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两国一制英语定语从句考点全面解析

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-11-25 23:50
tags:高三英语, 英语, 高中教育

十六-雷峰

2020年11月25日发(作者:叶志翔)
第二部分 考点透析
1. 定语从句顾名思义就是起修饰限定作用的句子, 故又称形容词性从句。
同其它从句相比较,其引导词本身在从句中充当一定的成分,这是学习定语从句的一个
关键点, 例如:当that引导定语从句时,通常用作关系代词,而引导名词性从句时,是个不
充当任何成分的连 接词,宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。
2. 关系词:that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why
2.1关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充 当主语、宾语、定语等成
分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持 一致。
2.1.1 who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代 词,在从句中做主语和宾语。whom在定语从句中
做宾语,常可省略, 并在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替。
例如:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中做主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
Mr Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
2.1.2 whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。例如:
We all helped the student whose father is a teacher.
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
2.1.3 which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可做主语、宾语等, 做宾语
时常可省略。
例如:
Football is a game which/that is liked by most boys.
The factory which / that makes computers is far away from here.
This is the pen ( which/that ) he bought yesterday.
The season that / which comes after spring is summer.
2.2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词在从句中作状语,表示时间、地点或理由。相当于“介词+ which”结构。此处的
介词一般应是能同先行词搭配的介词。
2.1.1关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which” 结构,因此常常和“介词+
which”结构交替使用。例如:
I still remember the day when (on which) I went to school for the first time.
Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.
Is this the reason why(for which)he did not go to school ?
2.3 特殊引导词:先行词和关系词二合一
1.1 Whoever= anyone who
Whoever smokes in public will be punished here.
1.2 What = all that / the thing which
The parents will use what they have to send their son to college.
What you want has been sent here.
1.3 Whatever = anything that
You can take whatever you like.
Whatever you say will be examined.
2.3 关系词的省略
在下列情况下,关系代词或关系副词在非正式文体中可以省略。
2.3.1 关系代词that, which, who, whom在定语从句中做宾语时,常可省略。
Are these keys (that /which) you are looking for?
The man (who/that) I was sitting next to on the plane talked all the time.
2.3.2 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导,而且通常可以省
略。
I don't like the way (that/ in which) she walks.
The way (that/in which) he answered the questions was surprising.
2.3.3在The time、every time、each time、the moment, the time when, the place where, the reason
why结构中,when, where, why可省略。
I shall never forget the day (when) we first met.
That's the place (where) he stayed when he was in the country.
By the time (when) he was fourteen years old, Einstein had learnt advanced mathematics all
by himself.
The reason (why) he did that is quite clear.

2.4 that 和 what 在做关系词时的用法区别
当that引导定语从句时,通常用作关系代词,而引导名词性从句时,是个不充当任何成
分的 连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句,用作连
接代词,作 从句的具体成分,且不能省略。例如:
I think(that)you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.

3. 定语从句类型
3.1 限制性和非限制性定语从句
3.1.1 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉
它主句意思往往不明 确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的
意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分 开。例如:
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
3.1.2 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要
用第三人称单数。例如:
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
3.3 关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
3.2 分割性定语从句
3.2.1 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句与先行词 之间有时也会插入别的成分,
但有时候定语从句如果紧接先行词会引起主句头重脚轻或句意分隔等问题, 此时,从句和先
行词被其他成分分隔。例如:
He was the only person in this country who was invited
The village has developed a lot where we learned farming two years ago. (2007 福建)
4. as 与which在引导定语从句时的比较
4.1. 在非限制性定语从句中,均可替代整个主句或句中某 个部分,在从句中做主语,宾语,
表语.如从句在主句之后,两者皆可用。
As we know, smoking is harmful to our health.
As is known, smoking is harmful to our health.
He married her, as/which was natural.
He was honest, as/which we can see.
4.2如从句在主句之前,用as,不能用which.
As we all know, his parents were killed in this war.
As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun.
4.3 as 在引导非限制性定语从句时,用来指一件事,它的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾
He is an American, as/which we know from his accent.
As we know from his accent, he is an American.
He, as we know from his accent, is an American.
As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules.
Grammar, as has been said above, is not a set of rules.
Grammar is not a set of dead rules, as/which has been said above.
4.4如关系代词代表主句全句意思,有“正如...”“就象...”之意时,用as
We won the match, as we had expected.
He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.
4.5当先行项被the same, such, so修饰时,用as
This is the same book as you bought yesterday.
I never give my students so difficult a question as no one can work out.
比较:the same…as… 与the same… that…
This is the same book as you bought yesterday. (同一类书)
This is the same book that you bought yesterday. (同一本书)
4.6当从句位于句尾,且当从句内容对主句内容起消极作用,则用which。
The young man cheated his friend out of much money, which was shameful.
4.7当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which.
Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
4.8 as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中做主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词; 若为行为动
词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
It rained all day, which spoiled our plan to visit the Expo.
4.9一些由as引导的定语从句常位于句首,已形成了固定的说法, 常常含有“正如。。。。。。”
as is known to all as has been said before
这是众所周知的 如前所说
as is often the case as may be imagined
情况常常如此 这可以想象得出
as has been pointed out as often happens
正如已经指出的那样 这种情况常常发生
as you may still remember as has been mentioned above
正如你记的那样 正如上面提到的那样
5. 几个重点:
5.1只能用that做关系词的情况
5.1.1主句是There be 结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如:
There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.
5.1.2 在不定代词,some-, any-, every-和no与-body, -thing的合成不定代词, 如:everything,
nothing, anything, something, 以及 much, little, none,the one, any, few, all,some、that、those
等不定代词。
All that we have to do is to practice every day.
We should do all that is useful to the people.
There's nothing that can be said about it.

信号英文-cele


breathless-怀特岛


triumphant-焦糖色素


translational-约束力


好的英文-初见成效


reveals-注资


ballroom-竹板


人事部门-音乐发烧友



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