淹没的近义词：大学英语四试题

2020年11月29日发(作者：谭锡畴)

Online HomeWork_U1B4

I. Reading Comprehension

Section One: Fast Reading

1. One summer day my father sent me to buy some wire and fencing to put around our barn
to pen up the bull. At 16, I liked nothing better than getting behind the wheel of our truck and
driving into town on the old mill road. This trip was different, though. My father had told me
I’d have to ask for credit at the store.
2. It was 1976, and the ugly shadow of racism was still a fact of life. I’d seen my friends
ask for credit and then stand, head down, while a storeowner enquired into whether they
were “good for it”. Many store clerks watched black youths with the assumption that they
were thieves every time they even went into a grocery.
3. My family was honest. We paid our debts. But just before harvest, all the money flowed
out. There were no new deposits at the bank. Cash was short. At Davis Brothers’ General
Store, Buck Davis stood behind the register, talking to a middle-aged farmer. Buck was a tall,
weathered man in a red hunting shirt and I nodded as I passed him on my way to the
hardware section to get a container of nails, a coil of binding wire and fencing. I pulled my
purchases up to the counter and placed the nails in the tray of the scale, saying carefully, “I
need to put this on credit.” My brow was moist with nervous sweat and I wiped it away with
the back of my arm.
4. The farmer gave me an amused, cynical look, but Buck’s face didn’t change. “Sure,” he
said easily, reaching for his booklet where he kept records for credit. I gave a sigh of relief.
“Your daddy is always good for it.” He turned to the farmer. “This here is one of James
Williams’ sons. They broke the mold when they made that man.”
5. The farmer nodded in a neighborly way. I was filled with pride. “James Williams’ son.”
Those three words had opened a door to an adult’s respect and trust.
6. As I heaved the heavy freight into the bed of the truck, I did so with ease, feeling like a
stronger man than the one that left the farm that morning. I had discovered that a good name
could furnish a capital of good will of great value. Everyone knew what to expect from a
Williams: a decent person who kept his word and respected himself too much to do wrong.
My great grandfather may have been sold as a slave at auction, but this was not an excuse to
do wrong to others. Instead my father believed the only way to honor him was through hard
work and respect for all men.
7. We children—eight brothers and two sisters—could enjoy our good name, unearned,
unless and until we did something to lose it. We had an interest in how one another behaved
and our own actions as well, lest we destroy the name my father had created. Our good name
was and still is the glue that holds our family tight together.
8. The desire to honor my father’s good name spurred me to become the first in our family
to go to university. I worked my way through college as a porter at a four-star hotel.
Eventually, that good name provided the initiative to start my own successful public relations
firm in Washington, D.C.
9. The good name passed on by my father and maintained to this day by my brothers and
sisters and me is worth as much now as ever. Even today, when I stop into Buck Davis’ shop
or my hometown barbershop for a haircut, I am still greeted as James Williams’ son. My
family’s good name did pave the way for me.
Statements based on the passage:
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1. The writer tried to get the things he needed for free from the storeowner.
2. In 1976 racial discrimination still existed in the country.
3. At that time, black youths were taken as thieves instead of customers in grocery stores.
4. When the writer said to Buck he needed to put his purchases on credit, he was quite
certain that he would be permitted to do so.
5. The farmer thought that the writer would not be able to get credit.
6. The good name of the writer’s family helped him win the respect and trust of other
people.
7. Everyone knew how a member of the Williams would behave and what a Williams
would do: A Williams is a respectable person who always does what he says, therefore is
trustworthy.
8. The writer believes the children might lose the family’s good name if they ever did
something unworthy.
9. The writer studied hard, motivated by the desire to free his family from poverty.
10. The writer’s family’s good name indeed made it possible for him to succeed in his
business and in life as well.


Section Two: Passage Reading

Passage 1
As people generally use the word “honor” they do not do so in the context of thinking
about moral virtue. As a result they often confuse honor with fame.
A virtuous person is an honorable person, a person who ought to be honored by the
community in which he or she lives. But the virtuous person does not seek honor, being
secure in his or her own self- respect. Lack of honor does not detract (减损) from the efficacy
(功效) of moral virtue as an operative factor in the pursuit of happiness—as a means to
leading a good human life.
Virtuous persons may be considered fortunate if their virtue is recognized and publicly
applauded.
Persons lacking moral virtue can achieve fame as readily as, or perhaps more easily
than, those who have a high degree of moral virtue. Fame belongs to the great, the
outstanding, and the exceptional, without regard to their virtue or lack of it.
Infamy (声名狼藉) is fame, no less than popularity. The great scoundrel (恶棍) can be
as famous as the great hero. There can be famous villains (坏人) as well as famous saints.
Existing in the reputation a person has, regardless of his or her accomplishments, fame does
not tarnish (失去光泽) as honor does when it is unmerited (不配的).
We normally desire the esteem of our fellow human beings, but is not this wish for the
esteem of others a desire for fame rather than for honor? A virtuous person will not seek
fame or be unhappy for lack of it. For fame can be enjoyed by bad men and women, as well
as good. When it is enjoyed by virtuous persons without being sought by them, it is not
distinguishable from honor, for then it is deserved.

