作用，去掉后
不影响主句意义。因此，一些具有区别意义的专有名词及一些 表示“唯一”概念的人或物后
面常用此类从句。这类从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。例如：
We are all proud of the Great Wall, which is one of the man-made wonders of the world.
My father, who is a doctor, often encourages me to work hard.
e. Eric received training in computer for one year, ___ he found a job in a big company. [2007 辽
宁卷]
A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this
一种特殊的非限制性定语从句
在非限制性定语从句中，有时根据句子意思，常把
some, any, none, all, both, several, many,
most, neither, either
等词、分数或百分比与
of whom
或
of which
连用。同时要注意主谓一致
的问题，即从句中谓语动词的数要由
xx of whom
或
xx of which
所指代的
“
人
”
或
“
物
”
所决定
.
He has five children, two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children, and _______ are
abroad.)
f. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it. [2007 安徽
卷]
A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom
4．定语从句中as的用法
1）as引导的限制性定语从句：
当先行词前有as, the same, such, so修饰时，关系代词常用as。例如：
As many members as were present agreed to the plan.
I’d like to have the same books ___________________ 与你们学校用的一样.
He is not such a person ____________________.我期待的那个人
2）as引导的非限制性定语从句与which引导的非限制性定语从句的异同
which和as都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换：
Our team lost the game, as/which was reported in the newspaper.
She was terrified, as/which I could see from her eyes.
区别：as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、插在 主句中间或放在主句末尾；而
which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在先行词后面或主句后面。例如 ：
As anybody can see, the elephant is like a snake.
=The elephant, _________________, is like a snake.
=The elephant is like a snake,__________________.
Mary was late again, which made the teacher angry.（此处不能用as, 为什么？看课后作业第
21题）
as引导的从句有“正如”、“正像”之意，而which则无此意。常用句型有
：
as we all know, as
is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected
等。
如：
As we all know, paper was first made in China.
as 引导的从句在意义上不能与主句相抵触，而which不受此限制。试比较：
He did the experiment successfully, _______ had been expected.
He failed in the experiment, ________ was unexpected.
5. 随堂练习：
1. I have many friends, some are businessmen.
A．of them B．from which C．who of D．of whom
D. neither of whom