汉字对联：语法

2020年11月29日发(作者：颜泽玉)
语法

定语从句
It is the classroom (that) we are learning English.


This is the way (that) I teach you English.

This is the way in which I teach you English .

This is the reason why I am angry.
This is the reason I am angry.
This is the reason for which I am angry.

非谓语动词




Mark often attempts to escape ____ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
having been fined
to have been fined
to be fined
being fined

sending



I am sending you some samples.

Having been fined 10 yuan, I am angry. 现在分词完成时的被动语态作原因状语，一表示和逻辑主语即主句的主语之间是被动关系；
二表示时 间的先后。

Fined 10 yuan, I am angry.

Having been fined 10 yuan made me angry.

动名词短语作主语
lethavemake sb. do .

Being fined 10 yuan made me angry.

sending being sent
having sent Having been sent
having been sending

Having sent the goods, you can get the money.

Sending the goods, you can get the money.

The goods having been sent, you can get the money.
现在分词完成时的被动语态的独立结构作原因状语，一表示和其逻辑主语the goods之间
是被动关系；二表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。
I watch him playing football.
I watch him play football.
I saw the policeman catching him.
I saw the policeman catch him.
I saw him caught by the policeman.
I saw him being caught by the policeman.


非谓语动词 现在分词和过去分词作表语或定语的区别
annoyed annoying

The speech is disappointing.
We are disappointed.
The teacher is disappointing.

excited exciting

an exciting singer
an excited singer


The film is interesting.
My job is teaching English.
He is teaching English.

虚拟语气

The doctor suggested that the boy ____ to the hospital.

should send B. be sent

C. Would be sent C. Could be sent





I suggest that you should read English every day.

It is suggested that you should read English every day .

Given enough time, we would have finished this job ahead of time.

If you had given us enough time, we would have finished this job ahead of time.


You didn’t give us enough time, so we couldn’t finish this job ahead of time.

With enough time, we could finished this job ahead of time.




But for your help, they couldn’t have succeeded.

You helped them, so they succeeded.

If you hadn’t helped them, they couldn’t have succeeded.

But for your help, they couldn’t have succeeded.

But that you helped them, they couldn’t have succeeded.


You helped them. Otherwise, they couldn’t have succeeded.

I will be busy tomorrow. Otherwise, I could help you a lot.


If I had time, I could teach you more important points.

If I had time, I could teach you more important points.

If I had had time, I could have taught you more important points.

Had I had time, I could have taught you more important points.

If I hadn’t met you, I could not have succeeded.

Had I not met you, I could not have succeeded.








If I have time,



















Given enough time, we finished this job ahead of time.

Given enough time, we can finish this job ahead of time.

If you give us enough time, we can finish this job ahead of time.


You giving us enough time, we can finish this job ahead of time











My suggestion is that you should read English every day.

You’d better accept my suggestion that you should read English every day.



































No matter when
No matter where

Whatever whoever whichever
Whomever however

No matter who you are, I believe you.
Whoever you are, I believe you.

I believe whoever you are.











It is in the classroom that we are learning English.


It is the classroom where we are learning English. 定语从句
先行词the classroom在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。


It is the classroom that we are learning English in.
It is the classroom in which we are learning English .

先行词the classroom 在 定语从句中作介词in的宾语，指物，可以用关系代词whichthat
引导定语从句，并且没有介词 前移的情况，关系代词还可以省略。

1. _____ with the developed countries, some Africa countries are left far behind
in terms of people’s living standard.
A. Compare
B. To compare
C. Compared
D. Comparing
_____ with the one borrowed from the library, the book bought yesterday is much
more interesting.

_____ with the one borrowed from the library, you will know the book bought yesterday
is much more interesting.




___falling leaves
fallen leaves

Sleeping bag
Sleeping boy

He is the student being taught by me.
He is the student to be taught by me.




2. You were silly not ____ your car.
A. to lock
B. to have locked
C. locking
D. having locked

I come here to teach you English.
I am glad to meet you.

