学弈读后感：国家勋章 the Medal of the Republic

2020年12月3日发(作者：褚陶)
国家勋章 the Medal of the Republic
国家勋章（the Medal of the Republic）和国家荣誉称号（national
titles of honor）集中评选颁授，隆重表彰一批为新中国建设和发展作
出杰出贡献的功勋模范人物。
Chinese scientist Tu Youyou, winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize for
the discovery of artemisinin, has been nominated for China's
Medal of the Republic.
因发现青蒿素而获得2015年诺贝尔生理 学或医学奖的我国科学家屠呦
呦入选“共和国勋章”建议名单。
Besides Tu, seven other role models have been nominated for
the honor, including Zhang Fuqing, a 94-year- old war hero who
served as a soldier in the Chinese People's Liberation Army
during the Liberation War (1946-49) and was twice awarded the
title of Heroand Yuan Longping, a Chinese
agricultural expert who is also called the
除屠呦呦以外，入选“共和国勋章”建议名单的还有94岁的张富清以
及我国农业专家、“杂交水稻之 父”袁隆平等七人。张富清在解放战争
的枪林弹雨中多次荣立战功，荣获“战斗英雄”称号两次。
Another 28 figures have been nominated for a national honorary
title.
另有28人入选国家荣誉称号建议人选。
Among the candidates are Nan Rendong, the founding scientist
of China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio
Telescope (FAST); Tung Chee-hwa, the first chief executive of the
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; and Cheng Kaijia, a
nuclear weapons expert who participated in experiments of the
country's first atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb and the
combination of the two bombs.
其中包括500米口径球面射电望远镜（FAST）工程概念提出者南仁东，< br>香港特别行政区首位行政长官董建华，以及我国核武器事业的开拓者、
参与和主持首次原子弹、氢 弹试验，以及“两弹”结合飞行试验的核武
器专家程开甲。

【我国的功勋荣誉表彰体系】
自党的十八大以来，为建立起中国特色功勋荣誉表彰体系，党中 央确立
了“1+1+3”的制度建设方案。即，党中央制定一个指导性文件，全国
人大常委会制 定一部法律，有关方面分别制定党内、国家、军队3个功
勋荣誉表彰条例。
当前，中国确立了以“五章一簿”为主干的统一、规范、权威的功勋荣
誉表彰制度体系。
“五章”是指“共和国勋章”（the Medal of the Republic）、“七一
勋章”（the July 1 Medal）、“八一勋章”（the August 1 Medal）、
“友谊勋章”（the Friendship Medal）以及国家荣誉称号（national
titles of honor）；“一簿”是指功勋簿（Book of Merit）。
共和国勋章 the Medal of the Republic
授予为党、国家和人民的事业作出巨大贡献、功勋卓著的杰出人士
（those with great contributions and distinguished service
for the Party, the country and the people），这是根 据宪法法律规
定，由全国人大常委会决定、国家主席签发证书并颁授的国家勋章，是
国家最高荣 誉（the highest honor of the country）。

七一勋章 the July 1 Medal
授予在中国特色社会主义伟大事业和党的建设新的伟大工程中作出杰
出贡献的党员（CPC members who have made great
contributions to the development of socialism with Chinese
characteristics and the construction of the CPC），这是由中共中
央决定、中共中央总书记签发证书并颁授的党内最高荣誉（the highest
honor of the CPC）。

八一勋章 the August 1 Medal
授予在维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，推进国防和军队现代化建设中
建立卓越功勋的军队人员（servicemen and women who have
strongly safeguarded the country's sovereignty, national
security and benefit, and who have made outstanding
contributions to the development of national defense and
the modernization of the military），这是由中央军委决定、中央
军委主席签发证书并颁授的军队最高荣誉（the highest honor of the
military）。

友谊勋章 the Friendship Medal
授予为我国社会主义现代化建设和促进中外交流合作、维 护世界和平作
出杰出贡献的外国人（foreigners who have made outstanding
contributions to China's socialist modernization drive,
promoted exchange and cooperation between China and the
world, and helped maintain world peace），为国家最高荣誉。

国家荣誉称号（national titles of honor）
授予在经济、社会、 国防、外交、教育、科技、文化、卫生、体育等各
领域各行业作出重大贡献、享有崇高声誉的杰出人士（ prominent
figures who have made great contributions and earned
reputations in fields such as economy, society, national
defense, diplomacy, education, science, culture, health and
sports）。

功勋簿 Book of Merit
为记载上述功勋荣誉获得者及其功绩（to keep a record of these
medal recipients and their achievements），还专门设立了党、国
家、军队功勋簿。