膨胀水箱的作用：8年级(下)Units3-4

2020年11月30日发(作者：申效曾)
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八年级(下) Units 3—4
中考基础知识梳理
类别 课标考点要求
(v.)→__lent__(过去式过去分词)借给；借出
→__borrow__(反义词)借；借用★
2．independent(adj.)→__independence__(n.)独立
3．develop(v.)→__development__(n.)发展；发育；成长★
→__developing__(adj.)发展中的
→__developed__(adj.)发达的；成熟的；先进的
4．fair(adj.)→__fairness__(n.)公平性；合理性
→__unfair__(反义词)不合理的；不公正的★
5．ill(adj.)→__illness__(n.)疾病；病★
词
汇
攻
关
6．communicate(v.)→__communication__(n.)交流；沟通★
7．proper(adj.)→__properly__(adv.)正确地；恰当地
(adj.)→__unusual__(反义词)特别的；不寻常的★
→__usually__(adv.)通常地；寻常地★
9．fold(v.)→__unfold__(反义词)展开；打开
10．throw(v.)→__threw__(过去式)
→__thrown__(过去分词)扔；掷
11．sweep(v.)→__swept__(过去式过去分词)扫；打扫
12．cloud(n.)→__cloudy__(adj.)多云的★
13．argue(v.)→__argument__(n.)辩论；争论
14．press(v.)→__pressure__(n.)压力
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15．push(v.)→__pull__(反义词)拉；拽
16．typical(adj.)→__typically__(adv.)典型地
17．quick(adj.)→__quickly__(adv.)快地；迅速地★
1.倒垃圾__take__out__the__rubbish__
2．频繁；反复__all__the__time__
3．一……就……__as__soon__as__
4．目的是；为了__in__order__to__
5．依靠；信赖__depend__on__
6．照顾；处理__take__care__of__
7．快速查看；浏览__look__through__
8．重要的事__big__deal__
9．成功地发展；解决__work__out__
10.和睦相处；关系良好__get__on__with__
11．删除；删去__cut__out__
12．比较；对比__compare…with__
13．依……看__in__one's__opinion__
14．过来；顺便拜访__come__over__
15．浪费时间 __a__waste__of__time__
16．生某人的气 __be__angry__with__sb.__
17．和某人打架 __have__a__fight__with__sb.__
句
型
再
现
1.(请求帮助)“你能扫一下地吗？”“好的，当然可以。”
—__Could__you__please__ sweep the floor?
短
语
归
纳
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(
含
情
景
交
际
)
—Yes，__sure__.
2．(请求他人的允许)“我可以用你的电脑吗？”“对不起，我现在要用。”
—__Could__I__use__your computer?
—__Sorry__．I'm going to work on it now.
3．他们应该将时间花在学业上，为的是取得好成绩并考上好大学。
They should spend their time on schoolwork __in__order__to__get__good__grades__
and __get__into__ a good university.
4．同时，当他们长大后，他们将不得不做家务，所以他们现在没必要做家务。
Also，when they get older，they will have to do housework so
__there__is__no__need__for__them__to__do__it__ now.
5．反正我认为做家务不是很难。我并不介意做家务。
And anyway，I think __doing__chores__ is not so difficult.I __do__not__mind__doing__
them.
6.昨天我发现我的妹妹在翻阅我的东西。
I found my sister __looking__through__ my things yesterday.
7．相反，他想看什么就看什么，一直看到深夜。
Instead he watches __whatever__he__wants__ until late at night.
8．孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。
__The__earlier__ kids learn to be independent，__the__better__ it is for their future.
9．人们不该把自己的孩子逼得太紧。
People __shouldn't__push__ their kids so hard.
10．并且他们总是把他们和其他孩子作比较。
And they __are__always__comparing__ them with other children.
11．他们中有很多人在学习应试的技巧以便能考入一所好高中，随后进入一所好大
学。
Many of them are learning exam skills __so__that__they can get into a good high school
and later a good university.
12.我的问题就是我不能很好地和家人相处。
My problem is __that__I__can't__get__on__with__my__family__.
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13.虽然她做得不对，但也没什么了不起的。
__Although__she's wrong，it's not a __big__deal__.
14.你最好的朋友不再信任你了。
Your best friend does __not__trust you __anymore__.

1.情态动词could用于表示请求与允许(详见第二编P120)
语法
2.连词until，so that，although(详见第二编P110～111)
Unit 3 Chores and permission(家务和许可)
话题
Unit 4 Interpersonal communication(人际沟通)
如何与他人相处：
one can live without keeping in touch with it's important to learn
how to get on well with others.
should be kind and friendly to others，and then we can make more
素
材
包
friends.
we are free，we can do some volunteer work to help our neighbors.
