闰土是什么意思：英语国家概况名词解释范文

2020年11月29日发(作者：方和)
英语国家概况名词解释系列（1）
Amerigo Vespucci---- Amerigo Vespucci, a navigator, proved that the land was not India,but a new
continent. Therefore, the land was named America after.
The Puritans----The Puritans were wealthy, well-educated gentlemen. They wanted to purify the
Church of England and threatened with religious persecution, the Puritans leaders saw the New
world as the a refuge provided by God for those He meant to save.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（2）
The Bill of Rights----In 1789, James Madison introduced in the House of Representatives a series
of amendments which later were drafted into twelve proposed amendments and sent to the
states for ratification. Ten of them were ratified in 1791 and the first ten amendments to the
constitution were called the Bills of Rights because they were to insure individual liberties.
The Emancipation Proclamation---- After the Civil war began, Lincoln issued the Emancipation
Proclamation to win more support at home and abroad. It granted freedom to all slaves in areas
still controlled by the Confederacy.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（3）
Pilgrims Thanksgiving Day----The Pilgrims in 1620, 201 of them sailed to the New World in a ship
called Mayflower. The first winter after their arrival was very cold and when spring came, half of
them were dead. Then the Indians came to their help and taught them how to grow corn. They
had a good harvest that year. So they invited the Indians and held the first Thanksgiving
celebration in America to give thanks to God.
The Chunnel----In 1985 the British government and French government decided to build a
channel tunnel, which is called “Chunnel”, under the Straits of Dover so that England and France
could be joined together by road. The Chunnel was open to traffic in May 1994.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（4）
Eisteddfod----Eisteddfod is the Welsh word for “sitting” National Eidteddfod is the most famous
festival of music and verse in Wales. It takes place each August and lasts for about a week. The
highlight of the festival is competition for the best epic poem about Wales written and read in
Welsh. The winner is crowned Board, considered the supreme honour in Wales. In this way the
Welsh people keep the Welsh language and culture alive.
Cockney----A cockney is a Londoner who is born within the sound of Bow Bells-the Bells of the
church of St. Mary- LeBow in east London.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（5）
Stonehenge----It is a group of huge monuments of grant rock Slabs on salisbury plain in
Southwest England built as long ago as the New Stone Age. It is generally believed that
stonehenge served some sort of religious purposes.
The Celts----The Celts came to Britain in three main waves. The first wave were the Gales, the
second wave were the Brythons and the Belgae came about 150BC. The Celts were practised
farmers. The Celtic tribes are ancestors of the Highland Scots, the Irish and the Welsh, And their
languages are the basis of both Welsh and Gaelic. They religion was Druidism.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（6）
Norman Conquest----The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English
history. William the conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers.
He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was
completely established in England.
Alfred the Great----He was king of Wessex, one of the seven Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms. It was he
who led the Anglo-Saxon to flight against the invading Danes and maintained peace for a long
time. Alfred was not only a brave king at wartime, but also a wise king at peacetime. He
encouraged education and introduced a legal system. He is known as “the father of the British
navy”.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（7）
St. Augustine----In 597,Pope Gregory I sent St. Augustine, the Prior of St. Andrew’s Monastery in
Rome, to England to convert the heathen English to Christianity. That year, St. Augustine became
the first Archbishop of Canterbury. Augustine was remarkably successful in converting the king
and the nobility, but the conversion of the common people was largely due to the missionary
activities of the monks in the north.
Domesday Book----It is a book compiled by a group of clerks under the sponsorship of King
William the First in 1086. The book was in fact a property record. It was the result of a general
survey of England. It recorded the extent, value, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. It
was one of the important measures adopted by William I to establish the full feudal system in
England. Today, it is kept in the Public Records Office in London.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（8）
Geoffrey Chaucer ----He was an important English poet in the fourteenth century. His best known
is The Canterbury Tales, which describes a group of pilgrims travelling to Canterbury to visit
Thomas Becket’s tomb. Because he was the first important English poet to write in English. He
has been known as the “Father of English Poetry”.
