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沉重的反义词是什么:人大在职硕专业英语考试

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2020-12-01 06:25
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better-有关蝉的诗句

2020年12月1日发(作者:阮善先)
一. 选择题(每题1分,共10分)
1. Categorical data can be further divided into nominal and ___ data.
A. quantitative
C. qualitative




B. scale
D. ordinal
2. For a sample with the data {10,8,20,25,12}, the sample mean is ____


A. 14
C. 16










B. 15
D. 17
3. Let X be Binomial(4,, then P(X=0) is ____


A. 18
C. 116










B. 14
D. 12
4. Which number is the square of some integer?


A. 6
C. 8










B. 7
D. 9
5. The range for the Pearson correlation coefficient is____


A. [0,1]
C. (-1,1)








B. [-1,1]
D. [-1,0]
6. Which of the following is NOT used to a measure of central tendency?


A. mean
C. mode










B. median
D. variance
7. Which of the following is a method of statistical inference?


A. mean







B. frequency table
D. t-test C. box-plot
8. Let X,Y be the two random variable, which of the following is TRUE?


A. E(X-Y)=EX-EY
C. E(XY)=EXEY




B. E(XY)=EXEY
D. Var(X+Y)=Var(X)+Var(Y)
9. What does the abbreviation . stands for?
A. that is C. for example
C. such that D. because
does the abbreviation . stands for?
A. that is C. for example
C. such that D. because
二. 将下面的统计术语翻译成中文或者英文(每题1分,共
1. 描述性统计
2. 点估计
3. 正态分布
4. 最大似然估计
5. 总体
6. 假设检验
7. 实验设计
8. 方差分析
9. 中心极限定理
10. 大数定律
11. Probability
12. Statistics
20分)
13. Unbiased estimate
14. Multiple regression
15. Bernoulli distribution
16. Time series
17. Multicollinearity
18. Density function
19. Histogram
20. Random variable
三. 将下面的句子翻译成英文(每题4分,共20分)
1. 统计学是一门收集,整理,分析和解释数据的学科
2. X
1
, X
2
… X
n
是一列独立同分布的随机变量。
3. 二项分布B(n,p)的数学期望是np,方差是np(1-p).
4. 因为p值小于, 因此我们拒绝原假设。
5. 变量分为定量变量和定性变量。
四. 将下面的段落翻译成中文(每题5分,共20分)
1. The regression models of standard linear regression require
a continuous response variable. In this section, we consider
models with a categorical response. There are many types of
these models, and we first consider logistic regression
models. The simple logistic regression model is a way to model
the probability of a success, as a function of the continuous
predictor x.
2. Both empirical processes and semiparametric inference
techniques have become increasingly important tools for
solving statistical estimation and inference problems. These
tools are particularly important when the statistical model
for the data at hand is semiparametric, in that it has one
or more unknown component which is a function, measure or some
other infinite dimensional quantity. Semiparametric models
also typically have one or more finite- dimensional Euclidean
parameters of particular interest.
3. The basic idea of nonparametric inference is to use data to
infer an unknown quantity while making as few assumptions as
possible. Usually, this means using statistical models that
are infinite- dimensional. Indeed, a better name for
nonparametric inference might be infinite- dimensional
inference.
4. Data mining is a complex and automated process, which faces
many risks, like the fact that data-sets may be affected by
error, the possibility of selection bias and non-independent
observations. Thus, successful data mining needs to follow
all the necessary steps to provide meaningful solutions.
五. 写作(30分)
1. 谈谈你对统计学的认识,例如什么是统计学,统计学的方法或者统计学的应用。(不
少于 100个英文词)
统计学是经验主义在现代科学研究与现代生活中的体现。来自于理性主义的科学理论
(无论是自然科学还是社会科学)如果不通过现实中的数据加以检验,就无法成为真
正值得信赖 的结论。同时,统计学理论本身也成为了一门科学,在更有效更合理地利
用数据的实践中产生了越来越多 的理性成果。
统计学还与各类其他学科高度紧密结合成为新的分支学科。以经济学为例,统计学与经济学结合成为计量经济学,该分支高度关注因果推断与实证分析,较少关注预测。
Statistics is the embodiment of empiricism in modern scientific research and
modern life. The scientific theory from rationalism (whether natural science
or social science) can not be truly trustworthy if it is not tested through
real data. At the same time, the theory of statistics itself has become a science,
and more and more rational results have been produced in the practice of using
data more effectively and rationally.
Statistics has also been closely integrated with other disciplines to become
a new branch. Take economics as an example, statistics and economics combine
to become econometrics. This branch pays close attention to causal inference
and empirical analysis, and pays little attention to prediction.
2. 以生活中的统计学为题,描述统计学在日常生活中的应用。(不少于150个英文词)
在日常生活中,统计学在两方面得到应用,一方面是统计思维的训练让人们看待
问题更加细致、全面;另 一方面是一些基本的模型分析可以让生活决策更为理性。
首先谈第一个方面。人们在日常生活中看问题 容易简单地只考察均值与简单相关
关系。统计思维告诉我们,对于高度非对称的数据,单纯使用均值并不 能很好地描述
数据分析。另外,单纯考虑两变量的相关关系但不考察这个关系是否显着,也会将生
活决策带入误区。
关于第二个方面,一些简单的模型如线性回归、logistic回归等在计算机 上操作
十分便捷快速。可以分析一些简单的问题如日常用品价格的变化、街上拥堵度的影响
因素 等。
生活中能够应用统计学的地方无处不在。
In the daily life, statistics are applied in two aspects. On
the one hand, the training of statistical thinking makes people
look at the problem more carefully and comprehensively; on the
other hand, some basic model analysis can make the life decision
more rational.
First of all. People see problems in daily life simply and simply
examine the relationship between mean and simple. Statistical
thinking tells us that for highly asymmetric data, simply using
mean does not well describe data analysis. In addition,
considering the relationship between the two variables alone,
whether the relationship is significant or not will lead to
misunderstanding in life decisions.
On the second aspect, some simple models, such as linear
regression and logistic regression, are very convenient and
fast to operate on computers. We can analyze some simple
problems, such as the price changes of daily articles, the
factors affecting the congestion on the street, etc.

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