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高中英语语法解析---名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名
词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位 语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中
不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语 从句和同位语从句。
一.主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动 词之前或由形式主语
代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
that。
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平 衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而
it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调 的是什么成分,都可用连词
被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如:
你不去看那场电 影真可惜。
我对你成功与否不感兴趣。
谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型)
a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.
d) It is John that broke the window.
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is +名词+从句
It is a fact that …
It is an honor that
It is common knowledge that
(2) It is +形容词+从句
很自然…
奇怪的是…
似乎…
碰巧…
似乎…
据 报道…
已证实…
据说…
:
It is natural that…
It is strange that…
(3) It is +不及物动词+从句
It seems that…
It happened that…
It appears that…
(4) It +过去分词+从句
It is reported that…
It has been proved that…
It is said that…
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2)It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.
错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.
(3)It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him.
(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
正确表达:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
错误表达:Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.
事实是…
…非常荣幸
…是常识
it
b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.
是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型)
(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例 如:
正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely?
4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而
不然。例如:
a) What you said yesterday is right.
b) That she is still alive is a consolation
二.宾语从句
宾语从句 就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词
之后。
1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如:
I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:
a) She did not know what had happened.
一下笔记。
(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2. 作介词的宾语,例如:
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
于我们之间的合作。
3. 作形容词的宾语,例如:
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。
anxious, aware, certain, confident,
that 从句的看作原因状语从
我们的成功取决
她对我说她 会接受我的邀请。
她不知道发生了什么。
我想知道你是否能帮我改b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(及物动词) 或介词
that 则
注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:
convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed,
annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的
句。
4. it 可以作为形式宾语
it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语
特别是在带 复合宾语的句子中。例如:
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
that引导的宾语
that 从句则放在句尾,
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love,
help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用从句。如:
正确表达:I admire their winning the match.
错误表达:I admire that they won the match.
6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常 见的有envy, order,
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