11. A virtuous person ______.
A. deserves honor B. achieves both honor and fame
C. will seek fame D. is publicly identified

12. A virtuous person leads a good human life by means of ______.
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A. achieving moral virtue
C. seeking fame






B. pursuing happiness
D. seeking honor

13. All of the following people have fame EXCEPT ______.
A. a famous actress B. a well-known political leader
C. a Nobel Prize winner D. an unknown writer

14. What tends to tarnish with time?
A. A person’s accomplishments. B. Honor that is undeserved.
C. The reputation a person has. D. A high degree of moral virtue.

15. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Honor and fame are different concepts.
B. Honor and fame are not distinguishable.
C. Honor and fame are inseparable.
D. Fame is more important than honor.


Passage 2
Early national concepts of fame differ greatly from their late-twentieth and
early-twenty-first- century equivalents. While today fame suggests little more than notoriety
(坏名声), in the early national period it encompassed (包含) an entire ethic (道德规范).
The concept of fame had particular power among the early national political elite (杰出
人物), though its roots reached back to the beginnings of Western civilization; Lives of the
Noble Greeks and Romans, by Plutarch, was a literal guide to gathering fame, describing and
ranking a series of heroes who had achieved immortal (不朽的) fame—the highest of goals.
In the early American Republic, young gentlemen schooled to find models of personal
behavior in Plutarch and other classical texts received this idea from a young age. As
Alexander Hamilton put it in The Federalist, “the love of fame” was the “ruling passion of
the noblest minds”.
As suggested by Plutarch’s image of great men, a man earned fame by doing great
deeds for the state. Francis Bacon mapped out a hierarchy (等级) of such acts in his widely
read Essayes, assigning fame to “fathers of their country” who reigned (统治) justly;
“champions of the empire” who defended or expanded territories; “saviors of empire” who
coped with national crises; lawgivers who governed descendants through their laws;
and—highest of all—“founders of states and commonwealths (共和国)”. For early national
leaders engaged in the creation of a new nation, this sensibility infused (注入) their political
efforts with a sense of lofty purpose as well as deep personal meaning. Seekers of fame
wanted to make history and leave their mark on the world. America’s founding generation
assumed that they were doing just that. “We live in an important era and in a new-country,”
Benjamin Rush observed in 1788. “Much good may be done by individuals and that too in a
short time.”
Fame was considered a noble passion because it transformed ambition and self-interest
into a desire to achieve great goals that served the public good. Even as fame fueled and
inspired a man’s ambitions, it reined (控制) them in; one could only achieve everlasting (永
恒的) fame through public service. In essence, fame was a selfish virtue, enabling leaders to
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be simultaneously (同时) self-serving and public- minded; in a sense, it humanized the
seemingly lofty and unreachable ideal of community-minded republican virtue.

16. From the early national period to today, the idea of fame has changed ______.
A. from “being ambitious” to “being selfish”
B. from “being famous” to “being ethical”
C. from “great power” to “noble passion”
D. from “good name” to “being well-known”

17. From Paragraph 2 we learn that ______.
A. the early national political elite looked down upon those who sought fame and fortune
B. Alexander Hamilton was eager to become a member of the upper class
C. Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans was about how Greek and Roman heroes
gathered fame
D. In the early American Republic, young gentlemen considered Plutarch’s essays a
guide to writing

18. From Paragraph 3, we know that early national leaders _______.
A. coped with many national crises
B. wanted to create a new nation as well as gather personal fame
C. made history without leaving any mark on the world
D. became selfish because of seeking fame

19. According to the last paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?
A. There is no everlasting fame.
B. Fame may fuel and inspire a man’s ambitions.
C. Fame may enable leaders to realize their ambitions through public service.
D. Fame may transform self-interest and ambition into a desire to achieve great goals.

20. What does this passage mainly talk about?
A. Concepts of fame in the early national period.
B. Two different concepts of fame.
C. Concepts of fame and ambition.
D. Noble passion of early national leaders.