The Black Death----It is a modern name given to the dearly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease
spread through Europe in the fourteenth century particularly in 1348-1349. It came without
warning, and without any cue. In England, it killed almost half of the total population, causing
far-reaching economic consequences.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（9）
The Wars of Roses玫瑰战争----the name Wars of the Roses was refer to the battles between the
House of Lancaster, symbolized by the read rose, and that of York, symbolized by the white, from
1455 to 1485. Henry Tudor, descendant of Duke of Lancaster won victory at Bosworth Fireld in
1485 and put ht country under the rule of the Tudors. From these Wars, English feudalism
received its death blow. The great medieval nobility was much weakened.
The Glorious Revolution of 1688光荣革命---- In 1685 Charles II died and was succeeded by his
brother James II. James was brought up in exile in Europe, was a Catholic. He hoped to rule
without giving up his personal religious vies. But England was no more tolerant of a Catholic king
in 1688 than 40 years ago. So the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a
Protestant king, William of Orange, to invade and take the English throne. William landed in
England in 1688. The takeover was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any execution of
the king. This was known as the Glorious Revolution.

英语国家概况名词解释系列（10）
The Gunpowder Plot of 1605火药阴谋案----The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was the most famous
of the Catholic conspiracies. On Nov. 5,1605, a few fanatical Catholics attempted to blow King
James and his ministers up in the House of Parliament where Guy Fawkes had planted barrels of
gun-powder in the cellars. The immediate result was the execution of Fawkes and his
fellow-conspirators and imposition of severe anti-Catholic laws. The long-term result has been an
annual celebration on Nov. 5, when a bonfire is lit to turn a guy and a firework display is
arranged.
Blood Mary血腥玛丽----It is the nickname given to Mary I, the English Queen who succeeded to
the throne after Henry VIII. She was a devout Catholic and had so many Protestants burnt to
death that she is remembered less by her official title Mary I by her nickname Blood Mary.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（11）
Thatcherism撒切尔主义----The election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and
Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain. Her policies are popularly
referred to as state-owned industries, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the
weaking of trade forces unions, the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy,
and an emphasis on law and order.
The Trade Union Act of 1871工会法----It legalized the trade unions and give financial security. It
meant that in law there was no difference between money for benefic purposes and collecting it
to support strike action.

英语国家概况名词解释系列（12）
Agribusiness农业产业----The new farming has been called “agribusiness”, because it is
equipped and managed like an industrial business with a set of inputs into the processes which
occur on the farm and outputs or products which leave the farm.
British disease英国病----The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’
s economic decline.

英语国家概况名词解释系列（13）
Constitutional monarchy君主立宪制----It is a political system that has been practised in Britain
since the Glorious revolution of 1688. According to this system, the Constitution is superior to the
Monarch. In law, the Monarch has many supreme powers, but in practice, the real power of
monarchy has been greatly reduced and today the Queen acts solely on the advice of her
ministers. She reigns but does not rule. The real power lies in the Parliament, or to be exact, in
the House of Commons.
Privy Council枢密院 ----A consultative body of the British monarch. Its origin can be traced back
to the times of the Norman Kings. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688, its importance was
gradually diminished and replaced by the Cabinet. Today, it is still a consultation body of the
British monarch, Its membership is about 400, and includes al Cabinet ministers, the speaker of
the House of Commons, the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, and senior British and
Commonwealth statesmen.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（14）
The National Health Service----It is a very important part of the welfare system in Britain. It is a
nationwide organization based on Acts of Parliament. It provides all kinds of free or nearly free
medical treatment both in hospital and outside. It is financed mainly by payments by the state
out of general taxation. People are not obliged to use this service. The service is achieving its
main objectives with outstanding success.
