consier【教育资料】牛津上海版高二上英语 第8讲---定语从句学习精品

2020年11月26日发(作者：夏东旭)
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定语从句知识点复习
1.复习限制性定语从句三要素，梳理和复习定语从句的基本知识及解题技巧。
学习目标 2.弄清限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别和基本解题技巧。
3.定语从句中常犯错误总结。
教学内容


1、 上次课后巩固作业复习；
2、 互动探索

(Chorus)
She is the one that you never forget
She is the heaven-sent angel you met
Oh, she must be the reason why God made a girl
She is so pretty all over the world

She puts the rhythm, the beat in the drum
She comes in the morning and the evening she's gone
Every little hour every second you live
Trust in eternity that's what she gives





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定语从句
【知识梳理1】定语从句的概念
修饰某一名词或者代词的从句叫定语从句(Attributive Clause）
The man （who lives next to us）sells vegetable.
You must do everything （that I can do）.

【知识梳理2】定语从句的分类
1. 限制性定语从句: 与先行词关系密切, 如果没有定语从句, 主句不完整, 且与先行词之间无逗号。
eg: He asked me a question which was about my study at school.他问了一个有关我在学校学习的问题。如果
后面的定语从句去掉，句子意思显然不完整。

2. 非限制性定语从句: 对先行词起补充说明作用, 如果删除, 主句意义仍然完整, 与先行词之间有逗号。
eg: On the desk there are twenty books, three of which are mine.
My aunt Alice ,whom I haven’t seen for years, is coming next month.
注意：显然，去掉下划线部分定语从句，意思仍然没有多大影响。
★ that不能用于非限制性定语从句。

【知识梳理3】定语从句要点 ：跟定语从句相关的最关键的最两个词：
① 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
② 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
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关系代词：who/whom (指代人), which（指代物），that（指代人/物），as, whose.
关系词的分类:
关系副词：when （指代时间），where (指代地点)，why (指代原因)
1. 引导定语从句

关系词的功能: 2. 代替先行词

3. 在定语从句中担当一个句法成分

【知识梳理4】指人的关系代词: who / whom / that
先行词在从句中作主语 ：A doctor is a person who / that looks after people’s health.
先行词在从句中作宾语 ：Mr White invited many friends to his party (who / whom / that) he respected much.
关系代词前有介词：Nancy is the right person on whom you can depend.

【巩固练习】
1. The six blind men asked for money from people _________ by.
A. passed B. who passed C. who were passed D. who passing
2. Mr. Brown is the very person ________ can help us to solve the problem.
A. which B. whom C. that D. of whom
3. Ms Chancery is the teacher __________ .
A. I like her best B. I like best C. that I like her best D. whom like best
4. The years and months ________ we spent together are really wonderful to us all.
A. when B. on which C. in which D. that
5. The woman_________ was John's wife.
A. I spoke to her
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B. whom I spoke to her
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C. that I spoke D. I spoke to
6. Chapin ________ money is now no problem, will start a new film company with his friends.
A. whose


【知识梳理5】指物的关系代词: which / that
先行词在从句中作主语：The river which / that runs through the city brings us lots of pleasure.
先行词在从句中作宾语：The book (which / that) you just laid on the shelf is mine.
关系代词前有介词： Here is the money with which I will buy a piano.
注意：1. 用that而不用 which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, a few, much， a little等；
②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；
③先行词有the only, the very, 等词修饰；
④先行词既有人又有物时；
⑤若前面有疑问词which,为了避免重复，关系代词用that。
2. 用which而不用 that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句,只用which指物；
②引导非限制性定语从句时代表整个主句的意思；
③介词 + 关系代词，只用which指物;
④先行词本身是that,关系代词用which.

【巩固练习】
1. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.
2. Wow! Look at the man and his horse are running down the road.
3. There is nothing can prevent him from doing it.
4. The first place ________ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
5. This is the best film _______ I have ever seen.
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B. which C. for whom D. who
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6. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner ________ he knows.
7. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, , of course, made all the others upset.
8. October 15th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.

【知识梳理6】表示所有格：whose(既表示人的所有也表示物的所有)
表示人的所有： The girl whose father is a model worker is our monitor.
表示物的所有： I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
★the + 名词+of + whom (which) 的结构= whose + 名词，下面三句意思相同，例如：
1. The river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
2. The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
3. The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea.
1） There are twenty students, whose backgrounds are different.
2） There are twenty students, the backgrounds of whom are different.
3） There are twenty students, of whom the backgrounds are different.

【巩固练习】
1. Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
2 In the police station I saw the man from _______ room the thief had stolen the TV set.
A. whom B. which C. that D. whose
3. It was a meeting ______ importance I didn't realize at that time.
A. which B. of which C. that D. whose
4. The classroom ________ face south is ours.
A. whose window B. whose windows C. which window D. that window
5. This book is specially written for the students _______ native language is not English.
A. who's
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B. that C. their D. Whose
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【知识梳理7】as作关系代词的用法
as引导的定语从句常出现于the same…as…,such…as…,as…as…和so…as…结构中。
当定语从句的先行词被the same，such，as 或so修饰时，关系代词可选as，且不能省略。
Let’s meet at the same place as we did yesterday.
注意：★ the same…as… vs the same…that…
指代相似的人或物 指同一人或物
This is the same watch as I lost. Where did you buy it?
This is the same watch that I lost. Please return it to me.

