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他会自己长大远去:中国文化导读重点剖析

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-11-29 12:52
tags:generally

新文化运动兴起的标志是-陈艺鹏

2020年11月29日发(作者:胡必烈)

第一章概述
Chinese people’s political consultative conference
(CPPCC)中华人民共和国政治协商会议Communist party of
china (CPC)中国共产党the national people’s congress
(NPC)全国人民代表大会the Han Dynasty(汉朝
206BC-AD220)was established by Liu Bang with its
capital at Chang’an 西安it is divided into two periods
western Han Dynasty(西汉206BC-AD25)and Eastern Han
Dynasty(东汉AD25-220)according to the constitution
of the PRC China’s administrative units are currently
based on a three-tier system(三级建制)dividing the
nation into provinces counties and townships根据宪法,
中国的行政单位,目前正在根据全国分为省 ,县和乡镇的三
级建制
第二章哲学和宗教
Chinese philosophy(中国哲学)is the collective
designation for the various schools of thought是各大
流派的总称。世界3大哲学体系western philosophy and
Indian philosophy 百家争鸣 a hundred schools of
thought contend. The philosophy in pre-Qin times先秦
子学 the most influential schools were Confucianism
(儒家)Taoism(道家)Mohism(墨家)and Legalism(法

家) Confucius(孔子)and Mencius(孟子)it advocates
benevolence and justice allegiance and forbearance(仁
义忠宽)the doctrine of the golden mean and values the
ethical relations of men中庸之道和重视人的伦理关系
it emphasizes the importance of family and societal
order. Children must respect and be dutiful to their
parents. The younger must obey the elder. The junior
must follow the senior. The servants must serve their
rulers. 它强调的是家庭和社会秩序 的重要性。儿童必须尊
重和孝顺父母。年轻的必须服从长辈。初中必须按照高级。
下级必须服从 统治者。
Taoism is a school of thought founded by Lao Zi and
Zhuang Zi.道德经Dao De Jing 无为(non- action)Taoism
promotes the belief that a person should live a simple
life, not to strive for wealth, fame or power, which
will only give one worries and trouble道教提倡的信念,
一个人要过 简单的生活,而不是争取财富,名誉或权力,只
会给一个忧虑和麻烦
Mohism cherishes universal love which states that if
all the people in the world loved one another , there
would be no hatred, calamities, and hostilities. In
politics and ethics Mohism advocates honouring

virtuous people, opposing fatalism and aggressive wars
and upholding thriftiness and simple funerals. 墨家
珍 视兼爱,其中规定如果心爱的人,所有的人在世界上就没
有仇恨,灾害,和敌对。在政治和道德墨家主张 履行贤惠的
人,反对宿命论和侵略战争,并坚持节俭和简单的葬礼。
Legalism, begun by Han Feizi, espouses laying down laws
to unify the thought of people法家,韩非子开始,拥护
统一人们的思想奠定了法律
两汉经学(the orthodox philosophy during the han
dynasty)banning all schools of thought except
Confucianism 罢黜百家独尊儒术orthodox philosophy
advocates that heaven affects human affairs and human
behavior finds responses in Heaven(天人感应)and the
power of the emperors are authorized by Heaven(君权
神授)正统哲学主张天上影响人类事务和人类行为的 认定,
在天堂的响应和皇帝的权力是由天授权integral part
nature天人合一
Metaphysics during the wei and jin dynasties魏晋玄学
three profound studies三玄 the book of changes易经
Lao Zi老子Zhuang Zi庄子the Buddhist philosophy
during the sui and tang dynasties隋唐佛学
It mainly discusses the relationship between the

subjective and the objective它主要讨论了主观和客观
之间的关系。Neo-confucianism in song and ming
dynasties宋明理学 周敦颐程颢程颐朱熹rationalism
was eternal and was a spiritual existence prior to the
world理性精神永存于世界
Application philosophy in the ming and qing dynasties
明清实学philosophy focuses on self-examination哲学
侧重于自我检查the basic features of ancient Chinese
philosophy中国古代哲学的基本特征 stress on
spiritual existence, practice, harmony, intuition压
力对精神的存在,实践,和谐,直觉 知之者不如好之者好
之者不如乐之者to delight in it means to put it into
practice and gain pleasure from it天时不如地利地利
不如人和opportunities vouchsafed by heaven are less
important than terrestrial advantages, which in turn
are less important than the unity among people.
Mencius said. This well expressed the idea that harmony
was the highest principle. Confucius further
explained how to realize harmony between man and
nature, man and man, man and society, and man and
heaven through the golden mean. 这充分表达的理念,
和谐是最高的原则。孔子进一步解释如何实现人与自然,