对人际沟通中存在的问题给出建议：
't be afraid of making mistakes because no one is perfect.
'd better talk with your parents or teachers so that they can help you.
to listen more carefully and think of better ways to understand your
parents.
贵阳中考重难点突破
neither的用法 (教材八下P19)
【满分点拨】
词性 含义 用法 例句
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两者都
代
词
不(表示
全部否
定)
限
两者
定
都不
词
作主语，谓语动词常用单数
常与of连用，neither of＋名词复数
代词复数(此结构用作主语时，谓语用
单数或复数都可以)
Neither is right.两个都不对。
Neither of them waswere in good
health，but both of them worked very
hard.他们两个人身体都不好，但工
作都非常努力。
用在单数名词之前(用作主语时，谓语
用单数)
Neither book is my favorite.两本书
都不是我最喜欢的。
表达前面所说的(否定)情况也适用于
另外一个人，
副
词
……也
常构成倒装句：Neither＋系动词助动
不
词情态动词＋主语(此句型时态与前
一句时态要保持一致)
【归纳拓展】
Jeff wasn't at school and neither was
Ben.杰夫不在学校，本也不在。
—He doesn't go to school by bike.他
不骑自行车上学。
—Neither do I．我也不骑。
neither…nor…用作连词，意为“既不……也不……”，连接两个并列成分表示否定；
反义短 语为both…and…，意为“两者都……”。连接主语时，谓语动词一般遵循“就近原
则”。如：
Their house is neither big nor small.他们的房子不大也不小。
Neither you nor I am right.你和我都不对。
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( B )1.(新信息题)—I don't like the movie Hello，Mrs. Money(《李茶的姑妈》)．
—______ do I.
A．So B．Neither C．Also
( C )r you nor he ______ Hawaii before.
A．has gone to B．have been to
C．has been to
( C )3.(2018达州中考改编)—Why don't you get used to the life in Beijing?
—______ the crowded traffic ______ the high living only reason is the badly
polluted air.
A．Either；or B．Both；and
C．Neither；nor
辨析borrow，lend与keep (教材八下
P20)
【满分点拨】
词汇 含义 用法 例句
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说话人向别人借东西供自己用，常
borrow
借进
用于borrow sb.结构中，为
终止性动词
说话人把自己的东西借给别人用，
lend
借出
常用于lend sb.或lend .
结构中，为终止性动词
用于表示借用的时间长度，可以和
—How long may I keep this book？
保存；
keep
保留 等连用，为延续性动词，可用于现
—Two weeks.两周。
在完成时
表示时间段的时间状语及how long
这本书我可以借多长时间？
—Can I borrow this book？我可以
借这本书吗？
—Yes，but you mustn't lend it to
others.可以，但你不许借给别人。

borrow，lend，keep
1．—Can I __borrow__ your dictionary?
—Of course，but please remember that you can't __lend__ it to others.
2．I borrowed Tom's car 2 days ago，and he told me I could __keep__ it for a
week.
3．(2018黔东南中考)I borrowed an English book from my classmate.(改为同义句)
My classmate__lent__ an English book __to__ me.
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辨析provide，give与offer (教材八下
P22，P27)
【满分点拨】
单词 含义
指有远见，为应付意外、紧急情况
provide
用法
provide sb.＝provide
等做好充分准备而“供给、提供”
sth.
give
多指一般性的“给；给予”
侧重表示“愿意给予”，强调主动
offer
提供
He offered me a job.他提供给我一份工作。
They provided us with a car.他们给我们提供了一辆车。
I gave a nice present to my mother on Mother's Day.在母亲节那天，我送给妈妈了一份精美
的礼物。
【温馨提示】
若offer所接的直接宾语和间接宾语都为代词时，只能用offer sth.(代词) to sb.(代词)。
offer sb.＝offer .
give sb.＝give .
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( B )1.(2019预测)The new supermarket______ local people with more chances to work.
A．gives B．provides C．offers
( A )2.(2018深圳中考)—Jack ______ to help at the underground station on Saturdays.
—Cool！Let's join him next Saturday.
A．offers B．refuses C．forgets
( B )3.I ______ a football to my brother as his birthday present.
A．bought B．gave C．provided
allow的用法 (教材八下P25)
【满分点拨】
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His parents won't allow him to stay out late.他的父母不会允许他在外待到很晚。
He is not allowed to watch TV too late.他不可以看电视到很晚。
We don't allow smoking in the hall.我们不允许在大厅内吸烟。

( C )(2018重庆中考B卷改编)Their parents don't allow them ______ in the river because it's
really dangerous.