Section Three
:

Reading in Depth


Have you ever known anyone famous? If so, you may have found that they are 21
similar to the rest of us. You may have even heard them 22 to people saying there is
anything different about them. “ I’m really just a normal guy,” 23 an actor who has
recently rocketed into the spotlight. There is, of course, usually a brief period when they
actually start to believe they are as great as their 24 fans suggest. They start to wear
fancy clothes and talk as if everyone should hear what they have to say. This period, 25 ,
does not often last long. They fall back to reality as fast as they had originally risen above it
all. What will it feel like to 26 to such altitude and look down like an eagle from up
high on everyone else? And what will it feel like to have flown so high only to 27
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from your dream and realize you are only human? Some only see the cruelty in losing
something they had 28 . They often make 29 attempts to regain what they lost.
Often these efforts result in even greater pain. Some become 30 financially and
emotionally. The only real winners are those who are happy to be back on the ground with
the rest of us.


Word Bank

A. bankrupt B. depressed C. desperate D. disappointing E. gained

F. hardly G. however H. moreover I. object J. protects

K. protests L. remarkably M. soar N. wake O. worshipping





II. Vocabulary and Structure

Section One: Word Building

31. The ____________ was committed while we were away for the weekend. (rob)

32. My brother is full of good ____________, but he never does anything about them!
(intent)

33. The lack of jobs in this area means that the workforce is easily ____________.
(exploit)

34. ___________ into the matter is pointless—no one will tell you anything. (enquire)

35. A large international meeting was held with the aim of promoting ____________
development in all countries. (sustain)

36. Make sure that all equipment is clean and free of ____________. (contaminate)

37. You have a legal ____________ to ensure your child receives a proper education.
(oblige)

38. When she began the job she showed ___________ and was promoted to manager after a
year. (initiate)

39.

He glared at me with an air of ___________, as if I had done something wrong.
(accuse)

40. Tom tried to
____________
his absence from the meeting by claiming that he had been ill
that day. (justification)

Section Two: Replacement

41. In our university, students are also encouraged to make use of the Arts Center and to
participate in music and drama.
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A. become involved in B. become addicted to
C. become interested in D. become absorbed in
42. The young artist’s parents object to his giving up his day job for fear that he might fail in
his quest for fame.
A. disapprove of B. appeal to C. insist on D. stick to

43. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.
A. more than B. besides C. in addition to D. except
44. We believe it’s possible to sustain growth through the use of different kinds of energy
that will allow for lower carbon emissions.
A. advocate B. maintain C. worship D. reserve
45. A special committee was formed to enquire into complaints made by several employees
who claimed to have been treated unfairly by the company.
A. investigate B. demonstrate C. collect D. depict
46. There is no doubt that children learn far more by example than by precept, and therefore
teachers have an obligation to behave well themselves.
A. a choice B. a duty C. an option D. a right
47. My doubts about my sister’s suitability for the position gradually disappeared when I
found that she had done her job quite well in the first two months.
A. brought about B. fell apart
C. melted away D. cooled off
48. The pillars that support the roof broke in the earthquake, leading to the collapse of the
house.
A. take up B. throw up C. hold up D. go up
49. The company believes the peaceful settlement of these issues should make it easier for the
deal to be signed.
A. take advantage of B. pave the way for
C. run the risk of D. long for
50. The pollution from the factories continues to contaminate the river and also poses health
threat to people living nearby.
A. purify B. decompose C. destroy D. pollute

Section Three: Word-Filling

51. The European Union is made up of 27 nations with ______ cultural, linguistic and
economic roots.
A. distinct B. apparent C. evident D. clear
52. Darby was looking for a way to improve the image of the company when he ______ the
idea of inviting students from the local universities to visit the company.
A. came about B. came upon C. came by D. came through
53. I don’t know the exact location of the church, ______ that it’s somewhere in the town
center.
A. rather than B. other than C. more than D. less than
54. If Henry did not attend the conference last night, he ______ too much work to do.
A. had B. has had C. must have D. must have had
55. The Prime Minister said his government would try to ______ public trust.
A. recall B. retreat C. restore D. reduce
56. It is believed that listening to gentle and soft music might help to _______ relaxation
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and reduce stress.
A. motivate B. induce C. guide D. inspire
57. The young driver looked over the engine carefully ______ it should go wrong on the
way.
A. considering B. provided C. lest D. fear
58. Stress can be extremely damaging to your health. Exercise, ______, can reduce its effects.
A. consequently B. thereby C. meanwhile D. therefore
59. The less you spend, the less you’ll owe, and the less likely you’ll ______ bankrupt.
A. stand up B. hold up C. end up D. put up
60. Some people think that most pills offer either no real improvement or, ______, only
moderate improvements.
A. at length B. at once C. at least D. at best