人与人,人与社会,与中庸的人,并通过天堂之间的和谐。
三清the three pure gods of Jade Pure玉清who has a pearl
within his fingers他有他的手指内的一颗明珠Upper
Pure上清who holds the universe in his arms宇宙在他
的怀里 and Great pure太清 who has a feather fan in his
hand在他手里拿着羽毛扇eight immortals in the Taoist
religion八仙when the eight immortals cross the sea,
each demonstrates hisher divine power八仙过海各显
神通the theory of samsara轮回the cornerstone基本
观点the doctrine of four noble truth四谛the
eight-fold path八正道the famous Buddhist mountains
佛教名山 五台山峨眉山普陀山九华山Islam was founded
by the Arabic prophet(先知) 伊斯兰教创立的阿拉伯先
知there is only one god Allah阿拉真主qingzhen temple
清真寺 诗经尚书礼记周易春秋 大学中庸论语孟子 四书
五经
第四章艺术
Calligraphy’s purpose is to retain the beauty of
nature and illuminate man’s spiritual beauty. 书法
的目的是为了留住美丽的大自然,照亮人的心灵美。The
handwriting reveals the writer字如其人in the part,
children were trained at an early age to practice

writing. People were often judged by their handwriting.
It was believed that the force used in writing betrayed
表露 one’s disposition 性情and the written
characters revealed the calligrapher’s
understanding of life and arts. Devotion to practicing
calligraphy could help a person to achieve relaxation
and repel排斥 outside disturbance. 孩子们从小训练,
练习写作。人们常常通过他们的笔迹判 断。有人认为,在
书写的力量表露一个人的性格和文字显示,书法家的生活
和艺术的理解。奉献 练习书法可以帮助一个人达到放松和
排斥外界干扰。Categories 点(dot stroke)横(horizontal
strokes)竖(vertical stroke)撇curved折angular钩
hooked
five categories of chinese scripts五种书法chinese
scripts are generally divided into five form: the seal
form(篆书),the official form(隶书),the cursive(草写
的)form(草书),the regular form(楷书),and the running
form(行书)in 221BC, Prime Minster Li Si of the Qin
dynasty collected and categorized all the different
systems of writing used thought the country in an effort
to unify t he writing system, he simplified the ancient
seal script and suggested small seal scrip, as the

standard form of writing. Soft lines of strokes and
upright rectangular shapes keep the seal form
characters more close to pictography 总理李斯在公元前221,秦王朝的收集和分类的所有不同的书写系统,认为
该国在努力,统一了书写系统,他简化 了古篆书,并建议作
为标准形式的小型密封以股代息写作。中风和直立矩形软线
保持密封形式字 符更接近象形.秦汉时期it was the turning
point in the later scrip forms, it turned the remaining
curved and round strokes of the seal form into Iinear
and flat square shapes这是在后来的以股代息形式的转折点,它变成Iinear和平面方形密封形式其余的弧形和圆形
笔触
the cursive form originates form the Han Dynasty. This
style of calligraphy is smooth and lively with strokes
flowing and characters linking together. The
characters are often joined, with the last stroke of
one merging into the initial stroke of the next. It is
executed freely and rapidly so that parts of the
characters appear exaggerated. 草书形式的起源,形成
汉 代。这种书法风格是平稳的,活泼和流畅的笔触和字符连
接在一起。往往加入字符,进入下一个初始中风 合并的最后
一搏。它是自由和迅速地执行,使部分字符出现夸张the

