形容人的贬义词：综合教程第二册unit 2讲稿

2020年11月29日发(作者：季益)
Unit 2 Values
Text A
Global Reading
Ⅰ. Part Division of the Text
Part
1
2
Paragraph(s)
1~2
3~12
Main Ideas
The writer’s encounter with a boy who raised the question “Are
you poor?”
In search of an answer the writer finds that not having expensive
possessions doesn’t make him feel poor mainly because he enjoys
life in many other ways.
In conclusion, the writer thinks he’s grown to understand more
about himself because of the boy’s question.
3

13
Ⅱ. Further Understanding
For Part 1
Table Completion
About the question the author was asked
Who asked the question?
What was the question?
What was the author’s reply?
A boy.
Are you poor?
Well, I have more than some people, but not as
much as others.
What did the mother do after the question She scolded her son.
was asked?

For Part 2
True or False
1. The author has taken just two vacation trips in the past 35 years. (F)
(=The author has taken just one vacation trips in the past 35 years.)
2. One of his main sources of enjoyment is to talk with many actor friends. (F)
(=One of his main sources of enjoyment is to talk with many interesting writer friends.)
3. The author feels quite natural about not being focused on material goods. (T)
4. Only a small part of people in the world would consider the author’s lifestyle to be affluent. (F)
(=Many people throughout the world would consider the author’s lifestyle to be affluent.)
5. The author has a sense of belonging as he put on the Salvation Army’s red apron. (T)

Questions and Answers
1. How does the author think of attaining the material things?
(=He thinks it is just a passing whim.)
2. When does the author feel rich inside?
(=He feels rich inside when he writes a beautiful line of poetry, or fabricate a funny joke.)
3. How did the author think of the girl before he took her to his apartment?
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(=He thought the girl was so special that he could share life with.)
4. What is something that the author feels deeply connected to?
(=People helping people.)
Detailed Reading
Ⅰ. Difficult Sentences
1. (LL. 1~2) It was early December 2003, my first season as a Salvation Army bell ringer, when I
was confronted with the question.
1. What does a Salvation Army bell ringer do?
(=To ring the bell and ask people to donate money to help the poor.)
2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.
(=首次面对这个问题，是在2003年12月初我第一次为救世军摇铃募捐的时候。)

2. (LL. 5~6) I can still see the confusion and curiosity in his eyes as he asked, “Are you poor?”
1. Why did the boy ask such a question?
(=Because he was confused and curious.)
2. How much did the boy know about the Salvation Army bell ringer?
(=Obviously he knew nothing about that.)

3. (LL. 7~8) “Well,” I stammered, trying to think, “I have more than some people, but not as
much as other.”
1. How did the author think of the question?
(=He thought it was difficult to answer.)
2. What does the author’s answer mean?
(=This means he is neither poor nor rich.)

4. (LL. 8~9) His mother scolded him for the social no-no ...
1. What is “social no- no”?
(=Something that is socially inappropriate.)
2. Why did the mother scold her son?
(=Because the author looked poor, the question was socially inappropriate to ask.)

5. (LL. 13~14) Yet I feel nothing more than a passing whim to attain the material things so many
other people have.
1. What do many other people have?
(=The material things.)
2. Please paraphrase this sentence.
(=However, I have only occasionally felt the urge to go after the material things so many
other people have.)

6. (LL. 19~20) And I love the “can do” attitude that follows.
1. What is the “can do” attitude?
(=That is self confidence.)
2. How do you understand this sentence?
2

(=And I love the feeling of self confidence brought by brisk exercises.)

7. (L. 31) Shortly after her visit, our relationship went straight south.
1. What was their relationship after her visit?
(=Their relationship went sour. That is to say, they were no longer boyfriend and girlfriend.)
2. Why there was such a change in their relationship?
(=Because the girl actually paid much attention to material things although she claimed that
she was interested in what was on the inside, and after she went to the author’s apartment,
she found he was really poor.)

8. (LL. 35~38) There is a commercial on the radio that begins, “Everybody wants a high-end
TV …” The pressure to purchase is real. It may be true that everybody wants a high-end TV.
After all, nobody wants to be a nobody.
1. What is “a high-end TV”?
(=A TV that is expensive and of high quality.)
2. What can be inferred from this part about what role commercials can play in society?
(=Commercials can put people under pressure to purchase more than is really necessary.)

