李刚是谁：主谓一致(完整整理版)

2020年12月1日发(作者：甘乃光)
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主谓一致

一、知识总结归纳
（一）概述：
主语与谓语的一致：在英语表达中，谓语动词 的形式要和主语的人称和数保持一致。主要体现在be
动词，助动词do, have 以及一般现在时态中的动词形式。
谓语动词与主语保持一致的基本原则：语法一致，就近一致和意义一致。
名词或代词做主语有人称和 单，复数之分，动词的单数就是第三人称单数形式，而动词的复数形式
即动词的原形。
例句：
1. I am seventeen, and he is sixteen.
2. There is a desk in the room, but there are no chairs in it.
3. John gets up at six o’clock every morning.
4. What is the latest news about the Olympic Games ?
5. The family are sitting at the breakfast table.

（二）语法一致：
1. 由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语：
（1）这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式。
例句：
① My brother and I have both seen that film.
② Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.
③ The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.
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④ Reading, writing and arithmetic are called the three R’s.
（2）这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
① The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.
② War and peace is a constant theme in history.
③ One more knife and fork is needed.
④ The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.
⑤ Law and order has been established.
⑥ Bread and butter is our daily food.
⑦ Fish and chips is a popular fast food.
⑧ The stars and stripes is the national flag of U.S.A.
（3）这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
例句：
① Each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt.
② No sound and no voice is heard.
③ Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.
④ Every minute and every second is precious.

2. 动名词，不定式，主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
① Reading is a great pleasure in life.
② To live means to create.
③ That we need more time is obvious.
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④ What is needed is food and medicine.
3. 表示时间，金钱，距离，重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数
形式。
例句：
① Three thousand miles is a long distance.
② Eight hours of sleep is enough.

4. 不定代词anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each
the other 等做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
① Is anybody going to tell him the news ?
② Someone wants to see you.

在通常情况下，一个句 子的主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。即主语为单数形式，谓语也为单
数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语 也为复数形式。如：
This exercise on English idioms is not easy. 这个英语短语练习不容易。
1）在“there be”结构中， “be”的单复数取决与后面主语的数.如：
There has been little change in this city. 这个城市没有多少变化。
2）“one of”结构，位于用单数，“two of”结构位于用复数：
One of the things I want to do is traveling. 我想做的一件事是去旅行。
3）Two of the boys have lost their way home. 有两个男孩回家迷路了。
4）倒装句的主语在谓语之后，避免误用：
Never before has she been to Paris! 她以前从未去过巴黎。
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. 谓语动词用复数
（1）用and, both...and连接的并列主语，或在both,(a)few, many, several等修饰语后面谓语动词通
常用复数形式。
例如：Plastics and rubber never rot.塑料和橡胶永不生锈。
He and I _____classmates when we were at college.他和我大学时曾是同班同学。
____ _____these novels _____ interesting.这两部小说都有意思。
Few people know it.几乎无人知道。
(2) 集体名词people, police, public, militia, cattle, class, youth等，常用复数形式的谓语动词。
例如：The Chinese people are brave and hardworking.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
Most police wear uniforms.绝大多数警察穿制服。
The cattle are grazing in the sunshine.一群牛在阳光下吃草。
(3) 当表示民族的词与冠词合用充当主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：The Japanese were once very aggressive.日本人曾是很具有侵略性的。
The English are more conservative and less talkative than the Americans.英国人比美国人保守且不
爱说话。
(4) 某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人。作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
例如：The rich ____ not always selfish.富人不总是自私的。
The wounded are well treated here.伤员在这儿接受良好治疗。
The aged _____ from various miseries in this country.老年人在这个国家承受各种悲惨遭遇。
(5) 不可数名词作主语，其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。
例如：Three million tons of coal were exported that year.那年出口三百万吨煤。
Two million square meters of housing were constructed in my hometown last year.我的家乡去年盖
了二百万平方米的住宅。


主谓一致的几种特殊情况

1. 就近原则。
有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致，主要有以下两种情况：
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(1) 用连词either...or, neither...nor, whether...or, not only...but(also),or等连接的并列主语，如果一< br>个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。
例如：What he does or what he says does not concern me.他做什么或是他说什么与我无关。
Either the boy or the girl knows him well.不是这男孩就是那女孩了解他。
Neither money nor fame____ ______ on me. 钱和荣誉都不会让我动心。
Not only you but also he is wrong.你和他都错了。

(2) 在倒装结构中，谓语动词往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。
例如：Where is your mother and younger sisters?你的母亲和妹妹们在哪里?
____ ___a book, two pencils and some buttons on the table.在桌子上，有一本书，两支铅笔和一些
扣子。