regular form was developed during the Wei and Jin
dynasties, and came to prominence in the Tang Dynasty.
This is still today’s standard writing. 定期的形式
在魏晋,唐代突出。这仍然是今天的标准写作。The running
form is somewhere between the regular and the cursive
forms, allowing simpler and faster writing. 运行形式
是介于定期和草书形式,允许简单和快捷的写作。王羲之
eastern jin dynasty
书圣sage of Chinese Calligraphy书画同源have the same
origin as calligraphy壁画Mural paintings 木板刻画
Wood-cut block print文房四宝four treasures of the
study .Duan ink stones were first introduced in
Duanzhou, and now are produced in Zhaoqing City.
Chinese opera, together with Greek tragedy and comedy,
and the Indian Sanskrit are the three ancient forms of
drama in the world .chinese opera is the only remaining
living form中国戏曲与希腊悲喜剧,印度佛教剧是三个古
老 的戏剧形式在世界,中国戏曲是仅存的生活形式Beijing
opera Towards the end of the 18th century 唱念打
(singing, recitation, acting, and acrobatic fighting )
生旦净丑the sheng roles are generally positive生的
角色一般都是积极的and can be divided into laosheng (老

生:elderly men,武生military men小生young man娃娃
生children. laosheng are middle-age or older men who
are decisive and honest. They are also called xusheng.
because they wear artificial beards. Wusheng are young
generals skilled in martial arts. Xiaosheng are
clean-shaven and handsome. The most distinctive
feature of real and falsetto voices in singing and
speaking. The falsetto voice is sharp, thin, and
high-pitched in order to sound young and to distinguish
the young men from the elderly, wawasheng are
children’s parts. 老生是中年或老年的人是决定性的和
诚实的。他们也被 称为须生。因为他们戴假胡须。武生是在
熟练掌握武术的年轻将军。小生是清洁光头和英俊。真实和假声唱歌和说话声音的最鲜明的特征。假声是尖,薄,高音
调听起来年轻而区分的年轻男子从老人, 娃娃生是儿童的部
分。Dan refers to various female roles, including 老
旦青衣花旦武旦彩旦laodan characters are elderly women.
qingyi characters are generally young or middle-aged
omen of strong characher and refined disposition. Most
of them are faithful wives. Loving mothers, and pure
woman from feudal society. Huadan characters are agile
young woman with a frank and open personality. Wudan

characters are women skilled in martialarts. Caidan are
clowns in farces and comedies. 老旦的人物是老年妇女。
青衣角色一般是年轻人或中年预兆的坚强性格和优雅的性
格。他们中的大多数都是忠实的妻子。亲爱的妈妈,和纯洁
的女人从封建社会。花旦角色是敏捷 的年轻女子与一个爽朗
的性格。武当的人物是妇女熟练的武术。彩旦是小丑闹剧和
喜剧。The national treasure国粹 kungqu opera昆曲the
oral and intangible cultural heritage人类口头非Wu质
Wen化遗产。Shanxi opera of great fun and the elderly
residens of xi’an city take particular delight in it
even today秦腔非常有趣和老年人居住的西安市特别喜爱它
直到今天。川剧。越剧。黄梅戏it is a local opera in anhui
province。粤剧
第六章科学与技术
China’s four great inventions,namely,the
type printing and compass,gunpower,movable
papermaking, not only changed the world but also
accelerated the evolution of world history. China
further contributed to the world with its rich heritage
in ceramics and silk中国的四大发明,即,指南针,火药,
造纸术和活 字印刷,不仅改变了世界,但同时也加速了世界
历史发展。中国进一步促进世界以其丰富的遗产在陶瓷和 丝


The world’s most detailed and earlist astronomical
records were kept by the chinese. 世界上最详细和最早
的天文记录是由中国.
China dominated in metallurgy. When europeans still
could not turn out a single piece of cast iron in the
14th century. 中国为主的冶金。当欧洲人还是不能变成一
个单件铸铁在第十四世纪。
The four major inventions have become important symbols
of china’s important role in the world’s civilisation.
四大发明,已成为中国在世界文明中的重要作用的重要标
志。The compass is a device showing geographic direction
by using the earth’s magnctic field. It enabled trade
and exploration to develop on a worldwide scale. 指
南针是一个显示设备的地理方向的地球磁场。它使贸易和探
索的发展在世界范围内。
Referred to as a south-pointer, the spoon or ladle
shaped compass is made of magnetic lodestone. 称为司
南,长柄勺子、瓢形罗盘是由天然磁石。
The earliest record of the use of the compass in
navigation was in the song dynasty最早记录使用指南针
导航是在宋代the compass vehicle指南车

