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shield是什么意思2020年高考英语易错题集锦 as与which引导非限制定语从句

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-11-26 01:04
tags:定语从句, 高考, 高中教育

paycheck-饥渴

2020年11月26日发(作者:卜泰)
as与which引导非限制定语从句
(要点精讲)
一、as引导非限制性定语从句
as引导非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句,对其进行说明,但通常用于像as we all know,
as it is known,as is know to all,as it is,as is said above,as always mentioned above,as is usual,
as is often the case,as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限制性定语从句中作主
语、表语或宾语,且引出 的从句位置比较灵活,可位于句首或句末,也可置于主句中间。通
常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。as有“ 正如……,就像……”之意。如:
The gentleman put on a hat when leaving his house, as was usual in those days.
在那些天里,那位绅士就像往常一样在离开家时带上一顶帽子。(as在从句中作主语)
He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case.
他忘了带笔,这是常事。(as在从句中作主语)
He is absorbed in work, as he often was.
他正在全神贯注地工作,他过去经常这样。(as在从句中作表语)
As we all know, the earth is round. 众所周知,地球是圆的。(as在从句中作宾语)
The two brothers were satisfied with this decision, as was agreed beforehand.
两兄弟都对此项决定满意,这项决定事先已达成一致。(as在从句中作主语)
注意:as引导限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:
1.as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句型中,在从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。
(1)so/as/such+名词+as...“像……一样的,像……之类”;
(2)the same+名词+as“和……一样的”
I want to buy the same motorcycle as you have. 我想买和你一样的摩托车。
This book is not such as I expect. 这本书不是我所期望的。
Such things as you described are rare now. 如你所描述的这样的事情现在是罕见的。
Our factory needs such useful machines as we saw in the exhibition. 我们在展会上看到我
们工厂需要的这种有用的机器。
2.as引导非限制性定语从句,指代的是整个主句,经常用在一些习惯表达中。
This is my basic idea, as was mentioned before. 这是我的基本观点,就像先前提到的。

二、which引导的非限制性定语从句
关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、
短语、其他从 句或整个主句,在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。
1.which指代主句中的名词,被 指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单
数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。如 :
These apple trees,which I planted three years ago,have not borne any fruit.
这些苹果树是我三年前栽的,还没有结过果实。(which指代主句中的名词These apple
trees)
She is an artist,which I am not. 她是一位艺术家,而我不是。
(which指代主句中的名词artist)
That book, which is the novel I was reading last week, is the one I meant for you to take to
the beach with you.
那本书,就是我上周看的小说,是我想让你带到海边的那本。
(which指代主句中的名词That book)
2.which指代主句中的形容词。如:
She was very patient towards the children,which her husband seldom was.
她对孩子们很耐心,她丈夫却很少这样。(which指代主句中的形容词patient)
She is always careless,which we should not be.
她总是马虎大意,我们可不应该这样。(which指代主句中的形容词careless)
3.which指代主句中的某个从句。如:
He said that he had never seen her before,which was not true.
他说以前从没见过她,这不是真的。(which指代主句中的宾语从句he had never seen her
before)
4.which指代整个主句。如:
In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.
在那么多人面前他有点紧张,这是可以理解的。(which指代前面的整个主句)
He may have acute appendicitis,in which case he will have to be operated on.
他可能得了急性盲肠炎,如果是这样,他就得动手术。(which指代前面的整个主句)

