千的组词：克拉申“监控假说”之我见

2020年12月2日发(作者：石声泰)
龙源期刊网 http:
克拉申“监控假说”之我见

作者：胡学宏

来源：《农家科技中旬刊》2016年第10期

摘 要：监视假说阐述了习得和学得的关系并且分析了后者对前者的影响
关键词：监视假说；习得；学得
Abstract： Krashen’s “Monitor Hypothesis” is one of his Monitor Model which is built on the
basis of the claim that adult second language performers have two separated ways to internalize the
target language， “acquisition” and “learning”.
Key Words： Monitor Hypothesis； acquisition； learning
The Discussion of Krashen’s Monitor Hypothesis
The fundamental statement of Monitor Hypothesis is that “conscious learning” is available to the
adult performers only as a monitor or editor， which means “learning” has only one function： to
monitor learner’s utterance which is initiated by the acquired system. And the monitor functions
successfully only under three specific conditions： firstly， there is sufficient time for performer to
think about and apply conscious grammatical rules； Secondly， performer must focus on “form” or
“correctness” rather than “meaning”； thirdly， the performer needs to know the predicted rules
（Krashen，1981）.
Even though Krashen provides a wide array of second language acquisition （SLA）
phenomena， his Monitor Hypothesis has always been criticized lacking of empirical evidence， as a
result it is not readily testable. Most of the critiques direct at his three conditions.
First of all， Krashen’s Monitor Hypothesis is paradoxical and gives dubious distinction to some
concepts， such as conscious （learning） and subconscious （acquisition）； rules and feel. As a
result， it is impossible to distinguish whether the self-correction of a performer is on the basis of
acquired system or learned system （McLaughlin，1978）， even though several experiments are
carried out by Krashen and his colleagues to confirm that students tend to use “acquired grammar
[improved comprehensibility]” for “self-correction” unless they are deliberately focused on discrete
points of grammar in obligatory occasions， Houcketal.（1978） still show worries about the
reliability of the limited results. Furthermore， the Monitor Hypothesis claims that learning has only
one function， which is to monitor the learner’s utterance， this will ignore learning’s role of
comprehension in the reception of language. Even though this statement is supported by the evidence
that individual who has known a rule for years but still fails to use it right even after thousands of
repetitions. However， it is argued that even native-speakers will make mistakes as well