III. Listening Comprehension


Section One: Short Talks

61. (3)
What’s the woman working on?
A. She’s working on a paper about Greenland.
B. She’s working on a paper about Scotland.
C. She’s working on a book about Denmark.
D. She’s working on a book about Australia.
62. (3)
What do we learn about Greenland from the conversation?
A. It’s part of Canada.
B. It’s part of Denmark.
C. It’s off the coast of northwest America.
D. It’s the smallest island in the world.
63. (3)
What did the second speaker do over the summer?
A. He visited many places. B. He worked as a PE teacher.
C. He worked as a volunteer at a park. D. He worked part-time in a company.
64. (3)
Why can’t the man apply to the program?
A. Because he is too young for the program.
B. Because he doesn’t have a passport.
C. Because he isn’t an international student.
D. Because he doesn’t have enough money.
65. (3)
According to the woman, what should be done about overcrowding in cities?
A. Building more skyscrapers. B. Building in the suburbs.
C. Building down. D. Building in the downtown area.

Section Two: Long Talks
Long Talk 1 (3)
66. When did the giant zeppelin crash?
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A. In 1928. B. In 1934.
C. In 1946. D. In 1954.
67. Which of the following statements about the giant zeppelin is true?
A. It was flying from Germany to the United States when it crashed.
B. It was flying from Germany to Canada when it crashed.
C. It was flying from the United States to England when it crashed.
D. It was flying from Canada to Finland when it crashed.
68. How many people could a zeppelin accommodate?
A. 20 to 40. B. 30 to 40
C. 40 to 50. D. 50 to 60.
69. Why would people ride in a zeppelin?
A. Because it was the only mode of transportation they had.
B. Because it was the most popular mode of transportation.
C. Because it was cheap.
D. Because it was fast.
70. How long did it take to travel from Germany to the U.S. by zeppelin?
A. About two and a half days. B. About 3 days.
C. About four and a half days. D. About 5 days.

Long Talk 2 (3)
71. How old is the Louvre Museum?
A. It’s over 500 years old. B. It’s about 500 years old.
C. It’s over 50 years old. D. It’s about 50 years old.
72. How many people visit the Louvre Museum each year?
A. 6,000 B. 60,000
C. 600,000 D. 6,000,000
73. What did I.M. Pei design in the centre of the Louvre Museum?
A. A restaurant. B. A supermarket.
C. A café. D. A glass pyramid.

Long Talk 3 (3)
74. Which of the following statements about the new station is NOT true?
A. It’s in a huge shopping center.
B. It’s in the newest part of the city.
C. It contains a hotel.
D. It contains a department store.
75. Why did some people disapprove of the new station?
A. Because they disapproved of its location.
B. Because they thought that it would cost a lot of money.
C. Because they considered it unnecessary.
D. Because they were afraid that it would destroy the city’s traditional look.

Section Three: Dictation
Listen to the audio MP3, 3, and fill in the missing words with what you hear.
(3)
Takeshi and Roberto (76) __________ a construction site and start talking about all the
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buildings that are being built in New York. Takeshi then talks about how much he (77)
__________ the skyscrapers. (78) __________, Takeshi starts taking pictures of the site, but
Roberto can’t understand why because nothing has been built yet. Takeshi explains that he
thinks something famous may be there (79) __________, like a hotel where the rich and
famous stay, and he wants to be the only one with pictures of it before it was built. The funny
part is when Roberto asks one of the construction workers what’s being built on the site—it
(80) __________ it’s going to be a parking garage!


IV. Translation
Section One: From Chinese into English

81. 有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大的努力，以此来为自己的失败辩护。(justify sth. by)
82. 我们忠于我们的承诺：凡是答应做的，我们都会做到。(remain true to)
83. 我们错过了最后一班公交车，所以除了走路回家别无选择。(other than)
84. 我忙了一整天，想为旅行准备好一切。(chase one’s tail)
85. 他们不敢喧嚣，以免影响邻居。(lest)

Section Two: From English into Chinese

86.
“Don’t quit your day job!” is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic
family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed. The conquest
of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not financially bankrupt. Still,
impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fans and praise from peers may spur the
artist on. The lure of drowning in fame’s imperial glory is not easily resisted.
Reference:

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