9. (L. 49) December is the time of year I feel wealthiest.
Why does the author think so?
(=Because December is the time for him to work for the Salvation Army as a bell ringer,
which gives him a genuine sense of belonging and brings him happiness in helping others.)

10. (LL. 50~51) Over the past four years, I’ve grown to understand more about myself because
of a single question from a curious child.
1. How has the boy’s question affected the author?
(=The boy’s question has helped him realize that, despite his lack of expensive possessions,
he is rich in many other ways and should be thankful for that.)
2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.
(=由于一个好奇的孩子提了一个简单问题，我在过去的四年中对自己的了解进了一步。)

Ⅱ. Words and Expressions
1. (L. 2) confront: vt.
1) (of a problem, difficulty, etc.) face (sb.) threateningly
* The difficulties that confront us seem insuperable.
* A major difficulty that confronts international students is how best to judge the quality of a
program in a foreign university.
2) (of a person) face and deal with (a problem, difficulty, etc.)
军人必须面对危险和死亡。
(=A soldier has to confront danger and death.)
* Astronauts have to confront the unknown.

be confronted with: be brought face to face
(=The prisoner was confronted with his accusers.)
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* conclusions that can be confronted with experience

2. (L. 3) donation: n. money or goods given for a good cause
* The hospital receives a good deal of money in donations.
他们对慈善事业慷慨捐助。
(=They made a generous donation to charity.)

Collocation:
a blood donation 献血
makegive a donation 捐赠
promise a donation 允诺捐助

3. (L. 5) confusion: n. a state of uncertainty about what sth. means, etc.
* The enemy retreated in great confusion.
他们的突然到来打乱了我们的计划。
(=Their unexpected arrival threw our plan into confusion.)

Collocation:
covered with confusion 非常慌张
in confusion 乱七八糟，处于混乱状态
throw into confusion 使狼狈，使慌乱

N.B.: 该词的动词为confuse，confusing意思是“令人困惑、迷惑的”， confused意思是“糊涂
的、混杂的”。

4. (L. 5) curiosity: n. a strong desire to know about sth.
* Just to satisfy my curiosity, how much did you pay for your car?
(=We burned with curiosity over what was in the box.)

5. (L. 7) stammer: v. speak with a tendency to repeat rapidly the same sound or syllable
* It’s cruel to make fun of people who stammer.
他结结巴巴地道了谢。
(=He stammered his thanks.)

6. (L. 10) deny: vt.
1) say that sth. is not true
* There is no denying the fact that Japan began to invade China as early as the early 1930’s.
2) refuse to admit or accept
(=He denied knowing anything about their plans.)

7. (L. 10) fill out: add information such as your name and address in (a form or document)
* It took me quite a while to fill out the questionnaire.
请把附表填好。
(=Please fill out the attached blank.)
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8. (L. 11) fall into: belong to (a particular group of things that have similar qualities)
理事会成员们意见相左，分成自由和保守两个阵营
(=The council members disagreed, falling into liberal and conservative camps.)
* All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without.


9. (L. 13) nothing more than: only, just
(=Happiness is nothing more than good health and a bad memory.)
这只不过是个杜撰的故事而已。
(=It is nothing more than a made-up story.)

10. (L. 19) attain: vt. succeed in achieving, esp. after a lot of effort
我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。
(=I’m determined to attain my purpose at any cost.)
* She attained her ambition of becoming a pilot.

11. (L. 16) minimal: adj. very small in size or amount; as small as possible
暴风雨只造成极轻微的损失。
(=The storm did only minimal damage.)
* The Ford CEO offered to work for a minimal salary of one dollar a year.

N.B.: 该词的动词为minimize。反义词为maximal。

12. (L. 21) cherish: vt. love (.) very much and protect them
(=Riding horses with my mother when I was a kid has become a cherished memory.)
* She cherished the child as though he were her own.

