diphallia2019年高考英语语法专题考点梳理与练习---定语从句

2020年11月26日发(作者：路镦)
2019年高考英语语法专题考点梳理与练习
定语从句
一、考点梳理。

1.考查which/who(m)引导的非限制性定语从句

which引导非限制性定语从句，用以指代整个主句的内容，或主句中某个词或
短语的内容。

【例】She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.

A. them B. who C. whom D. these

【答案】C

【例】 By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself
or herself,_____can be very eye-opening and rewarding.

A. who

【答案】B

【解析】which在此引导非限制性定语从句，which在定语从句 中作主语，表示
前面所提到的情况。

【例】 Chan's restaurant on Baker Street,___________used to be poorly run,
is now a successful business.

A. that D. where

【答案】B

【解析】which used to be poorly run为非限制性定语从句，其中的which指
代前面的Chan's restaurant。

2.考查as引导的非限制性定语从句

as也可指代整个主句的内容，但不同于which的是，它引导的定语从句既可
以位于主句的前面，也 可以位于主句的后面。它的意思是“正如”，as在这些从
句中作主语或宾语。

【例】____I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at
the next meeting.

A. When D. Since

【答案】C

【解析】as引导非限制性定语从句，其意为“正如”。句意：正如我在 电话中解
释的那样，你的要求将在下次会议上予以考虑。

【例】____is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.

A. Which D. As

【答案】D

【解析】引导非限制性定语从句且位于主句之前，用as引导。句意：总 是这样，
我们已经制定出了生产计划。

3.考查由“介词十关系代词”引导的定语从句

“介词十关系代词”结构中 的关系代词主要是which或whom，不能是that;
其中的介词则要根据句子中的相关搭配来确 定。

【例】 He was educated at the local high school, _________he went on to
Beijing University.

A. after which that which that

【答案】A

4.考查由...of which引导的定语从句

这类结构主要表示所属关系、同位关系或整体与部分的关系。

(1) It is reported that two schools,_____are being built in my hometown,
will open next year.

A. they both both of them D. both of which

【答案】D

【解析】both of which are being built in my hometown为非限制性定语从句，
其中的which指代前面的two schools。

(2) We shouldn't spent our money testing so many people, most
of_________are healthy.

A. that D. whom

【答案】D

【解析】由于先行词为so many peopl e，故关系代词只能用whom，而不能用其
他三个选项。其中的of表示整体与部分的关系，most of whom意为“他们当中
的大多数”。

5.考查由where，when，why引导的定语从句

关系副词whe re，when，why引导定语从句时，它们分别在从句中充当地点
状语、时间状语和原因状语。

【例】Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an
activity____sight matters more than hearing．

A. when D. where

【答案】D

【例】The book was written in 1946, _________the education system has
witnessed great changes.

A. when which then D. since when

【答案】D

【解析】since when中的when指1946，since when指的是since 1946，即指
“自1946年起”。注意不要误选C，如果将C改为and since then，则可选C。

6.考查whose引导的定语从句

此时要注意三点：(1) whose引导的定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成“whose+
名词”；(2) whose引导的定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物；(3)
whose引导的定语从句指物时，可用of which代替whose，但词序不同，即whose+
名词=the+名词+of which。

【例】Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,
from_____effects the people are still suffering.

A. that D. what

【答案】B

【解析】whose引导的定语从句，表示所属关系。此处whose effects指the
flood’s effects.句意：上个月亚洲的东南部受到洪水的袭击，现在人们仍然
遭受其苦。

【例】 George Orwell, _________was Eric Arthur, wrote many political
novels and essays.

A. the real name his real name

C. his real name D. whose real name

【答案】D

【解析】whose引导的定语从句，表示所属关系。此处whose real name指George
Orwell’s real name.

7.考查分隔式定语从句

即所考查的定语从句与先行词之间插有其他修饰语 。做题时应撇开其中的修
饰语，直接将先行词与定语从句联系起来。

【例】The film brought the hours back to me________I was taken good care
of in that faraway village.

A. until D. where

【答案】C

【解析】先行词是the hours，back to me是插入先行词与定语从句之间的干扰
成分。

【例】 It was an exciting moment for these football fans this
year,________for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.

A. that

【答案】D

【解析】定语从句修饰的先行词是an exciting moment。其在定语从句中作时间
状语，故用when。

8.考查关系词省略的限制性定语从句

能被省略的关系代词主要是用作宾语 的that，which，whom，who等，且只
限于限制性定语从句中。另外，the way后接定语从句修饰时，也可省略关系代
词。

【例】--Why does she always ask you for help

--There is no one else________,is there

A. who to turn to . can tum to

C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn

【答案】B

【例】 What surprised me was not what he said but_______he said it.

A. the way B. in the way that

C. in the way D. the way which

【答案】A

【解析】考查the way后接定语从句的用法。the way后接定语从句有三种用法：
用in which引导；用that引导；省略关系词。此题属于第三种用法。

9.考查定语从句与其他知识点的综合运用

【例】 He is the only one of the students who________a winner of scholarship
for three years.

A. is been D. has been

【答案】D
< br>【解析】此题形式上好像只是考查主谓一致和时态的运用，实际上关键是确定先
行词。代词one 前是否有定冠词决定定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式，one of
the students中的先行词是the students，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数形式；
但此处the only one of the students中的先行词是the only one，所以定语
从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。而且句中因为有状语for three years，要用
现在完成时，所以综合判断后答案是D。

【例】 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,
________I will always treasure.

A. that D. what

【答案】B

二、要点点拨

在复合句中修饰名 词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行
词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词， 关系代词有that, which, who,
whom, whose, as，关系副词有when, where, why。

一、关系词的基本用法

who 指人，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语

whom 指人，在从句中作宾语

whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语

that 指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语

which 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语

关
系
代
as 指人、物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语

关
系
when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语

副
where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语

why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语

（1）The man (whom /who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher.

（2）The book which/ that tells us about the earth is interesting.

（3）She lives in a house whose windows faces south.

（4）Do you know the boy whose father is an English teacher

（5）I have never heard such stories as he tells.

（6）I’ll never forget the day when /on which I joined the army.

（7）I won’t forget the factory where / in which my father worked.

（8）Tell me the reason why you came late.

二、必须用“that”引导的定语从句

1、当先行词是不定代词all，little, few, much, anything , everything, none,
nothing, no one, some等时。

He did everything that he could to help us.

2、先行词被all, every, no , some, any , little, much, the only, the very,
the right, last , few , just 等修饰时。

The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.

3、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词
最高级时。

This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.

4、当先行时前有such 或the same修饰时，先行词和关系代词指同一物时。

She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.

5、先行词既有人又有物时，

Later they talked of things and persons that they remembered in the
school.

6、当主句是以who或which开始时的特殊疑问句时，

Who is the boy that won the gold medal

7、在同一个句子里，若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用了which， 另一
个宜用that.

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been
seen before.