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一公尺是多少米:考研英语典型长难句及解析

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-11-29 12:55
tags:generally

圆的十八个定理-英雄联盟点卷充值

2020年11月29日发(作者:任弼时)

1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue
agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few
farmers with high yields.
结构分析:句子的主干是This will be particularly true…。since引导原因状语从句。此从句中又套
嵌一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句,修饰the high-energy American fa shion。在定语从句
中,that做主语,makes做谓语,it做形式宾语,不定式短语to combine few farmers with
high yields则是真正的宾语(不定式短语内部to combine是主干,few farmers是宾语,with
high yields是状语),possible做宾语补足语。this指代前句中提到的这种困境。energy pinch
译为“能源的匮乏”;in…fashion译为“用…方法、方式”。
译文:这 种困境将是确定无疑的,因为能源的匮乏,高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中
继续下去,而这 种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。

2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter,we must be sure
that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”
comparison.
结构分析:句子的主干是we must be sure…。since引导原因状语从句the assessment of
intelligence is a comparative matter。主句中又有that引导的宾语从句that the scale with
which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid”or“fair”comparison。此宾语从
句中又套嵌一个由介词with+w hich引导的定语从句with which we are comparing our
subjects修饰先行词the scale。scale在此处意为“尺度、衡量标准”。 译文:既然对智力的评估相比较而言的,那么我们必须确保,在对我们的对象进行比较时,我们所
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用的尺度能够提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。

3. In general,the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be
most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can
be not well defined.
结构分析:句子的框架是the tests work most effectively when…and least effectively when…。
and连接两个并列分句,每 个并列分句中皆有一个when引导的时间状语从句分别说明work
most effectively和and(work)least effectively。第二个时间状语从句中还 有一个主语从句
what…predicted。the tests是主句的主语,work为动词做 谓语。qualities在此处是可数名词,
不译为“质量”,而译为“特征”。defined不能 直译为“被定义为”,而应译为主动语态“界
定”。
译文:一般来说,当所需要测定的特征能 被精确界定时,测试最为有效;而当所测定或预测的东西
不能被明确界定时,测试效果最差。

4. For example,they do not compensate for gross social inequality,and thus do not tell
how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more
favorable circumstances.
结构分析:句子的框架是they do not compensate…,and thus do not tell how…。and连接两
个并 列分句,第二个并列分句中由how引导的宾语从句是一个带有虚拟条件句的主从复合句,其
中had he grown up…(=If he had grown up…)是省略了连词if的非真实条件句。主句主语的
they,在此代指上文提到的tests; able在句中作might have been的表语。underprivileged在
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此不能译为“没有特权的”,而译为“没有地位的”或“物质条件差的”。
译 文:例如,测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公;因此,它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人,如
果在较好 的环境中成长的话,会有多大才干。

leads the discussion to extremes at the outset:it invites you to think that animals
should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans,or with
no consideration at all.
结构分析:句子的框架是It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to
think that…。冒 号后的复合句是对冒号前部分作进一步说明。复合句中that引导宾语从句,从句
中有either… or…引导的两个并列的介词结构作状语,修饰动词be treated,其中第一个with介
词结 构中还有一个省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句humans extend to other
humans,修饰the consideration。it代指上文的观点,即如果对人权没有达 成一致看法,而谈
论动物的权利是徒劳的。介词短语at the outset译为“从一开始”。动 词invites应转译为
“使”、“让”或“促使”。动宾结构extend consideration to意为“给予关怀或关心”,
consideration不应译为“考虑”。
译文:这种 说法从一开始就将讨论引向极端,它使人们认为应该这样对待动物:要么像对人类自身
一样关怀体谅,要 么完全冷漠无情。