13. (L. 21) fabricate: vt. make up (a story, a piece of information, etc.) in order to deceive people
* Have you ever lied a little, or fabricated a story about yourself, to impress someone
you meet the first time?
她缺席的借口显然是瞎编的。
(=The excuse for her absence was obviously fabricated.)

14. (L. 22) tickle: v.
1) amuse and interest
* The comedian tickled the crowd with his jokes.
* It tickled her to think that her boss would dress up as a clown at the New Year party.
2) move one’s fingers on a sensitive part of another’s body in a way that makes them laugh
* She tickled the boy's feet and made him laugh.
婴儿喜欢轻轻呵痒和紧紧拥抱。
(=Babies like to be tickled and hugged.)

15. (L. 25) vital: adj. very important, necessary, or essential
(=This point is vital to my argument.)
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* The leader’s vital and cheerful manner filled his men with courage.

Pattern:
be vital to … 对…极为重要

16. (L. 25) well off: rich, or having enough money to live well
* The Communist Party of China will lead the Chinese people in building a well-off
society.
如果他年轻时多努力一点，现在就能过得舒服些。
(=If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now.)

17. (L. 26) emotional: adj. connected with people’s feelings
(=His emotional language reduced many of the audience to tears.)
* Nature has programmed us all with both physical and emotional needs.

18. (L. 26) pursuit: n. the act of looking for or trying to find
我们为追求幸福生活而努力工作。
(=We work hard in pursuit of happy life.)
* He exercises every day in pursuit of health.
19. (L. 26) out of place: feeling uncomfortable or not suitable in a particular situation
* Your jokes are out of place on such a solemn occasion.
在正式的舞会上，我感到局促不安，很不自在。
(=At the formal party I felt very awkward and out of place.)

20. (L. 34) in contrast to: when a contrast is made to
* In contrast to her sister, she is very tall.
(=In contrast to his brother, he is always considerate of others.)

21. (L. 35) consequence: n. a result of sth. that has happened
* Jimmy experienced severe headache as a consequence of heavy drinking the night
before.
这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果。
(=Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous consequences.)

Collocation:
as a consequence 因而，结果
in consequence 因此，结果
in consequence of …的结果，因为…的缘故，由于
of consequence 有势力的，重要的
take the consequences 自食其果，承担责任

(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
1. The dilemmas that parents find themselves in today is a _______ of changes in society.
(=consequence)
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2. I tried to persuade him, but with little or no ______. (=effect)
3. One of the ______ of this illness is that you lose your hair. (=effects)
4. It represents the ______ of ten years’ labor. (=result)
5. The high level of unemployment has produced harmful social ______. (=consequences)

22. (L. 36) commercial:
1. n. an advertisement on TV or radio
* TV commercials today are more imaginative than they were 20 years ago.
2. adj. relating to business
* He left the commercial world to become a government official.
商业函件
(=commercial correspondence)

23. (L. 39) focus: v. concentrate (one’s attention, etc.) on (sth.); concentrate (on sth.)
(=You should focus your attention on your work.)
* The only way to attain your goals is to stay focused and work hard.

24. (L. 41) affluent: adj. rich enough to buy things for pleasure
自然资源丰富的土地
(=land affluent in natural resources)
* In an affluent society people can afford to strike a balance between work and life.

25. (L. 43) genuine: adj. real, true
他真心诚意地愿意帮助我们。
(=He has a genuine desire to help us.)
* It appears to be genuine, but I have my suspicions about it.

26. (L. 45) go through: experience (sth. difficult or unpleasant)
* He’s amazingly cheerful considering all that he’s gone through.
孩提时代, 他经历了一个又一个的艰难困苦。
(=When he was a child, he went through one hardship after another.)

(Directions:) Choose the appropriate translation for the expression “go through” in the following
sentences.
A. 检查、审查、搜查
B. 完成、做完
C. 遭受、经历
D. 看完

D 1. How long will it take to go through the book?
C 2. I’m flattered that you went through all this trouble just for me.
A went through our luggage at the customs.
B 4. With great concentration she went through the movements.

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27. (L. 47) linger: vi.
1) last or continue for a long time
* Before leaving Suzhou, we took a last lingering look at the beautiful view.
(=The beautiful melody is lingering in my mind.)
2) take a long time to leave or disappear
* He lingered outside the school after everybody else had gone home.