Comprehensive schools---- Comprehensives schools take pupils without reference to ability or
aptitude and provide a wide-ranging secondary education for all or most of the children in a
district.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（15）
Reuters----It was founded in 1851 by the German, Julius Reuter. It is now a publicly owned
company, employing over 11000 staff in 80 countries. It has more than 1300 staff journalists and
photographers.
The Crown Court----A criminal court that deals with the more serious cases and holds sessions in
towns throughout England and Wales. It is presided over either by a judge from the High Court of
Justice or a local full-time judge.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（16）
The Great lakes----The Great Lakes are the five lakes in the northeast. They are Lake Superior
which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan (the only one entirely in the U.S.),
Lake Huron, Lake Eire and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United
States expect Lake Michigan.
The Mississippi----The Mississippi has been called “father of waters “or” old man river”. It and Its
tributaries drain one of the richest farm areas in the world. It is the fourth longest river in the
world and the most important river in the United States.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（17）
Uncle Tom’s Cabin----It was a sentimental but powerful antislavery novel written by Harriet
Beecher Stowe. It converted many readers to the abolitionist cause.
Gettysburg----It refer to the short speech President Lincoln made when he dedicated the national
cemetery at Gettyburg. He ended the speech with “the government of the people, by the people,
for the people, shall not perish from the earth”.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（18）
The Red Scare----When the WWI was over, there existed a highly aggressive and intolerant
nationalism. Between 1919 and 1920, the Red Scare happened. On Nov.7,1919 and Jan.2,1920,
the Justice Department launched two waves of mass arrests. Over 4000 suspected Communists
and radical were arrested.
The New Deal----In order to deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt put forward
the New Deal program. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up many efficient social security
systems. The New Deal helped to save American democracy and the development of American
economy.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（19）
Truman Doctrine----On Mar.12, 1949, President Truman put forward the Truman Doctrine in his
speech to the joint session of Congress. The Doctrine meant to support any country which said it
was fighting communism.
Marshall Plan----It was announced by George Marshall on June.5, 1947, and was the economic
aid plan for Western Europe. It was also used to prevent the loss of Western Europe into the
Soviet sphere.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（20）
London smog----In 195, the sulphur dioxide in the four-day London smog, an unhealthy
atmosphere formed by mixing smoke and dirt with fog. It left 4000 people dead or dying. Since
then most cities in Britain have introduced “clean air zones” whereby factories and households
are only allowed to burn smokeless fuel.
Family Doctor----In order to obtain the benefits of the NHS a person must normally be registered
on the list of a general practitioner, sometimes known as a “family doctor”. The family doctor
gives treatment or prescribes medicine, or, if necessary, arranges for the patient to go to hospital
or to be seen at home by a specialist.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（21）
Marvellous Melbourne----After the gold rush in 1850s and 1860s, there was an important
revolution in transport, especially with the network of tram and railway systems. This changed
the pace of urban life and the appearance of the city and soon people were calling the city
“Marvellous Melbourne”. But by the 1890s outsiders were calling the city “Marvellous
Melbourne” because of the bad smell of the city.
Waitangi Day----In 1840 the first official governor, William Hobson, was sent to negotiate with
Maori leaders. In 1840 Hobson, representing Queen Victoria, and some Maori chiefs, signed the
Treaty of Waitangi. Modern New Zealand was founded. The anniversary of the signing, February
6, is celebrated as New Zealand National Day, Waitangi Day, and is a national holiday.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（22）
Multiculturalism----The term multiculturalism was coined in Canada in the late 1960s. It was in
official use in Australia by 1973. In other words, under multiculturalism migrant groups are able
to speak their own language and maintain their own customs. Multiculturalism as a policy
recognizes that social cohesion is attained by tolerating differences within an agreed legal and
constitutional framework.
Quiet Revolution ----Ever since 1763, when France lost its empire in North America to England,
French Canadians have struggled to preserve their language and culture. In the early 1960s
French Canadians became more vocal in their protests. In particular, they complained that were
kept out of jobs in government and in some large businesses because they spoke only French.
They have been struggling more rights common which was called “Quiet revolution”.