Papermaking造纸术paper has been a major medium for
recording, transmitting, and storing information in
human civilisation. The earlest charcters were
inscribed on bones, tortoise shells and bronze wares
in the shang dynasty and later on silk, bamboo and wood.
纸已 成为主要的媒介记录,传输和存储的信息,在人类文明。
世界上最早的特点是刻在骨头,龟壳和青铜器在 商代和后来
的丝绸,竹木。In the eastern han dynasty, a court
official named cai lun used inexpensive materials such
as bark, hemp, rags, fishnet, wheat stalks and other
materials to make paper. 在东汉时期,一位名叫蔡伦使
用廉价的材料如树皮,麻,碎布,渔网,小麦秸秆和其它材
料制作纸。
Gunpowder火药 it was sunsimiao, a well-known
pharmacologist of the tang dynasty, who first
discovered the method for making gunpowder. 这是孙思
邈,著名药师的唐代,首先发现了火药的制作方法。Flying
fire-arrows发机飞火bronze cannos火统two-stage
rockets火龙出水were introduced. In the yuan dynasty,
the method of making gunpower was introduced to the arab
world and europe, bringing a series of revolutions to
weapon manufacturing,as well as to stratagem and

tactics on the battlefield. 在元代,制火药传到了阿拉
伯和 欧洲,带来了一系列的革命的武器制造,以及战略战术
在战场上。Printing, know as “mother of civilisation”
文明起源block printing雕版印刷movable type printing
活字印刷block rinting was probably invented between
the sui and tang dynasties. The process of block
printing started with the cutting of wood into blocks,
and then characters were engraved in relied on the
blocks. 雕版印刷术发明之间可能是隋唐时期。这个过程的雕版印刷开始切割木材成块,然后被刻在依赖于块。The
world’s oldest surviving book printed on paper is
vajra sutra. It is the earliest woodcut illustation in
a printed book. 世界上现存最古老的印刷纸是金刚经。它
是最早的木刻插画在印刷书籍。Block printing was
time-consuming as blocks had to be engraved each time
a new book was printed. 雕版印刷是费时块已被刻每一次
新的书是印刷。During the song dynasty, bi sheng, a
printing carver,invented movable type printing, which
ushered in a major revolution in the history of printing.
It was more than 400 years earlier than europe’s. 在
宋代 ,毕升印刷,雕刻,发明了活字印刷,这开创了一个重
大的革命在印刷史。这是400多年前比欧洲。M ovable type

printing became durable and could be re-used. China’s
four great ancient inventions made tremendous
contributions to the world’s economy and the culture
of mankind. 活字印刷是耐用,可重复使用。中国古代四大
发明作出了巨大贡献的全球经济与人类 文化。Traditional
chinese painting,beijing opera, and traditional
chinese medicine are known throughout the world as the
three treasures of china. Before western medicine came
to china, traditional chinese medicine had been the
major guarantee for people’s health for 5000 years.
中国传统绘画,京剧,与中医是众所周知的世界各地为中国
三大瑰宝。西医才来 到中国,中医一直主要保障人民健康的
5000年listening,smelling,inqui ring and observing,
and feeling the pulse望闻问切are four diagnostic
methods in traditional chinese medicine. 四种诊断方
法在中医。扁鹊华佗张仲景李时珍。The five-animal
ecercise五禽戏compendium of meteria medica本草纲目
includs 1892 medicinal substances, 11096
prescriptions,and 1162 illustrations. Eight hundred
and thirty-five years earlier than the next
pharmacopeia in the world包括1892个 药用物质,11096
的处方,和1162插图。八百三十五年前比下药典的世界