He hurried to the railway station, only to be told that the train had already gone.

Hurry to do sth.
Hurry to +地点名词


3. In nature, there is nothing more important than the sun,_____we get heat and
light.
A. by which
B. from which
C. with which
D. to which

Sth. Blue
Sth. New
Sth. Old
Sth. Borrowed



4. --- Time for foot ball game. Do you mind if I change to sports channel?
--- .
Yes, I agree
B. No, no change
C. Yes, please
D. Not at all. Go ahead
Li Lei didn’t meet the American professor _____ he was on holiday in America last
year.

Not until he was on holiday in America last year did Li Lei meet the American
professor.
A. unless
B. until
C. if
D. Whether

until till 介词 连词
I didn’t see him until he called me.
Not until he called me did I see him.
He didn’t come in until 8:00.
Not until 8:00 did he come in.

It was not until 8:00 that he came in.

I listened to the radio until 8:00.
I didn’t listen to the radio until 8:00.
Not until 8:00 didi I listen to the radio.


Not until 引导的时间状语（从句）位于句首，主句必须倒装。





So adv. 如此 修饰形容词或副词
Such adj. 这么；如此，修饰名词
So good a book
Such a good book

如果修饰不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式，只能用such
such good books
如果名词被many much little few修饰，只能用so。
在含有sosuch ...that 结果状语从句 句型中，So such 引出的部分位于句首，主句要
倒装。

He ran so fast that I could catch up with him.
So fast did he run that I could catch up with him.

It is such a good book that I want to buy it at once.
Such a good book is it that I want to buy it at once.




6. So _____ after she learned the good news that she could hardly fall asleep that
night.
A. excited the mother was
B. was the mother excited
C. the mother was excited
D. excited was the mother

7. I always keep candles in the house _____ there is a power cut.
A. if
B. in case
C. on condition that
D. when
8._____ he failed in the exam was that he had not prepared at all.
A. The reason why
B. The reason for
C. The reason which
D. The reason of


9. Mr. Li said that he would be punctual for the appointment, _____ he were late.
A. so that
B. but what if
C. how about
D. and what about

He jumps high.
high highly

10. I told him we thought highly _____ his plays and we still put them on the boards.
A. in B. about
C. of D. for
11. This time next week I’ll be on vacation. Probably I _____ on a beautiful beach.
A. am lying B. have lain
C. will be lying D. will have lain



12. _____, we went swimming in the river.
A. The day being very hot
B. It was a very hot day
C. The day was very hot
D. It being very hot

It being Sunday, I want to have a rest.

Such being the case, I can not help you.

There being no class, I want to go home.

There is

She didn’t go to the cinema until she finished her term paper.

Not until she finished her term paper did she go to the cinema.


13. She didn’t go to the cinema last night, _____ she had to finish her term paper.
A. as B. if
C. till D. Though


asthough

Although
表语+asthough+主语+系动词
adj. n
如果单数可数名词作表语，位于句首，前面不能用任何冠词。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Young as he is, he knows a lot.
Old as he looks, he is 20 years old.





副词+asthough+主语+谓语动词
Fast as he ran, I caught up with him at once




谓语动词原形+宾语+asthough +主语+助动词(do does will shall would should
情态动词

Like him as we do, we should let me do the job himself.





Do does
Have done

分词+asthough+主语+系动词be
Raining as it is, we should go to school on time.


Helped as he was, he didn’t say a word and left.

14. By this time next year, we _____ all the land into field.
A. had turned B. will have turned C. have turned D. have been turning

By this time next year, all the land will have been turned into field.

By this time next year, all the land is to have been turned into field.


will have been turned



15. It is time that we _____ computers to the production of iron and steel.
A. will apply
B. applied
C. have applied
D. would have applied

appy for
appy to


16. _____ Sarah has got a well-paid job, she will no longer have to rely on her
parents.
A. Although B. Now that
C. Even after D. Since that
_____ he did at the party surprised everyone very much.


Where B. Which C. It D. What

How I teach English is very important.