A．swim B．swam C．to swim
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as soon as的用法 (教材八下P19)
【满分点拨】
(1)as soon as意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，如果主句是一般将来时，从< br>句要用一般现在时表示将来。有同样用法的时间状语从句连词还有the minutethe moment等。
如：
I'll tell you as soon asthe minutethe moment he gets there.他一到那里，我就告诉你。
(2)as soon as possible＝as soon as one cancould，意为“尽可能快地”。

( A )1.—When shall we begin our trip?
—We'll set out ______ our headteacher arrives.
A．as soon as B．ever since C．so that
( A )2.(2018北部湾中考改编)As soon as she ______ in Nanning，she will call you.
A．arrives B．arrive C．arrived
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Peter，could you please take out the
rubbish？彼得，请你把垃圾倒掉好吗？(教材八下P17)
【满分点拨】
句式
Could(CanWouldWill)you please do sth.？表
示请求或征求意见(相当于Please do sth.)
常见答语
肯定：Yes，
problem.
否定：Sorry，I can't.I have to…I'm afraid not.
Could you please not do sth.？常表示委婉批评
Sorry，I won't do that again.
或建议(相当于Don't do sth.)
肯定：，you can.
否定：Sorry，but you can'tyou'd better ，
you can't.
Could I do…？表示请求许可(相当于May
I…？)
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( A )—I have to go you please order a taxi for me?
—______！
A．My pleasure B．You are kidding
C．Good idea
The earlier kids learn to be
independent，the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。(教
材八下P22)
【满分点拨】
这个句子是比较级的一个重点句型： the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……，意为
“越……，越……”。如：
The more you pay，the more you will gain.付出越多，收获越多。
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( C ) harder you work，______ you'll be.
A．luck B．luckier C．the luckier
( A )2.(2018齐齐哈尔中考)Miss Brown tells us to remember that______ careful we are，
______ mistakes we will make.
A．the more；the fewer
B．the fewer；the more
C．the more；the less
Why don't you go to sleep earlier this
evening？你今天晚上为什么不早点睡呢？(教材八下P25)
【满分点拨】
(1)如何提出建议：
WhatHow about
doing sth.？做某事怎么样？
Shall we do sth.?
我们做某事好吗？
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You'd better (not)
do sth.你最好(不)做某事。提出
建议Why not do sth.?
为什么不做某事呢？
Let's do…！让我们做……吧！
Would you mind doing sth.？你介意做某事吗？
(2)回答建议的常用句型：
①肯定答语：
Good nly.
②否定答语：
No，，I can't.I'm afraid not.

( A )1.(2018毕节中考改编)Why not ______ reading right now?
A．start B．to start C．starting
( B )2.(新信息题)The new movie Last Letter(《你好，之华》) is about
cinema to watch it?
A．go to B．going to C．went to
( B )3.(2018达州中考改编)—I have a bad cold，mom.
—Oh，dear！You'd better ______ a doctor with me in a minute.
A．will see B．see C．seeing
4．(2018重庆中考B卷)Why don't you watch a talk show？(改为同义句)
__Why__ __not__ watch a talk show？
随堂知识巩固
单项选择。
______ the
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( A )1.(2018宜宾中考)She stopped talking ______ her mother came into the room.【考点?】
A．as soon as B．unless C．though
( B )2.(2018桂平三模改编)—I don't understand the story in the new about you，
Bill？【考点?】
—______.
A．Neither I do B．Neither do I
C．So do I
( C )3.(2018宜昌中考改编)—A research suggests that walking helps people live longer.
—I quite agree，but it ______ on when and how they walk.
A．remains B．returns C．depends
( A )4.(2018天水中考改编)In order ______ for the competition，my sister forced herself to
get up early this morning.
A．not to be late B．not being late
C．to be late
( A )5.(2018唐山路北期末改编)If you want to know more about space，please______ the
book A Brief History of Time.
A．look through B．look around
C．look after
( C )'ve got no 's have tea______．
A．either B．yet C．instead
( B )7.(2019预测)Our company provides all the people around the world______ the best
service.【考点?】
A．to B．with C．for
( C )8.(2018荆州中考改编)—I do feel a little______ about making a speech.
—Take it more you prepare，the better you will feel.
A．angry B．bored C．nervous
( C )9.(易错题)—Could you ______ me your book，Tom？【考点?】
— you can______ it for two weeks.
A．lend；borrow B．borrow；lend
C．lend；keep
( B )10.(2018扬州中考改编)The Queqiao satellite(卫星) will form a ______ bridge between
controllers on Earth and the far side of the Moon.