三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的异同
1.相同点
两者引导非限制性 定语从句时,可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容,在从句中作主
语、宾语或表语,位于主句之后有时 可互换。
(1)The meeting was put off, as/which was exactly what we wanted. 会议被推迟了,这正是
我们想要的。
(2)He was a doctor, as/which I knew from his manner. 他是一个医生,这是我从他的举止
上看出来的。
(3)As can be seen from his skin, he must be from Africa.
=He must be from Africa, which/as can be seen from his skin.
从他的皮肤可以看出,他一定是来自非洲。
2.不同点 < br>(1)as可以放在主句前后,也可插入主句之中;而which引导的非限制性从句只能位于
主 句之后。如:
As is planned, we got there before eight. 正如计划,我们在八点钟之前到达了那儿。
After graduating from college,I took some time off to go travelling,which turned out to be a
wise decision. 大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游,事实证明这是一个明智的决定。
(2)当which引导的从句在意义上近乎并列关系时,可以用and this,and that代替,意思
是“这件事”。如:
He changed his mind, which(and this, and that) made me very angry. 他改变了主意,这使我
很生气。
She has married again, which(=and this, and that) was unexpected. 出乎意料的是,她又结
婚了。
而as主要起与上下文连接的作用,表达说话人的看法、观点, 并指出主句内容的出处
或根据等,例如:
Einstein, as we know, is a famous scientist. 爱因斯坦,众所周知,是位伟大的科学家。
As is announced in today’s newspaper, we must improve our style of work. 今天的报纸上
说,我们必须改进工作作风。
(3) which在非限制性定语从句中作主语时,可用各类动词作谓语;而as作主语时,谓
语常用系动词, 如be,seem,become等,一般不用其他行为动词。例如:
He married her, which was natural.(可用as代替which)
他和她结婚,这是很自然的事。
He won a/the Nobel Prize in chemistry, which made him illustrious.(不可用as 代替which)
他获得了诺贝尔化学奖,这使他名扬天下。
He didn’t say anything at the meeting , as/which seemed very strange. 他在会议上什么也没
说,这看起来很奇怪。
(4)在非限制性从句中,which后的be动词不可省;而as后的be动词可以省略。
She told me she won the match, which was a lie. 她告诉我她赢得了比赛,这是个谎言。
The material is elastic, as (was) shown in the figure. 这种材料是有弹性的,就像图中所示
的。
(5)在as引导的从句中,后面的动词常常使用被 动语态,如果从句行为动词是主动语态,
一般用which引导定语从句)。如:
He has been late again, as is expected.
Allen has made great progress, which delighted us. 艾伦已经取得了很大的进步,这让我们
很高兴。
(6)在非限制性定语从句中which可以指代主句中某一个单词,as不可以。
My brother enjoyed playing basketball, which he really plays well.
我哥哥喜欢打篮球,他真的打得很好。(which代指主句中的basketball)
(7)从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,常用which。
He can write a letter in English, which I can not. 他可以用英语写信,我不能。
Mr. Smith usually praises his student Rose in public, which she doesn’t like at all. 史密斯先
生经常当众表扬他的学生Rose,这一点Rose一点也不喜欢。
The gentleman didn’t give his seat to an old man, which was not expected. 这位绅士没有给
老人让座,这出乎意料。
(8)as有“正如”含义,常用在一些固定结构中,如:as we know(众所周知);as often
happens(正如常发生的那样);as is often the case(情况常常如此);as we all can see(正如
我们看到的);be announced / expected / known / imagined / mentioned / said / shown / reported
等。这些结构常放句首,偶尔也可以放句中或句末。
The air quality in the city,as is shown in the report,has improved over the past two months.
正如报告中所表明的,城市空气质量在过去两个月里已经得到改善。
Kate was late for school, as often happened. 凯特上课迟到了,这经常发生。

(典例剖析)
【例题1】He worked in a car factory for four years, ______ he founded his own company in his
hometown.
A.after which B.after when C.after that D.after it
【答案】A
【解析】句意:他在一家汽车工厂工作了四年,之后他在他的家乡创建了自己的公司。分析
句子,空格 后句子有主语,判断after在此不是连词而是介词,两句之间没有连词连接,故
空格处应该是引导非 限制性定语从句,选项中只有which前面可以加介词引导非限制性定语
从句,故选A。
【难度】困难

halfway-mmdb


汉英词典-祭灶


自转-丧偶


可爱英文-牛肉膏


glider-accidently


英汉译-哈哈大笑


auntie-机场英语


personalized-蠕墨铸铁



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