What I teach is very important.

Where I am going to teach English has not decided yet.

18. She did nothing but _____ the whole time she was there.
A. complain B. be complaining
C. complained D. Complaining








butexcept 介词+ to do sth.
如果butexcept 前有实义动词do的任何形式(do does did done)，那么其后动词不定
式没有to；如果前没有实义动词do的任何形式(do does did done)，那么to不能省略。
He did nothing but complain.
He has nothing to do but complain.

He has nothing to eat but to complain.
I have no choice but to wait.







19. _____ , he refused to give any explanation.
A. When asked to comment on the quality of the goods
B. When he being asked to comment on the quality of goods
C. When asking to comment on the quality of the goods
D. When he asked to comment on the quality of the goods

make a comment on .



20. The fact _____ she had not said anything surprised all of us.
A. which B. what
C. that D. How



The fact (whichthat) she told me surprised all of us.

What she told me surprised all of us.



21. With the teacher _____ me, I feel quite at ease.
A. help B. helped
C. helping D. being help




I want to go where we spent our holidays last summer.

I miss where we spent our holidays last summer.


22. It _____ me of the village where we spent our holidays last summer.
A. remembers B. relieves
C. recalls D. Reminds

It reminds me of the village wherein which we lived last summer.

Live vi
Live in


remind sb. of sth.
remind sb. that...


inform sb. of sth.
inform sb. That...

_____ of the man’s name, we had trouble finding him in the hospital.

not Informed
Not informing
Having not been informed
Not having been informed
Not been informed
否定副词not必须放在非谓语动词之前。



23. My wife was so _____ in the novel that I hadn’t dared to make a sound.
A. focused B. absorbed
C. missed D. Concentrated

dare need
need want require
动名词作宾语，主动形式表示被动意义
如果是被动意义，动词不定式作宾语，必须使用被动语态。

The classroom needs cleaning.
The classroom needs to be cleaned.

Deserve
The teacher deserves respecting.
to be respected

needn’t to do sth. (x)
You do not need to do sth.

I dare to tell the truth.

A person who dare die dares to tell the truth.










24. If any lady owns this watch, will she please come forward and _____ it?
A. ask B. require
C. return D. claim
25. The _____ city for the 2008 Olympic Games is Beijing.
A. host B. only
C. master D. main
26. When I first met him, I had the _____that he was a shy boy.
A. impression B. meaning
C. viewpoint D. progress

27. We could not persuade him to accept it, _____ make him realize the importance
of it.
A. you could neither B. nor could you C. you could either D. nor you could
He is a good student.
So he is.

So am I.

So are you.

He can teach you.
So can she.

He can’t teach you.

NeitherNor can I.

Tom is a good student and he can help you.
So it is with Mary.








28. We _____ it _____ that they would accept the proposal.
A. made...for granted
B. took?for granted
C. took?for granting
D. made?for granting

Don’t take everything for grante
have to put off the sports meeting _____ the exam.
A. owing to B. in case of
C. lack of D. in spite of

delay cancel


30. Only in this way _____ out the enemy troops.
A. can we wipe B. we wiped
C. we can wiped D. did we wiped

You should read English every day.
Only in this way can you make great progress .

Only in school do I want to study English.

Only when all of you fall asleep, can I study English carefully.


Would rather do than do



31. In fact I would rather leave for San Francisco _____ in Los Angeles.
A. by staying B. than stay
C. than staying D. to stay

have sth. Done

You should have your boy educated.

With the development of science and technology, man can makehave the flowers bloom
in advance.

You need to have your eyes examined.





32. She is going to town _____.
A. to have repaired her watch
B. to have her watch repaired
C. to repair her watch
D. for repairing her watch


33. We still have 20 minutes left; so we _____.
A. need not to hurry
B. needn’t have hurried
C. need not to have hurried
D. don’t need to hurry
34. That professor isn’t happy with the project, and _____ are her supervisors.
A. neither B. so
C. either D. as
35. _____ will Mr. Forbes be able to regain control of the company.
A. With hard work
B. In spite of his hard work
C. Only if he works hardly
D. Only with hard work
The twins are so much _____ that it’s difficult to tell one from the other.