2. 集体名词作主 语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语表示的意思和数，当表示整体时候，谓语动词就用
单数，当强调集体中的 个体时候，谓语动词就用复数。这些集体名词如：army, audience,
band ,government ,group ,flock, police, public ,staff ,team ,troop. Crowd, firm, family 等等
例如：The family _____ the basic unit of our society.家庭是社会的基本单元。
The family _____ watching TV.全家人正在看电视。
The committee meets twice a month.委员会一月开两次会。
The committee are divided in opinion.委员会意见有分歧。
The audience _____ enormous.观众人很多。
The audience ______ greatly moved at the words.听了这话听众都很感动。

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3. 一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。名词是复数，谓语 动词用复
数，反之就用单数。
这些短语有：a lot of(lots of),plenty of, a heap of (heaps of),half of, two thirds of, ninety percent of,
part of, rest of, some of, none of等。
例如：Lots of damage _____ caused by the fire.火灾造成了很大的损失。
Two thirds of people present _____ women.在场三分之二的人是妇女。
40 percent of the students _____ from the south of China.40%的学生来自中国的南方。
____ number of students _____ late.许多同学迟到了。

4. 定语从句中关系代词做主语时，其谓语动词的数必须与其先行词一致。
例如：I, who ____ your friend, will try my best to help you.我作为你的朋友会尽力帮助你。（来自辅导
班定语从句专项练习题）
Each of us who ____ his classmates ____ willing to help him.我们这些他的同班同学都乐意帮助他。

5. 某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数：
第一组： a great many + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数 a number of + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数 the
majority of + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数
第二组； the number of + 可数名词复数 谓语用（ ） （注意：本知识是历次考试的考查重点）
第三组； more than one + 可数名词单数 谓语用单数 many a + 可数名词单数 谓语用单数
第四组； the greater part of， a large proportion of， 50% of ，one third of， plenty of， the rest
of 谓语的数与of 后面的名词一致
第五组； (n)either…(n)or…. not only….. but also …… not …..but …… 谓语的数与主语的第二部分
（即(n)or but also but引导的后面部分）一致. 注意比较： More students than one ____been
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referred to . More than one student ____ going to buy this book

注意：There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。
例句：
1. There aren’t any letters in the mail for you today.
2. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk.
3. Here are some envelopes and paper for you.

名词后面带有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as,
rather than短语共同做主语时，谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。
例句：
1. All but one were here just now.
2. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift.
3. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.
4. You as well as I are wrong.


（四）意义一致
1. 代词none, neither, all的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定
例句：
（1）All hope has gone.
（2）All are agreed on this point.
（3）—Is there any milk in the fridge? —No, there is none.
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（4）None has returned from the meeting.

2. 集合名词group, class, family, army, enemy, team等名词的单，复数形式根据它们强调的内容而
定。
例句：
（1）The class were all cheerful.
（2）The team were taking over some new plays.
（3）The group are reading the newspapers.
（4）The army is going to remain in this town.
（5）The army have rescued the travelers.

3. 限定词短语all of…; none of…; a lot of…; 以及分数百分数+of …. 修饰名词构成的名词短语做
主语时，谓语动词的形式由of 后面的名词形式决定。
例句：
（1）None of these suggestions are very helpful.
（2）I don’t think any of us wants to work tomorrow.
（3）Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries.



（五）概念一致
1. 主语是抽象概念、短语或从句，谓语用单数形式。如：
1）To tell lies is wrong. 说谎是不正确的。（不定式做主语）
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2）Keeping the house is a tiring job. 管理家务是一件很劳累的事。（动名词做主语）
3）How this happened is not clear to anyone. (从句做主语)

注意：
1. 用 what或which引导的主语从句或简单句中的数的概念取决于后面的表语，因为它们在逻辑上的
意 义是相同的。如：
1）Which is your seat? 你的座位是哪一个？
2）Which are your seats? 你们的座位是哪些？

2. 单个的分词作主语，不定式作主语，以及主语从句，谓语都用单数，若用连接上述的相同两个成
分，谓语 才用复数。
1）两个或两个以上的主语用and和both连接时，谓语用复数形式。
2） and连接的并列主语指同一人或同一样东西，and后的名词前没有冠词，谓语用单数；若有，则
用复 数。如：
My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.我的密友兼顾问又改变他的想法了。
My friend and the student Sue are in the classroom.我的朋友和那位叫苏的同学在教室里。
3）若and后面加not,谓语用单数。如：
Lilei, and not I, has won the game.是 Lilei赢了比赛，而不是我。
4）用and 连接的单数主语，前面有each, every, many a, no等词修饰时，谓语用单数。
5）复数主语前加each,谓语仍用复数。
6）no后面名词为单数，谓语用单数；后为复数，谓语用复数。
7）毗邻一致：
由not only…but also, neither…nor…, either…or…, or 连接的并列主语，在肯定句中谓语变化取
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决于后面的饿主语，在疑问句中取决于前面的主语。如：
Either he or I am mistaken.他和我都没错。
Either he or you are to go there.不是他就是你要到那儿去。

难点突破
1. 主谓一致的考查主要 体现在单项选择和短代改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时，遇到这样
的题时，要牢记主谓一致的三 个基本原则。一定要根据句子内容抓住关键的主语部分。同时还要考虑
句子的时态和语态。
2. one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。 the only one
of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
Jim was one of the boys who were late for class.
Jim was the only one of the boys who was late for class.

