remedy什么意思人教版高中英语选修七讲义Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar——限制性定语从句

2020年11月26日发(作者：伍禅)

Section Ⅲ Grammar——限制性定语从句

语 境 自 主 领 悟
先观察原句
1.I know you're dying to hear all about my life here，so I've included some photos
which will help you picture the places I talk about.
boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping
out of the windows.
walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge
from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley
below.
only possessions I could see were one broom，a few tin plates and cups and
a couple of jars.
后自主感悟
1.所有例句中黑体部分都是限制性定语从句。
2.例句1中黑体部分 包括两个定语从句：which引导的定语从句修饰表物的先
行词some photos，在从句中作主语；I talk about是省略了关系代词
that/which(在从句中作宾语)的定语从句，修饰表物的先行词the places。
3.例句2中黑体部分为who引导的定语从句修饰表人的先行词The boys，who
在从句中作主语。
4.例句3中黑体部分为from where引导的定语从句修饰表物的先行词a ridge。
5.例句4中黑体部分为省略了关系代 词that(在从句中作宾语)的定语从句，修
饰表物的先行词The only possessions。

一、定语从句的相关概念
1．定语从句
在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2．先行词
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被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词
引导定语从句的词 叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，
whose，as等)和 关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。关系词通常有三个作用：
(1)连接定语从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。
4．限制性定语从句
用来修饰和限制先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切，它所修饰的先行 词
代表一个(些)或一类特指的人或物，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况，如果
去掉，则 意思含混不清。
She is the girl that you want to know.(限制性定语从句)
她是你想认识的女孩。
He seems not to have grasped what I meant，which greatly upsets me.(非限制性
定语从句)他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我很心烦。
[即时训练1] 用适当的关系词填空
①The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was
2017.
②The little girl that/whom/who I spoke to just now is my sister.
二、关系代词的基本用法
关系代词
who
whom
which
that
as
whose
先行词
人
人
物
人或物
人或物
人或物
在从句中充当的成分
主语、宾语、表语
宾语
主语、宾语、表语
主语、宾语、表语
主语、宾语、表语
定语
The old man (who/whom/that) we visited yesterday is a famous artist.
我们昨天拜访的那位老人是位著名的艺术家。
Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing.
王小姐正在照顾一个父母去了北京的小孩。
This is the textbook (that /which) he is looking for.
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这就是他正在找的课本。
[名师点津]
定语从句中的主谓一致
当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的数原则上要与先行词保持
一致，但要注意以下 几点：先行词是“one of＋复数名词”结构时，关系代词引导
的定语从句中的谓语动词一般用复数形式；但如有the very，the only，the first，the
last，the right等修饰one时，谓语动词用单数。
This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.
这是被问过的最有意思的问题之一。
She is the only one of the girls who studies hard.
她是这些女孩中唯一一个刻苦学习的。
[即时训练2] 用适当的关系词填空
①I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.
②We'll reach the sales targets in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the
year.
三、使用关系代词的注意事项
1．who可取代whom在从句中作动 词的宾语，也可省略。如果whom在从句
中作介词的宾语，且介词提前只能用whom。
This is the pilot (who/whom) I bought a camera for.＝ This is the pilot for whom
I bought a camera.
这个就是我给他买照相机的飞行员。
2．whose既表示人又表示物，在 从句中作定语，往往修饰名词，whose常表
达“某人的、某物的”之意。whose表示物时，wh ose＋名词＝the＋名词＋of which。
Please pass me the book whose cover(＝the cover of which) is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3．指物时用that而不用which的情况
(1)当 先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，something，none ，few，little，
much等不定代词时。
All (that) the graduate lacks is practice.
那位毕业生缺少的只是实践。
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(2)当先行词被very，both，the only，all等修饰时。
This is the only coat that I have.
这是我拥有的唯一的外套。
(3)当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰或序数词修饰时。
This is the most attractive match that I have watched.
这是我所看过的比赛中最吸引人的一场。
(4)当并列的两个先行词(分别表示人和物时)被同一个从句修饰时，关系代词用
that。
She took photos of people and things (that) she was interested in.
她给她所感兴趣的人和物拍照。
(5)主 句是以who，which，what开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句一般用that
引导，不用who 或which。
Who was the person that helped the girl out?
帮助那个女孩摆脱困境的是谁？
(6)当关系代词在从句中作表语时，常用that。
Your disease is not the case that it used to be.
你的病已经不是过去的情况了。
4．用as引导限制性定语从句的情况
(1)such＋名词＋as...“像……一样的……”
Do you have such books as we like?
你有我们喜欢的那种书吗？
(2)the same＋名词＋as...“和……同样……”
It's the same person as we wanted to find yesterday.
他/她就是我们昨天要找的人。
(3)as＋形容词＋名词＋as...“像……一样的……”
She will marry as wealthy a man as she can find.
她将嫁给一个她能找到的有钱人。
5．用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句的情况
有时从句中的介词可以提前到关系代词之前，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构，
关系代词可以用which ，whose，whom，不可以用that。其选择依据如下：
(1)根据定语从句中动词或形容词等的习惯搭配。
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