She likes her sister.

be likely to do sth.
A. the same B. likely
C. like D. alike
37. The reason I don’t go there was _____ I have got a new job.
A. because B. because of
C. due to D. that
38. Mary’s computer is much more expensive than _____ in the class.
A. anyone else B. anyone else’s
C. anyone else is D. anyone’s
39. We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we _____ him.
A. would have telephoned
B. must have telephoned
C. would telephone
D. had telephone
40. Most of the neighbors think it a good piece of advice that the troublesome gambler
_____ out of the community.
A. should drive B. drive
C. be driven D. drives
语法
1——5 CBBDB 6——10 DBABC 11——15 CDABB 16——20BDAAC
21——25 CDBDA 26——30ABBAA 31——35 BBDAD 36——40 DDBAC

1——5CCDCA 6——10DBCAC 11——15BACBC 16——20CADBD
21——25BCDCA 26——30CBCBB 31——35BBDCC 36——40BAADC
二、词汇和语法
1. We were tired and nervous _____ the constant tension.
A. from B. for C. with D. off
2. “Which do you want, the red one or the black one?”
“_____. How about showing me another?”
A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. None
3. “What makes her so unhappy?”
“____ one of her favorite books.”
A. Because she lost B. Because of her losing C. She lost D. Her losing
4. “I usually sleep with the windows closed at night, even in summer.”
“You can never be ____ careful.”
A. very B. much C. too D. so
5. “_____ is your nationality, Miss Green?”
“Australian.”
A. What B. Where C. Which D. Who
6. I hope the stove will _____ enough heat to warm the room.
A. get over B. give in C. get out D. give off
7. You look tired. Do you ______ a rest?
A. like having B. feel like having C. like have D. feel like to have
8. _____ the price is, they are prepared to pay.
A. However B. whichever C. whatever D. wherever
9. Wait a moment, please. Richard will be back _____.
A. in no time B. at no time C. at times D. at a time
10. _____ I accept that the plan is not perfect, I do actually like it.
A. When B. Since C. while D. Unless
11. She says she’d rather he _____ tomorrow instead of today.
A. leaves B. left C. leave D. would leave
12. There were dirty marks on her trousers _____ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. when C. that D. what
13. History is a record of mankind; different historians, __________, interpret
it differently.
A. therefore B. on the contrary
C. however D. consequently
14. Mr. Smith _________here for three weeks.
A. is already being B. has already been
C. has already been being D. is already
15. Billy has difficulty ______________the rest of the class.
A. to keep up with B. to keep up
C. keeping up with D. keeping on
16. It won’t make much ____________whether you leave today or tomorrow.
A. different B. differences C. difference D. differently
17. Let us hope we can settle the matter without ___________more trouble.
A. any B. a little C. some D. little
18. ___________the temperature, __________water turns into steam.
A. The high; the fast B. Higher; faster
C. The more higher; the faster D. The higher; the faster
19. We _____________for her because she never came.
A. needn’t wait B. shouldn’t have waited
C. mustn’t wait D. mustn’t have waited
20. I insist that a doctor _____________immediately.
A. has been sent for B. sends for
C. will be sent for D. be sent for
21. He was disappointed to find his suggestions ____________.
A. been turned down B. turned down
C. to be turned down D. to turn down
22. The Yellow River is the second ____________river in China.
A. long B. longer C. longest D. most long
23. I don’t regret ____________even if it might have upset her.
A. to tell her what I thought B. to have told her that I thought
C. telling what I thought D. telling her what I thought
24. The rice _____________if you had been more careful.
A. would not be burning B. would not burn
C. would not have been burnt D. would not burnt
25. Upon graduation he asked to be sent to ____________.
A. where he is most needed B. where he needed
C. where he is mostly needed D. where is he mostly needed
26. The roof fell ___________he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.
A. since B. as C. before D. until
27. ___________got into the room, the telephone rang.
A. He hardly had; then B. Hardly had he; when
C. He had not; than D. Not had he; when
28. Is this the house ____________Shakespeare was born?
A. which B. in that C. in which D. at which
29. When Mary paid the bill she was given a _____________ for her money.
A. cheque B. receipt C. ticket D.
label
30. A peculiarly pointed chin is his most memorable facial ____________ .
A. mark B. feature C. trace D.
appearance
31. Do you call them _____________?
A. apples trees B. apple trees C. apple tree D
apple's tree
32. Medical care reform has become this country's most important public
health___________.
A. question B. matter C. stuff D. issue
33. How can you avoid mistakes when you're in such a _______________ ?
A. speed B. worry C. hastening D. hurry
34. There is no __________ in insisting on the impossible.
A. mind B. meaning C. sense D. help
35. As a doctor, I'm very interested in medical _______________.
A. magazine B. journal C. periodical D.
technical
36. Their profits have grown rapidly in recent years, and this upward _________
is expected to continue.
A. increase B. tendency C. movement D.
progress
37. The doctor told Penny that too much _____________ to the sun is bad for the
skin.
A. exposure B. exhibition C. extension D.
expansion
38. When the student graduated from college, he got his ______________.
A. degree B. certificate C. license D.
bachelor
39. The regular teacher is ill, so a (an) ________is teaching us today.
A. candidate B. applicant C. sponsor D.
substitute
40. The Great Wall is a great tourist ____________ drawing millions of visitors
every year.
A. drawer B. attention C. attraction D.
arrangement
参考答案
1——5CCDCA 6——10DBCAC 11——15BACBC 16——20CADBD
21——25BCDCA 26——30CBCBB 31——35BBDCC 36——40BAADC