today,the pill丸,powder散,extracts 膏or pellets丹
fireworks,the abacus and silk porcelain烟花,算盘和
丝绸瓷器Breakthrough in Goldbach’s Conjecture哥德
巴赫猜想five-stroke code computer input method五笔
汉字输入yuanlongping and hybrid rice shenzhouv
第八章节假日
Spring festival,also called the chinese new year,is
china’s most important festival that falls on the 1st
day of the 1st lunar month each year春节,也被称为中
国的新年,是 中国最重要的节日,在第一天的农历正月第一
每年sacrifices are offered to the kitchen god with
families sharing delicious food followed by
preparations for the coming spring festival. 祭祀灶
神与家庭分享美味的食物之后准备即将到来的春节。
Phoenix and peony凤凰与牡丹the cowherd and weaver maid
牛郎织女the eight immorals八仙spring festival
couplets are popular春联some people pasted it upside
down intentionally for the utterance in chinese
describing the character pasted in such a way is
pronounced as fu dao le, which means that blessings for
wealth have arrived. 有人贴上下颠倒故意的话语中描述
的字符粘贴在这样一种方式是明显的福到了,这意味着祝福

的财富已经到了。Houses are brightly lit and a sumptuous
family dinner is served on the spring festival eve
dishes such as chicken,fish and toufu must be included
灯火通明的和丰 盛的家庭晚餐是在春节前夕的菜肴,如鸡,
鱼和豆腐必须包括new year cake年糕means higher and
higher,one year after northern china jiaozi
or dumplings are eaten as people believe jiaozi means
“bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new”
辞旧迎新spring festival gala春晚lucky money for
festival, which is believed to guarantee children’s
healthy growth in the coming new year. 压岁钱这是保
证孩子的健康成长在新的一年activities such as lion
dancing, dragon dancing and temple fairs are held for
days活动如舞狮,舞龙和庙会举行的日子
Lantern festival元宵节guessing riddles pasted onto
lanterns is a lantern festival tradition from the song
dynasty猜灯谜灯笼上贴上是从宋代元宵节传统custom
demands the eating of yuanxiao on this are
small dumping balls made of glutinous rice flour with
seame,bean paste,jujube paste枣泥,walnut mear,dried
fruit,or sugar and edible oil as filling. 定制需求吃
元宵这一天。它们是小型倾销球由糯米粉和芝麻,绿豆,枣

泥,核桃肉,干水果,或糖和食用油灌装。
Qingming festival. After the festival, the temperature
rises and rainfall increases in readiness for spring
plowing and sowing节后,温度的升高和降水增加准备春耕
生产a riverside scence at qingming festival清明上河
图is a day for mourning the dead.24 seasinal division
points
Dragon boat festival端午节falls on the 5th day of the
5th lunar month
Realgar wine雄黄zongzi is also a custom to hang warm
wormwood and carry fragrant pouches粽子也是一个自定
义挂艾嵩和携带香暖袋
Mid-autnmn festival中秋节double ninth festival重阳
节senior’s day
Double seventh festival七夕节laba is celebrated on the
8th day of the 12th lunar month. People will eat laba
porridge
Water splashing festival is the dai’s new year. The
first day of the festival is new year’s eve. The second
day is a day of quiet. The third day is the king of the
days他第一天的春节除夕夜。第二天是一天的安静。第三天
的是国王的日子nadam fair is a traditional festival

observed by the mongolian people who inhabit inner
mongolia,gansu,qinghai and xinjiang. 那达慕是蒙古族
传统节日观察人居住在内蒙古,甘肃,青海和新疆。
Dali bai autonomous prefecture in yunnan大理白族自治
州third month fair is a festival grandly celebrated by
the bai people第三个月的公平是一节隆重庆祝的白族人
the estival includes horse
racing,archery,singing,dancing,and a commodity fair
with adistinctive ethnic flavour本节包括赛马,射箭,
唱歌,跳舞,和一个商品交易会与独特的民族风味tibetan
new year is the most important festival in tibet藏历
新年是西藏最重要的节日jumping flower festival跳花节
苗族their celebration includes singing,lusheng
dancing,bull fighting,lion dancing and a flower
pole-climbing contest他们的庆祝活动包括唱歌,芦笙舞,
斗牛,舞狮子、花爬竿比赛
Waking of insects惊蛰pay a newyear call拜年wish you
prosperity恭喜发财mooncake月饼Twelve animal zodiac
十二生肖Fly a kite放风筝Chrysanthemum菊花
Firecrackers鞭炮Suspended Zhong Kui like悬钟馗像
Admire the full moon赏月
第九章饮食