28. (L. 47) individual:
1. n. person considered separately from their society
个人权利
(=rights of individuals)
* The welfare of the individual is bound up with the welfare of the community.
2. adj. of or for one person
* A good coach knows how to take best advantage of the strength of each individual
player on the team.
* She has her own individual way of walking.

29. (L. 52) tangible: adj. that can be clearly seen to exist; that you can touch and feel
* Tangible assets refer to those assets that have a physical form, such as machinery,
buildings and land.
(=Sculpture is a tangible art form.)

N.B.: 该词的反义词为intangible。


After Reading
Ⅰ. Useful Expressions
1. 面临，遭遇
2. 仰头向上看
3. 填写
4. 属于
5. 仅仅，不多于，不强于
6. 转瞬即逝的念头
7. 磨损，损耗
8. 虽然，尽管
9. 期望，盼望
10. 富裕的，有钱的
11. 不自在，格格不入
12. 陈旧的家具
13. …之后不久
14. 走下坡路，失败
15. 转折点
16. 与…形成对比
17. 对…予以注意，致力于

be confronted with
look up at
fill out
fall into
nothing more than
a passing whim
wear and tear
in spite of
look forward to
well off
out of place
dated furniture
shortly after
go south
a turning point
in contrast to
focus on
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18. 归属感
19. 遭遇困难
20. 久不消逝的微笑
21. 为…感恩
22. 收入最低的档次
23. 创作才能
24. 对物质财富的追求








a sense of belonging
go through a rough time
a lingering smile
be thankful for
the lowest income bracket
the gift of creativity
the pursuit of possessions
Ⅱ. Sentence Translation
1. The pressure to purchase is real. It may be true that everybody wants a high-end TV. After all,
nobody wants to be a nobody.
(=购买这种电视机的压力千真万确。也许每个人真的都想要一台高 档电视机，毕竟没有人想
做一个无名之辈。)
2. I was standing just outside the doorway of a Wal-Mart, offering a “thank you” and a smile to
each person who dropped a donation into my red kettle.
(=当时我 就站在沃尔玛商场入口处门外，对每一位向我的红壶里投入捐款的人都报以一声
“谢谢”和一个微笑。)
3. My 1999 car shows the wear and tear of 105, 000 miles. But it is still dependable.
(=我的汽车是1999年的产品，到现在开了十万五千英里，已经很破很旧了，但是它依然
可靠。)
4. But there is one vital area of my life where I am not so well off. In a society that spends so
much emotional energy on the pursuit of possessions, I feel out of place.
(=但是在我生 活中，有一个重要方面我并不那么富有。在一个对物资财富的追求投入如此
之多心力的社会中，我觉得很 不自在。)
5. 然而，想要得到其他那么多人都有的物质的东西, 对我来说，只不过是转瞬即逝的念头而
已。
(=Yet I feel nothing more than a passing whim to attain the material things so many other
people have.)
6. 五十三年来我一直非常健康。我不但不生病，而且精力充沛，情绪饱满。
(=I’ve enjoyed exceptionally good health for 53 years. It's not just that I've been illness-free, it's
that I feel vigorous and spirited.)
7. 当我写 出美丽的诗句，或编造出能把人逗乐的笑话，我内心感到很富有。通过写作而获
得的洞察力，不断地令我 惊奇。
(=When I write a beautiful line of poetry, or fabricate a joke that tickles someone, I feel rich
inside. I'm continually surprised at the insights that come through my writing process.)
8. 她对我说，对她而言，最重要的是“一个人的内心”。我以为我找到了非同一般的生活伴
侣。
(=What was most important to her, she told me, was on the inside.I thought I had
found someone special to share my life with.)



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Text B
Ⅰ. Culture Notes
1. Rolls-Royce
☆ any of the large, expensive, comfortable cars made by the British company Rolls-Royce
☆ The company was formed in 1905-1906 by Charles Rolls (1877-1910) and Henry Royce
(1863-1933).
☆ Rolls-Royce Motor Cars was sold to Volkswagen in 1998.

2. dime store
It’s a store offering a wide assortment of inexpensive items, formerly costing five or ten cents, for
personal and household use.