【典型例题】
[例1] E-mail, as well as telephones, _____ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
分析：带有as well as 短语的名词做主语时，谓语动词与这个名词的人称和数一致，不受as well as
短语内容的影响。E-mail是单数形式，故选择A。

[例2] Either John or his friends _____ to blame for the bad results.
A. are B. is C. was D. has been
分析：either…or..连接两个名词做主语时，其谓语动词与离它最近的 名词的数和人称一致，本题中
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his friends 决定了谓语动词的形式，故选择A。

[例3] The conductor and composer _____ by a crowd of people.
A. are greeted B. is greeted C. greets D. have been greeted
分析：根据句意，主语部分的The conductor and composer 是指一个人即：乐队指挥兼作曲家， 所
以主语的内容是单数形式，故选择B。

[例4] —The trousers _____ you well, madam.
—But the colour _____ me.
A. fit; don’t suit B. fits; doesn’t suit C. fits; don’t suit D. fit; doesn’t suit
分析：trousers, clothes, glasses,等名词本身就是复数形式。谓语动词用复数形式。Colour 是单数，
谓语用单数，故选择D。

[例5] The Smith’s family, which _____ rather a large one, _____ very fond of their old house.
A. were; were B. was; were C. were; was D. was; was
分析：family指“家庭”为单数，指“家庭成员”为复数形式。第一空格前的which 指“家庭” 谓语用was.
第二空格后的fond of指“家庭成员喜欢他们的老房子” 谓语为were，故选择B。

[例6] He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
分析：当定语从句先行词是“one of +复数形式”时， 其后的从句谓语动词用复数形式。而当one之
前有the only时， 定语从句则强调the only one，谓语动词用单数。另外，题目中的时间状语for three
years表明从句的时态为现在完成时，故选择D。
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[例7] Three fifths of the police _____ in the school near the town.
A. has trained B. have trained C. has been trained D. have been trained
分析：分数+名词做主语时，谓语动词的形式由分数所指的名 词的形式（可数名词或不可数名词）
决定，police 是集合名词为复数形式，根据句子意思，police 与train 为被动关系，应用被动语态，
故选择D。

短代改错片段：
1. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.
分析：本句中主语Now my picture and the prize是复数形式，谓语动词is应改为are.
2. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at
once.
分析：本句第一 行，根据全篇内容的语境，应当是一般现在时，所以谓语动词talked改为talk.第二
行：根据 句意：我们下课后立刻又成了陌生人。Stranger应当与主语we一致，改为复数形式，stranger s.
3. But not all information are good to society.
分析：主语information是不可数名词，are应改为is

【模拟试题】
1. —Is there anybody in the classroom?
—No, the teacher, together with the students _____ to the playground.
A. go B. went C. has gone D. have gone
2. —Are these your sheep?
—No. Mine _____ on grass at the foot of the hill.
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A. are feeding B. feed C. is fed D. is feeding
3. Sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and women _____ a very shy
girl with two bright eyes.
A. was B. are C. were D. there was
4. Mr. Bush, together with his wife and daughter _____ going to Japan next week.
A. are B. is C. will be D. would be
5. Not the teacher but the students _____ excited.
A. is B. has C. are D. have
6. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _____ all that I can spare to talk with you.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
7. _____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifths; are C. Two fifth; are D. Two fifths; is


【试题答案】
1. C
分析：本题考查的主谓一致的内容与上一题相同，从句子的语境判断，应当用现在完成时。
2. A
分析：mine指my sheep 为复数形式。是主动语态。
3. A
分析：本句为倒装句。主语是a very shy girl with two bright eyes.核心主语是a very shy girl，为单
数，全句为过去时。
4. B
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分析：全句的核心主语是Mr. Bush，为单数，全句为将来时。
5. C
分析：运用就近原则，谓语动词和主语the students 一致，此处为主系表结构，用be动词。
6. C
分析：主语ten minutes表示时间，被视为一个整体，为单数形式。全句是现在时。
7. D
分析：本句核心主语是land，为单数形式，同时注意分数的表达形式。