德州扒鸡山东pepper-spiced chicken湖南mink jamps over
wall福建fish-flavored pork thred四川honeycomb bean
card安徽pong po brised pork浙江龙虎斗广东-江苏
Colour aroma and taste with taste being the most
importing
Special guests and elderly sit on the north side of the
table
Green tea ,black,oolong,compressed砖茶scented花茶
The wager games can be classified into three categories
--general games,
Literary games and contestant games酒令
Touhu is an ancient banquet game where the host and
guests throw chips into a pot. The winner is the one
with the greatest number of ships thrown in,and the
loser is required to drink as a forfeit
Chinese cuisine attaches great importance to nutrition.
Based on traditional chinese herbal medicine
practice,medicinal
processed
cuisine combines strictly
with traditional chinese medicine
traditional culinary material to produce delicous food
with health-restoring qualities. 中国菜非常注重营养。
基于传统中药药膳严格处理实践,结合中医传统的烹饪原料

生产美味的食物品质与康复。Eight regional cuisines八
大菜系。山 东鲁菜;四川川菜;广东粤菜;福建闽菜;浙江
浙菜;安徽徽菜;湖南湘菜;江苏苏菜。
山东鲁菜;yellow river carp in sweet and sour sauce
糖醋黄河鲤鱼bird’s next soup燕窝汤braised sea slug
with crab meat in brown sauce蟹烧海参dezhou stewed
chicken德州扒鸡
四川川菜hot poy火锅spicy diced chicken with peanuts
宫保鸡丁fish-flavoured pork shreds鱼香肉丝mar-boh
toufu麻婆豆腐
广东粤菜shark’s fin soup鱼翅羹steamed sea bass蒸
海鲈鱼roast piglet烧乳猪steamed turtle with chive
sauce美味蒸水鱼
福建闽菜shark’s fin and other delicacies佛跳墙crisp
pomfret with litchi荔枝鲳鱼pork roll with rice flour
steamed in lotus leaf荷叶米粉肉fried prawn sharped as
a pair of fish太极明虾
江苏苏菜jingling salted dried duck金凌盐水鸭clear
crab and pork meatballs清蒸蟹肉狮子头yincai
vegetables cooked with chicken slices银菜鸡片triple
combo duck三套鸭
浙江浙菜hangzhou beggar’s chicken叫花鸡dongpo pork

东坡肉west lake fish vinegar sauce西湖醋鱼shelled
shrimps with longjing tea leaves龙井虾仁
安徽徽菜stewed snapper炖笛绸huangshan braised pigeon
黄山炖鸽crisp pork with pine nuts 松子米苏肉
湖南湘菜dong’an chicken东安子鸡pepprty and hot
chicken麻辣子鸡steamed fried pork in black bean sauce
走油豆豉扣肉braised dried pork with eel slices腊肉
焖鳝片全球
Table manners餐桌礼仪
The elderly or people of high status are alllocated
specific seats. Special guests and the elderly sit on
the north side of the table or directly facing the
entrance to the room
Drink first to show respect先干为敬longevity wine
feasts百岁酒month-old wine feasts满月酒marriage wine
喜酒spirit白酒national wine maotai king of the
throwing掷骰子passing down a flower to
the beats of a durm击鼓传花
第十一章建筑学
The characteristics of chinese ancient architecture
中国古代建筑timber framework木架框材plain, flexible
and beautiful layout平原,灵活和美丽的布局chinese