3. Ford Motor Company
☆ a large US company that makes cars
☆ established in Detroit in 1903 by Henry Ford
☆ It has produced the Lincoln since 1922 and the Mercury since 1938.

4. Forbes
Forbes is an American business magazine. It is noted for its lists of the richest men and women in
business.

5. Samuel Moore Walton
Life time
Identity
The first Wal-Mart
Pioneering practice
recipes for success
March 29, 1918~April 5, 1992
founder of the American retailer Wal-Mart
opened on July 2, 1962 in Arkansas
and
1)
The shelves were consistently stocked with a wide range of
goods at low prices
2)
The store stayed open later than most other stores.
3)
He practiced discount merchandising to pass on savings to
his customers and drive up his sales volume.

Ⅱ. Language Study
1. (para. 2) discount: n. amount of money which may be taken off the full price
* Traditional retailers who’ve opened cyber-stores may offer special discounts to online
shoppers.
尽管网上书店常有折扣，但不要期望能省多少。
(=Although online bookstores usually offer discounts, don't expect to save much.)

2. (para. 5) folk: n. people in general (You can refer to people as folk or folks.)
* These are the folks from the local TV station.
他们结了婚，有了孩子，像其他人一样生活。
(=They got married and had kids and lived like other folks.)

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3. (para. 5) get away with: do sth. wrong or risky without being caught or punished (In the text, it
means “do sth. without experiencing any problems or difficulties”)
* They claimed that they knew how to play the system and get away with it.
艾力克偷税漏税好些年，都没碰到麻烦。
(=Eric has been getting away with tax fraud for years.)

4. (para. 5) Only in America can a billionaire carry on like plain folks and get away with it.
Paraphrase the sentence.
(=Only in America can a very rich person live like ordinary people without experiencing any
problems.)

5. (para. 5) local: adj. of or for a particular place
* The plane was to take off at 6 a.m. and land at 7 a.m. local time.
主办奥运会所需的四分之三的投资将由中央政府和当地政府承担。
(=Three-quarters of the investment needed to host the Olympics would be borne by
central and local government.)

6. (para. 6) corporate: adj. relating to large companies
* The two companies decided to merge to take advantage of similarities in their corporate
cultures.
谷歌公司总部位于加州的山景城。
(=The corporate headquarters of Google Inc. is located in Mountain View, California.)

7. (para. 7) by all accounts: according to what everyone says
* The Chinese football team will play the Koreans tonight. It should be a match
worth watching, by all accounts.
大家都说汤姆是个很棒的老师。
(=Tom, by all accounts, is a superb teacher.)

8. (para. 7) blend: v. mix together
* The singer is known for blending Latin pop and American mainstream pop in her songs.
我们早饭吃什么？混合了香蕉、草莓、椰枣和芒果的水果布丁。
(=What do we have for breakfast? A fruit pudding of blended bananas, strawberries,
dates and mangos.)
blend ininto: If sb. blends into a particular group or situation, or if they blend in, they seem
to belong there or are not noticeable, because their behavior is similar to that
of the other people involved. (used in the patterns: blend in; blend into sth.;
blend in with sth.)
* As a newly- appointed manager, he was not sure whether he could blend in.
* The painter blended in with the crowd at the art sale.
他说的话坚定了我的信念，要和周围打成一片。
(=What he said reinforced my determination to blend in with my surroundings.)

9. (para. 7) By all accounts, he’s friendly, cheerful, a fine neighbor who does his best to blend in,
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never flashy, never throwing his weight around.
Translate the sentence.
(=人人 都说他为人友善，性情开朗，是个好邻居；他尽力与人们融洽相处，从不炫耀，
也不盛气凌人。)

10. (para. 12) But one recent morning, The Richest Man in America did something that would
have made headlines anywhere in the world: He forgot his money.
Paraphrase the sentence.
(=But one recent morning, The Richest Man in America did something to people’s surprise
that would appear as a piece of news: He forgot his money.)

