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severe什么意思初中英语语法 定语从句 专题讲解 (含教案及练习题)

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2020-11-25 22:21
tags:初三英语, 英语, 初中教育

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2020年11月25日发(作者:钮永建)


初中英语语法 定语从句 专题讲解
学生通过本课学习,能够掌握 定语从句的概念、知识要点和用法,并在综合能力上有一定的应用。

☆课堂回顾:英语句子结构——定语:
一、什么是定语
定语是对名词或代词起修饰 、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语通常位
于被修饰的成分前。
He is a clever boy.(形容词作定语)
His father works in a steel work.(名词作定语)
There are 54 students in our class.(数词)
Do you known betty’s sister?(名词所有格)
He bought some sleeping pills.(现代分词)
His spoken language is good.(过去分词,相当于形容词)

基础操练:请画出下列句中的定语。
1. What is your family name?
2. The boy in blue is Tom.
3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
4. There are five boys who will play the game.

★本课知识点:定语从句的知识要点

定语从句
课本例句导入:
the teacher who teaches us maths is a young man.
the restaurant where we had our lunch last time is in tha 17th street.
the book that you borrowed from me yesterday is helen's.
一、定语从句的概念: 定语从句属于形容词性从句,用来修饰主句中的名词性成分,如主语、宾语。
定语从句在英语阅读材料里处处可见。它是初中阶段的重要语法内容,也是学好英语的重难点。
首先我们了解一下定语:
一本有趣的书 an interesting book 形容词interesting做定语修饰名词book
一位漂亮的女孩a beautiful girl 形容词beautiful做定语修饰名词 girl
★定语就是在句子中修饰名词或代词的词。
我们还可以说成 :
a book that is interesting that is interesting这个句子做定语修饰名词book
a girl who is beautiful who is beautiful这个句子做定语修饰名词girl

1

interesting 和that is interesting作用是相同的,都是用作定语来修饰名词book, 我们把这种 ★在复
合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
观察下面的句子,请根据上面的定义找出下列句子中的定语:
①Mary is a beautiful girl. 定语是
②Jane is a girl who has long hair. 定语是
③The pen that I bought yesterday is broken. 定语是

二、定语语从句掌握要点: 1)先行词(即主句中需要被修饰的关键词)
2)引导词(也叫关系词)
要学好定语从句,首先应该了解定语从句的相关术语:
★先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。如下面例句中的music。
★关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
①关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, 关系副词有where, when, why等。
②关系词的三个作用: 1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词
3、在定语从句中that / which/ who/ whom 作主语或宾语
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。初中主要学习限制性定语从句

(一)关系代词的使用:
本次课,我们先学习由关系代词引导的定语从句。如下面例句中的that/
which就是关系代词。
I like music that / which I can dance to.

【疑点之一】如何选用关系代词呢?关系代词在定语从句中又作何成分呢?
【答疑解难】
关系代词
That
which
Who
whom
whose

在从句中的作用
作主语或宾语
作主语或宾语
作主语(在口语或非正式文体中也常用
作宾语)
是who的宾格,作宾语 指人
是who的所有格,作后面名词的定语 指人或物从属关系 (谁的…)
指代的对象
指人或物
指物(可与that互换)
指人(可与that互换)
【总结】:
(1)当先行词指人时,可用that, who, whom;引导词在从句做主语时,用that或 who都可以,在从
句中作宾语时只用whom;
(2)当先行词指物时用that或 which,既可做主语也可做宾语;
(3)whos e既可指人又可指物,其中whose在句中做定语,表示一种所有关系。这些关系代词在定
语从句中作 主语和宾语,作主语时关系代词不可省略,作宾语时可以省略。
例如:
①I like music(先行词)that / which(关系代词)I can dance to.
②I love singers(先行词)who / that(关系代词)write their own songs.
③The girl(先行词)whom(关系代词)you met days ago moved to another city.


2

在①句中,关系代词that / which在从句中作宾语,可以省略。
在②句中,关系代词who / that 在从句中作主语,不可以省略。
在③句中,关系代词whom 在从句中作宾语,可以省略。(注意:在口语中常用who代替whom)

【疑点之二】定语从句中谓语动词的单复数如何确定?
【答疑解难】关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词在人称和数上须和先行词保持一致。如:
①That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookstore.
②The old woman who is wearing a pair of glasses is my grandma.

【疑点之三】The city( that / which )she lives in is very far away. = The city in which she lives is very
far away. 定语从句中介词的位置是怎样的?
【答疑解难】关系代词做介词的宾语时,介词不能放在that, who的前面,但可以放在which, whom的
前面,构成“介词+which/whom”结构 。但是,有些有介词的固定动词词组,其介词不可前置,只能跟
在动词后面,如look for.
The man you just talked to is Mr Zhang. = The man to whom you just talked is Mr Zhang.
This is the person whom you are looking for. (介词for 不能放在whom前面)
【答疑解难】不是的,在以下几种情况下,只能用that而不能用which。
①. 当先行词是不定代词(anything, everything, nothing, something, few, all, little等)时,引导词只用that。
Have you written down everything that Mr. Lin has said? 你写下林先生所说的每样东西了吗?
All that can be done has been done.能做的所有事情都己经做了。
There is little that I can do for you. 我能为你做的事几乎没有了。
②. 当先行词由以下词修饰时,引导词只用that. 这些词有:only, very, the same, the last, all, any, some,
no, little, few等。如:
That is the very dress that I want to buy. 那正是我要买的裙子。
English is the only subject that I like. 英语是我唯一喜欢的科目。
Cleaning the room again is the last thing that I can do for you.再次打扫房间是我能为你做的最后一
事。
③. 当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,引导词只用that.
This is the fifth school that I have taught so far. 这是我目前为止教过的第5所学校。
Mr. Li’s class is the most interesting one that I have ever had. 李老师的课是我上过的最有趣的课。
④. 当先行词有人又有物时,只能用that。如:
Can you remember the writer and his books that we have reported?
你记得我们报道过的那位作家和他的书吗?
⑤在there be句型中,指物时只能用that. 不用which; 指人时,多用who,不用that.
There is a street that is very busy every night.
There is a lady who wants to meet you.

(二)关系副词的使用:

当先行词既不是人也不是物,而是时间、地点、原因等时,就要用到关系副词来引导定语从句了。
(1).先行词是时间, 地点,原因并在从句中作状语时, 引导词分别用when, where, why, 也可以用
“介词+which”结构。如:
I wanted to know the day when he was born.
=I wanted to know the day on which he was born.
我想知道他出生在哪一天。


3

同时系数-hezi


minorities-陷害


mounts-filsh


入学时间-fater


引文翻译-忘记英文


graduates-1839


refrigerant-女王陛下


kuw-辞海在线



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