structures are based on the principle of balance and
symmetry中国建筑的原则基础上的平衡和对称性the
building materials建筑材料wooden ancient chinese
buildings and structures were the most common but some
were built with either red or grey bricks. 木制中国
古代建筑和结构是最常见的但有些是建立红色或灰色砖。
The glaze was normally in one of four colours: yellow,
green, blue and black. 釉是通常有四种颜色:黄色,绿
色,蓝色和黑色。The artistic roof design屋顶设计的艺
术wenshou.
Placing animal figures on roof ridges has been a
traditional practice. It was believed that immortal
beings and various beasts served to protet sacred
buildings and keep evil spirits away它被认为是不朽的
人和各种动物提供保护神圣的建筑物和驱逐邪恶的灵魂the
colourful decorations五彩的装饰品famous styles of
ancient chinese architecture著名的中国古代建筑风格
there are various architectural styles in chinese
history, of which the imperial, religious and civilian
architectures have their own characteristics有各 种各
样的建筑风格在中国历史上,其帝国,宗教和民用建筑有其
自身的特点imperial architecture陵墓Efang palace

built near xian city by and for the first emperor of
qin more than 2000 years ago, covered 80000 square
metres and could hold 10000people阿房宫附近建立西安
市,为秦始皇2000年多前,占地80000平方米,可容纳1
万余人the forbidden city in beijing and the imperial
palace in shenyang, liaoning province在北京紫禁城和
故宫在沈阳,辽宁省
The number nine carried a special meaning in ancient
china, it was deemed that odd numbers represent yang
while even numbers yin, since nine is the largest odd
number under ten. It was regarded an extremely lucky
example, on the gates of the forbidden city,
there are 81 gold-plated bronze studs which were
arranged in nine columns and nine rows. Ancient places
usually were designed to be nine-section architectural
complexes, based on the same reasoning, numbers or
sizes related to imperial architecture often equalled
or were multiples on nine九号进行了特殊的意义,在古
代中国,它被认为是奇怪的数字代表 阳,偶数阴,因为九是
最大的奇数十。它被视为一个极其幸运号码。例如,在紫禁
城的大门,有 81个镀金的青铜螺栓被安排在九列和九行。
古老的地方通常被设计为九区建筑群,基于同样的推理,数

量或大小相关的建筑往往等于或数倍于九
Civilian residential housing民居beijing quadrangles
四合院
Quadrangle dwellings in beijing are formed by four
inward-facing houses, linked by enclosing walls. The
principal room at the centre is where family rituals
take place and distinguished guests are welcomed. The
houses all face a courtyard, connected by verandas北
京四 合院是由四个向内的房子,连围墙。主要房间的中心是
在家庭仪式发生和尊贵的客人的欢迎。所有的房屋 面临庭
院,阳台连接的it provides protection against dust and
storms, such a residence offers space, comfort and
privacy它提供保护,防止灰尘和风暴,这样的住宅提供了
空间,舒适性和隐私
Shanxi cave dwellings窑洞cave dwellings are common in
the northwest loess plateau of china and at the middle
and upper reaches of yellow river. They are warm in
winter and cool in summer. 窑洞民居是常见的黄土高原
西北部中国和在黄河上中游。他们是温暖的冬天和凉爽的夏
天。
Huizhou residential houses惠州的民居huizhou
residential houses embraced local physical features of

the area. They incorporated fengshui concepts and
aesthetic trends, with black tiles. White walls and
decorations placed elegantly on upturned eaves. A
garden style was a major feature of these old buildings.
All buildings had exquisite wood. Stone and brick
carvings on the doors and windows惠州的民居接受 当地
的物理特征的区域。他们把风水观念和审美趋势,黑砖。白
色的墙壁和装饰品摆放优雅飞檐 。一个花园风格的一大特
色,这些老建筑。所有建筑物都有精美的木制品。石头和砖
上的木雕门 窗
Hakka castle-like dwellings客家土楼the hakka people,
inhabiting southeast of china, are known for their
distinctive dwellings in a variety of castle-like
designs. The large buildings adopted a folk style and
featured exquisite architectural designs客家人,居住
在中国的东南部,是 众所周知的独特的民居在各种城堡式设
计。大型建筑物采用民间风格和特色的精美的建筑设计 dai
bamboo house傣族竹楼stone chamber雕舫mongolian yurts
蒙古包the stone arch bridge石拱桥zhe zigzag bridge
曲折桥the pavilion bridge亭桥chinese stone lions石
狮子huabiao pavilions亭子pagodas宝塔paifang

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