11. (para. 14) But just how long Walton can hold firm to his folksy habits with celebrity hunters
keeping following him wherever he goes is anyone’s guess.
Paraphrase the sentence.
(=然而，沃尔顿所到之处专门报道名人的记者紧跟不舍，他的平民习惯能保持多久，就
很难说了。)

12. (para. 14) on the run: trying hard to hide or escape from sb.
* Princess Diana died while on the run from paparazzi.
他在逃避警方的追捕。
(=He is on the run from the police.)

13. (para. 15) rank: v. put (.) into a position according to their size, importance, etc.
* Jim was so sure of himself that he only applied to those universities ranked in the top
10 on the annual U.S. News & World Report issue on “America's Best Colleges.”
搜索引擎按相关度对搜索结果进行排名，最先展现的是最相关的记录。
(=This search engine ranks search results in order of relevance, showing you the most
relevant records first.)

14. (para. 15) make up: form, constitute
* Women make up nearly 50% of university entrants.
这所大学由14个系和5个研究中心构成。
(=The college is made up of fourteen departments and five research centers.)

15. (para. 16) rally: n. a large, usu. political public meeting
* Overseas Chinese held rallies around the world on Sunday and Monday to voice their
support for the Beijing Olympic Games.
巴拉克·奥巴马在集会上以“我们需要改变”这个口号结束了演讲。
(=Barak Obama’s speech at the rally ended with the slogan “Change we need.”)

16. (para. 16) liable: adj. likely (to do sth.)
* It's liable to snow heavily tomorrow.
由于天气恶劣，运动会可能推迟到下周。
(=The sports meeting is liable to be postponed until next week because of the bad
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weather.)

17. (para. 17) lay down: establish (sth.) as a rule or principle
* Conditions for membership are laid down in the soccer club rules.
校方印发了新册子，规定了学生守则。
(=The school authorities have issued a new booklet laying down regulations for
students.)

18. (para. 17) loyalty: n. the quality of staying firm in your friendship or support for sb. sth.; a
strong feeling that one wants to be faithful to . (followed by to)
* My father is a soccer fan. His loyalty to the local team has taken him all over the
country to see them play.
一旦拿定了主意，李将军就没有动摇过对南方的忠诚。
(=Once his mind was made up, General Lee never changed his loyalty to the
South.)

19. (para. 18) One tennis guest managed to put him off this game by asking why a can of balls cost
more in one Wal-Mart than another. It turned out to be untrue, but the move
worked. Walton lost four straight games.
Translate the sentence.
(=一位来打网球的客人为了分散他打球的注意力，故意问了句为 什么一筒球在一家沃尔
玛店卖得比别的沃尔玛店贵。此话并非实情，但这一招真管用。沃尔顿连输四局。 )

20. (para. 19) cultivate: vt.
1) make a special effort to establish and develop (a relationship, attitude, etc.)
* Some students try to cultivate a love of art.
他们鼓励学生培养对理论物理的特殊兴趣。
(=They encourage students to cultivate special interests in theoretical physics.)
2) prepare land and grow crops on it
他们在郊区耕耘了500英亩土地。
(=They cultivated 500 acres in the suburbs.)

21. (para. 19) reward: vt. give sth. to (sb.) in return for work or services (used in the pattern:
reward sb. for sth. with sth.)
* The officer is to be rewarded for his efforts with promotion to the rank of
inspector.
如果你期末考试考得好，我奖励你一趟香港游。
(=If you do well in the final exams, I will reward you with a trip to Hong Kong.)

22. (para. 20) stun: vt. shock and surprise
* The minute the door opened, I felt too stunned to open my mouth, staring at her
scarred face under the glaring lamp.
尸体在宁静的街道被发现，四周的街坊们说他们对这起谋杀感到非常震惊。
(=Neighbors at the quiet street where the body was found said they were stunned
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at the murder.)

23. (para. 20) generosity: n. kindness, esp. in giving things to people
* Christmas is a season to show your generosity.
他能完成大学学业，多亏了叔叔的慷慨大方。
(=He was able to finish college thanks to the remarkable generosity of his
uncle.)

24. (para. 22) come into contact (with): communicate with; touch
* The young Muslim came into contact with a terrorist group in Leeds some years ago.
你什么时候初次接触到哈罗·品特？
(=When was the first time you came into contact with Harold Pinter?)

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