★ such…as… vs such…that…
It is such a difficult problem as no one can work out.
It is such a difficult problem that no one can work it out.
区别: as引导定语从句，指代的先行词在从句中充当成分，翻译成“像…那样”.
that引导状语从句，只起连接作用，翻译成“如此…以至于…”.

★ as 和 which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整句话的内容，
区别： which 不能置于句首，翻译成“这，这件事”
as 可以放在句首，翻译成“正如…” 谓语动词经常为know, see, suggest, turn out
As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun.
As was expected beforehand, the concert was very successful.
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very high.

【巩固练习】
1. I have bought the same dress ________ she is wearing.
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A. as
2.
B. that C. which D. what
I'd like to buy the same book ________ was read by Tom yesterday.
A. which B. as C. that D. B or C
3. That is the same man _________ asked me for money yesterday.
A. as B. which C. that D. A or C
4. She is the same girl ________ I sat next to in class last week.
A. as B. who C. that D. A or C
5. Keep away from such things _________ will do you harm.
A. as B. that C. to which D. which
6. It wasn't such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.
A. that
7.
B. as C. which D. what
He spoke for such a long time ________ people began to fall asleep.
A. that B. as C. which D. what
8. He is not such a fool ________ he looks.
A. that B. as C. who D. whom
9. It is such a difficult problem ________ nobody can work out.
A. that B. as C. so that D. which
10. Are these the same people ________ we saw last week?
A. as

【知识梳理8】关系副词where, when, why引导的定语从句
Do you remember the teahouse where we used to play chess? (where=at which)
There was a time when there was no radio, TV or cinema. (when=during which)
The days are gone when he was an ignorant boy. (when=in which)
They didn’t explain the reason why they had canceled the rehearsal. (why=for which)
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B. whom C. who D. what
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（定语从句中关系副词可以换成介词 + 关系代词）
注意：有些先行词后面既可以用关系代词，也可 以用关系副词。判断的重点在于分析先行词在定语从句中充
当什么句子成分。 以the city 为例
(1) This is the city that/which I visited last year.
分析：主句：This is the city. 从句：I visited the city last year. visit：vt.，the city充当的成分：宾语
(2) This is the city where I lived last year.
分析：主句：This is the city. 从句：I lived in the city last year. live：vi.，the city 充当的成分：状语，表地点。


总结：关系副词 = 介词/介词短语 + 关系代词

【例题精讲】
用适当的关系代词和关系副词填空
1) The house ____________ lies in the back of our classroom is the teachers’ office.
2) The house___________ door faces north is our teachers’ office.
3) I always remember the days __________are my family’s birthday.
4) I always remember the days __________I lived with my grandparents.
5) Xiamen ____________ lies in the south east of China is a beautiful city.
6) Xiamen ____________we live in is a beautiful city.
7) Xiamen _____________ many foreigners come to visit is a beautiful city.
8) This is the reason______________ caused me late for school today.
9) I quite agree with the reason_____________ you told me.
10) I don’t believe the reason ____________ you were late this morning.


【巩固练习】
选择
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1. I shall never forget those years ________ I lived in the country with the farmers.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
2. Do you still remember the days _______ we spent together in Australia?
A. when B. during which C. which D. on which
3. This is the last time _________ we have come to take the examination this year.
A. that B. when C. which D. on which
4. The years and months _________ we spent together are really wonderful to us all.
A. when B. on which C. in which D. that
5. We often think of the days ________ we spent together on the island.
A. when B. which C. in which D. during which
6. If a shop has chairs ________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
7. He's got himself into a dangerous situation ________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
8. I can think of many cases ________ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write
a good essay.
A. why B. which C. as D. where
9. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _______ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
10. Fie has left for Beijing, ______ a meeting is to be held.
A. when B. where C. as D. which


11.. The reason ________ I write to you is to tell you about my new friend Henry.
A. because B. why C. for D. as
12. Have you ever asked him the reason _______ may explain his absence?
A. why
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B. when C. that D. what
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13. I don't know the reason _______ she was late.
A. when B. where C. what D. why
14. The gardener was called to tell the way _______ the poor dog had died.
A. that B. which C. A or D D. in which
15. In English, words are not always spelled _______ they sound.
A. just same

【知识梳理9】定语从句其他情况：
1. 定语从句一般是修饰名词或代词，which, as 可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部分。
They have invited me to dinner, which is very kind of them.
He disliked the girl, as was expected .
2. 偶尔也用but引导定语从句，这种情况已经比较少见了。
There is not one of us but wishes (= who does not wish) to improve our English.
我们没有一个人不想提高英语水平。
3. 关系代词在从句中主语时，从句中的谓语动词形式由先行词决定。
The students who are in Grade 3 are going to climb the hill.
4. 分隔定语从句，定语从句有时不直接紧靠着先行词，中间有其他的成分隔开如定语，状语或谓语。
There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand. 他的眼中有一种我不能理解的神情。
This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.
He was the only person in this country who was invited.
5. 定语从句时态的简化。
如果主句动词是将来时， 从句动词表示的动作与主句动作发生在同一时间，从句要用一般现在时表示一
般将来时，用一般过去时表 示过去将来时。
但是如果从句动作是指不同于主句动作的将来时间，则两部分都要用将来时。
There will be a special price for anybody who orders a suit in the next two weeks.
B. the same as C. the way D. by the means
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