三、词形转换
1. Liuxiang has been highly praised because of his excellent ______ (perform) in
the Olympic Games. （performance）
2. It is _________ (character)of a snake to winter sleep through the winter without
eating anything. (characteristic)
3. ________ (forget) as Mr. Smith is, he is by no means an absent-minded professor.
(Forgetful)
4. The ________ (million) donated a large sum of money to the Tsunami stricken area.
(millionaire)
5. The ________ (expect) Tsunami wrecked hundreds of thousands of lives and families.
(unexpected)
6. Following the (settle) _________ of the strike, the train service is now back
to normal. (settlement)
7. We are not short of raw materials at the moment, but we need reliable (equip)
________. (equipment)
8. Buying a house in such a neighborhood can be a (cost) ________ business.(costly)
9. With his knowledge and experience, he is no doubt (qualify) ________ for the
work. (qualified)
10. It is (reason) ________ for parents to pay for their children’s education.
(reasonable)
11. Some experts suggest that we slow down the (economy) ________ growth in the
country.(economic)
12. He rushed (danger) ________ across the busy street to catch the bus.
(dangerously)
has been a long winter, and we’re (eager) ________ waiting for the coming
of spring. (eagerly)
14. If a business wants to sell its products (international) ________, it should
do some world market research first. (internationally)
15. We should read more and see more in order to (wide) ________ our horizons. (widen)
16. It will be very (help) ________ if each member presents his or her own opinion
at the meeting.(helpful)
17. It is well-known that sports will ________(strength) his friendship between
nations.(strengthen)
18. The flexible working time system will enable the (employ) ________ to work more
efficiently.(employees)
19. With the (develop) ________ of foreign trade, more and more people are doing
import and export business. (development)
20. Going abroad to have a holiday will be an (excite) ________ experience for us.
(exciting)

答案：
1.（performance）2. (characteristic) 3. (Forgetful) 4. (millionaire)
5. (unexpected) 6. (settlement) 7. (equipment) 8. (costly)
9. (qualified) 10. (reasonable) 11. (economic) 12. (dangerously)
13. (eagerly) 14. (internationally) 15. (widen) 16. (helpful)
17. (strengthen) 18. (employees) 19. (development) 20. (exciting)