6. But even more important,it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into
the past,for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15
billion years ago.
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结构分析:句子的框架是it was the farthest that…。但It was…that…在本句中不是强调句型。it
是指上句中所提到的150亿年前形成的巨大云团(a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15
billion light-years from earth);that引导的应是一个定语从句,修饰先行词the farthest。for
引导的是表示原因的分句,分句中还有that引导的定语从句,修饰the patterns and structure。
译文:但更重要的是,这是科学家们所能观测到的 有关过去的最为遥远的景象,因为他们看到的是
150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。

7. Thus it happened that when the new factories that were springing up required labor,
tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers,with their wives and
children,were forced into the cities in search of work,and any work,under any
condition,that would keep them alive.
结构分析:句子的框架是it happened that…。it做形式主语,that引导的从句做真正的主语。主
语从句中,又有一个由when引 导的时间状语从句,主句为tens of thousands of homeless and
hungry agricultural workers…were forced…,时间状语从句中从句主语the new factories又带
有一个定语从句that were springing up; that would keep them alive做work的定语从句。
spring up意为“发生,出现,建立”。
译文: 于是就出现了这样的情况:正当新办的工厂纷纷建立,需要 劳动力的时候,成千上万无家可
归、饥肠辘辘、以农业为生的劳动者携家带口,被迫进入城市;他们要找 活干,不管什么活儿,不
论什么条件,只要不被饿死就行。

8. As a result of two or three centuries of scientific investigation we have come to believe
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that nature is understandable in the sense that when we ask her questions by way of
appropriate observations and experiments,she will answer truly and reward us with
discoveries that endure.
结构分析:句子的框架是…we have come to believe that…。that引导的从句做believe的宾语从
句;此从句中有一个that从句作the sense的同位语从句;同位语从句中又套嵌一个由when引导的
时间状语从句;此时间状语从句又 套嵌一个定语从句that endure,修饰其先行词discoveries。by
way of意为“经由,通过…方法”;reward sb. with意为“以…报答,酬劳”;endure此处 应译为
“持久,持续”,不要译为“忍受,容忍”。
译文:由于两三个世纪以来的科学研究成 果,我们逐渐相信,如果运用合适的观察和实验方法向大
自然探究问题,她会真心实意地给我们答复,并 且以永垂不朽的发现来报答我们。从这个意义上来
说,大自然是可以认识的。

9. These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details were it not
for the fact that theoretical understanding has reached the stage at which it is becoming
possible to indicate the kind of measurements required for reliable weather forecasting.
结构分析:句子的框架是These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass
of details…。后面紧跟省略了if引导的虚拟条件句were it not for the fact that…,即if it were
not for the fact that…;that从句作the fact的同位语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个定语从句,修饰
其先行词the stage; required for reliable weather forecasting为过去分词短语修饰the kind of
measurements。simply译为“只不过,仅仅”,不应译为“简单地”。
译 文:理论上的认识已达到了这样一个阶段,即现在已能指出需要哪种测量方式才能可靠地预报天
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气。如果做不到这一点,那么上述这些新的观察能力只不过提供了一大堆细节而已。

10. The story of the discovery of what is now generally called the principle of
Archimedes,namely that a solid body when immersed in a liquid loses a portion of its
weight of the liquid it displaces,has many different versions,of which the following is
one.
结构分析:句子的框架是The story…has many different versions…。what is now generally
called the principle of Archimedes为名词性从句做介词of的宾语。namely that a solid
body…作the principle of Archimedes的同位语;when immersed in a liquid是省略了主语的过
去分词短语,句子补充完整为when the solid body is immersed in a liquid,修饰其主句a
solid body loses a portion of its weight of the liquid…;it displaces是省略了关系代词that的
定语从句修饰the liquid,it代指前面提到的the solid body;同时,of which the following is
one又构成先行词versions的定语从句。displace意为 “排(水)”;version不译为“版本”,
此处指“根据个人观点的(对事件等的)说法,看法” ;句尾的one代指a version。
译文:当固体浸没到液体中时,固体会失去它所排出的液体 的那部分重量,这就是现在通常所谓的
阿基米德原理。有关这一发现的故事说法众多,下面的故事就是其 中之一。




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