A．contribution B．communication
C．celebration
高频话题写作指导
烦恼与建议
◆话题解读
“烦恼与建议”属于《中学英语课程标准》中第八个 话题——人际关系。“建议是在乎
你的人给予你的最真诚的关爱，建议是爱护你的人给予你的最温暖的期 待”，可见这种类型
的文章是具有人文关怀类型的文章，是学生在人际交往过程中特别需要的一种语言表 达能
力。
从命题角度上来看：以“人际交往”为主题的书面表达是中考常考话题。学生在校园 生
活和家庭生活中难免会遇到很多的烦恼和困惑。此类型的文章就是锻炼学生使用语言清楚地
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描述自己的困惑和烦恼，向他人求助的能力。学生若能结合自己的实际情况， 就会有很多的
写作素材。
从作文类型上来看：此类型文章属于应用文范畴，兼具交际性、记叙 性和议论性。所以
通常采用叙述与建议结合的方法进行写作。叙述，即叙述困惑、烦恼或问题；建议，即 陈述
自己对此问题的看法，同时给出建议。
从作文内容上来看：此类型话题可能涉及到的内容有：
1．描述同学们在生活中或学习中遇到的各种困扰，并提出解决的方法和建议；
2．描述成长 中的一些烦恼，如同学之间的人际交往、父母与子女的沟通(如2017黔东
南中考、2016毕节中考 )等，并给出建议和解决方法。
◆核心词汇和句型
1．词汇
problem 问题
pressure 压力
stressful 有压力的；紧张的
argue with 与某人争论
overcome difficulties 克服困难
face difficulties 面对困难
be in trouble 在困境中
be friendly to 对……友好
get into a fight with sb.和某人吵架
get onalong well with 与……相处得好
2.句型
There are many things you can do.你有很多事情可以做。
I hope the advice is helpful to you.我希望这个建议对你有帮助。
Why not help your parents with some housework？为什么不帮助你的父母做些家务
呢？
You should have some time to relax yourself.你应该让自己有放松的时间。
I would like to share my experience with you.我想和你分享我的经验。
In a word，if we deal with our problems and stress in proper ways，we can have a
happier life.总之，如果我们用正确的方式处理问题和压力，我们就能有一个更快乐的生活。
◆典例剖析
(安徽中考)假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack来信说他暑假期间会来中国交流学习。 他
学了两年中文，但是仍然担心用中文交流时会遇到困难。请你用英语给Jack 写封回信，提
几点建议，要点如下：
1.大胆自信；
2.放慢语速；
3.借助图画或肢体语言等表达方式。
注意：
1．词数80—100；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.信中不得出现与本人相关的信息；
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4．开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：自信的confident；肢体语言body language
Dear Jack，
How is everything going？ I am very glad to learn that you are coming to China
this summer._________________________________________
_______________________________
__________ __________________________________________________ ____________
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，可以提取以下信息：
1．本篇 作文为应用文，叙述你的美国朋友可能遇到的问题，并给出你觉得能解决这个
问题的几个方法；
2．此类型作文的主体时态为一般现在时，主要使用第二人称，也可根据表达需要灵活
运用其他人称。
【写作导图】
LetterGreeting→How is everything going?
SuggestionsFirst，be brave…
Second，speak slowly and clearly.
What's more，draw pictures and…
Ending→Best wishes!
【参考范文】
Dear__Jack，
How__is__ev erything__going？
I__am__very__glad__to__learn__ that__you__are__coming__to__China__this__'s not
necessary to worry about your Chinese.I'd like to share my ideas，which I think might help.
First，be brave enough to speak Chinese when you communicate with 's of great
importance to be confident about Chinese are very friendly so you needn't be afraid of
making ，it's better to speak slowly and this way, you can make yourself
understood more 's more，sometimes you can use drawings or as you
know，body language is also widely used across mes it really works.
Best__wishes!
Yours，
Li__Hua
【名师点评】本文的亮点之处有：1.时态使用正确，提出建议时用一般现在时；'s not
necessary to do sth.，be brave enough to do sth.，be of great importance，be afraid of，make
yourself understood等句式及短语的灵活运用，体现了作者丰富的语言积累；，second，
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what's more等词汇的运用使文章层次分明。
◆自我测评
(2018广州中考改编)假如你是英语校报编辑李华，校报收到初一新生Ben 的来信，他提
出了所面临的两个问题。请你根据以下提示写一封80词左右的回信，说明Ben的问题， 提
出你的建议并陈述理由。
Ben's problems Your advice and reasons
参加学校社团(club)——结识更多朋友
朋友少，感觉孤单
……(请你补充)
多阅读英语故事、新闻——在运用中学单词
英语单词难记
……(请你补充)
Dear Ben，
I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble getting used to life in middle your
letter，you said that you always felt lonely because of having few friends.I think it's a good choice
to join some clubs in your this way，you can make more s，you'd better be
friendly to the other hand，you found it difficult to remember English g
more English stories and news can help you learn English addition，if you can develop a
habit of keeping an English diary，it will be easier for you to remember more words.I hope you
will find these suggestions useful.
Good luck with everything!
Yours，
Li Hua
请完成精练本第19～20页作业