haccp是什么意思：Interior-monologue内心独白教学内容

2020年12月1日发(作者：胡然)
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Interior monologue is a phrase closed related to the stream of consciousness novel. Unlike
external action, the movement of consciousness is a psychological process which we can not see.
So an objective description of it is impossible and interior monologue, which can register the
slightest wavering of or the world that surrounds consciousness, is the best way to illustrate it.
Almost all the stream of consciousness novelists use this technique in their works.
Stream of consciousness is a very complicated psychological process. According to the
Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, it can be divided into three levels: the Id (the
unconscious), the Ego (the subconscious) and the Superego (the conscious). Of the three levels,
the unconscious mind is the most primitive state of mind. To show the different levels of one’s
consciousness, interior monologue is also divided into different types.
Generally speaking, interior monologue can be divided into two types: direct interior
monologue and indirect interior monologue. When direct interior monologue is used, the author
adopts the first person to narrate and is not involved in the narration by making no explanation or
remark on the character’s thought and experience. This device enables the character to thoroughly
reveal hisher complex psychological activity and particularly it enables a display of the
character’s unconsciousness. The display of the unconscious part of the character gives the reader
a chance to a fuller and deeper understanding of the character. When indirect interior monologue
is used, the author will use the third person to narrate and is partly involved in the narration by
making some explanation or comment. This device enables the writer to show the workings of the
conscious and subconscious mind but not that of the unconscious mind since the movement of the
character's consciousness is controlled surreptitiously by the writer.
Both Virginia Woolf and James Joyce are masters of the stream of consciousness novel and
both adopt the technique of interior monologue. However, Woolf tends to use indirect interior
monologue while Joyce usually uses direct interior monologue. Examples of indirect interior
monologue can be found in many parts of Mrs.
Dalloway written by Woolf:
So she would still find herself arguing in St. James's Park, still making out that
she had been right—and she had too—not to marry him. For in marriage a little
license, a little independence there must be between people living together day in
day out in the same house; which Richard gave her, and she him. (Where was he
this morning for instance? Some committee, she never asked what.) But with
Peter every thing had to be shared; everything gone into. And it was intolerable,
and when it came that scene in the little garden by the fountain, she had to break
with him or they would have been destroyed, both of them ruined, she was
convinced; though she had borne about with her for years like an arrow sticking
in her heart the grief, the anguish; and then the horror of the moment when
someone told her at the concert that he had married a woman met on the boat
going to India! Never should she forget all that! Cold, heartless, a prude, he
called her. Never could she understand how he cared. But those Indian women
did presumably—silly, pretty, flimsy nincompoops. And she wasted her pity. For
he was quite happy, he assured her—perfectly happy, though he had never done
a thing that they talked of his whole life had been a failure. It made her angry
still. (10)
Peter is Clarissa's former love. Compared with her husband, Peter is fantastic, a little
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bit dominant but not practical. Though she finally chooses Mr. Dalloway as her
husband, she still loves Peter. That is why she feels horrible when she is informed of
Peter's marriage with an Indian girl. Like any other sensitive woman, she becomes
jealous of the Indian girl and calls her
many years of peaceful but dull marriage life with Mr. Dalloway, her mood is stirred
by the news of Peter's returning to London from India. So she is trying to convince
herself that her choice of Mr. Dalloway as her husband is right. This is a subtle
description of the psychology of a sensitive woman. This is not a one-hundred-percent
indirect interior monologue but more like a kind of internal analysis made by the
writer. In this sense, Virginia Woolf is unique in using the technique of indirect
interior monologue.
Compared with indirect interior monologue, direct interior monologue is not so
easy to understand. The forty-five-paged description of the unconscious mind of
Molly Bloom, one of the main characters in Ulysess written by Joyce, is a celebrated
example of direct interior monologue:
Now make him want me that’s the only way a quarter after what an unearthly hour
I suppose they’re just getting up in China now combing out their pigtails for the
day well soon have the nuns ringing the angelus they’ve nobody coming in to

spoil their sleep except an odd priest or two for his night office or the alarmclock

next door at cockshout clattering the brains out of itself let me see if I can doze
off 1 2 3 4 5 what kind of flowers are those they invented like the stars the
wallpaper in Lombard street was much nice the apron he gave me was like that

something only I only wore it twice better lower this lamp and try again so as I

can get up early…(642)

This is only a small part of the forty-five-paged direct interior monologue of Molly Bloom at
the end of the novel. It is a depiction of the stream of consciousness of Molly in a trance when she
is woken up at midnight by her husband and feels it difficult to fall asleep again.

Ulysess begins records the experiences of an Irish Jew Leopold Bloom within one day. He his
one-day activity with his getting up in the morning and ends up with his bringing home the drunk
Stephen Dedalus at midnight.

His wife Molly, a singer, from whom he has been estranged since their son died, has been
cuckolding him with her concert manager. These external events decide the stream of
consciousness of Molly above. From this part, we learn that Molly wants to arouse her husband's
love of her once more; when she hears the striking of the clock, she can not help thinking of the
Chinese who are used to getting up early at such an early hour; since her sleep is interrupted, she
begins to be jealous of those nuns whose sleep is not interrupted; when she knows the alarm clock
next door will ring in no time, she grows worried about her sleeplessness and tries hard to make
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herself fall asleep again by counting numbers; when she sees patterns on the wallpaper, she recalls
the nice wallpaper in her old house in Lombard Street and the apron her husband has bought her
and she thinks of as nice as the wallpaper; then she tries once more to force herself to fall asleep
by lowering the lamp. Here by using direct interior monologue together with other devices like
ellipsis of punctuation, economy of words, Joyce vividly depicts the character's unconscious mind
which can not be described by indirect interior monologue.
Though he tends to use direct interior monologue, Joyce adopts indirect interior monologue
sometimes.

The following is an example of his indirect interior monologue:


She would make the great sacrifice. Her every effort would be to share his
thoughts. Dearer than the whole world would she be to him and gild his days
with happiness. There was the all important question and she was dying to know
was he a married man or a widower who had lost his wife or some tragedy like

the nobleman with the foreign name from the land of song had to have her put
into a madhouse, cruel only to be kind. But even if—what then? Would it make a
very great difference? (Ulysess 298)
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