动词过去式变化规则

2020年12月6日发(作者：艾尔肯)
动词过去式变化规则
一.规则变化
1.一般直接加-ed 如：work—worked
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d 如：live—lived
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加-ed 如：study—studied
4.以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加-ed 如：enjoy—enjoyed
5.以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-ed
如：stop—stopped
二.不规则变化
1. A---A--- A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形）
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 割，切
hurt hurt hurt 受伤
hit hit hit 打
let let let 让
put put put 放下
read read read 读
set set set 安置，安排
spread spread spread 传播
shut shut shut 关闭
2. A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）
beat beat beaten 打
3. A---B--- A型（现在式和过去分词同形）
come came come 来
become became become 变
run ran run 跑
4. A ---B ---B型
（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
burn burnt burnt 燃烧
learn learnedlearnt learned learnt 学习
mean meant meant 意思
hear heard heard 听见
（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。
build built built 建筑
lend lent lent 借给
lose lost lost 失去
send sent sent 送
spend spent spent 花费
（3）其他
pay paid paid 付
lay laid laid 下蛋
say said said 说
bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买
think thought thought 想
fight fought fought 战斗

sleep slept slept 睡
keep kept kept 保持
sweep swept swept 扫

stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 明白

win won won 得胜
shine shone shone 发光

catch caught caught 抓住
teach taught taught 教

feel felt felt 觉得
find found found 发现
get got got 得到
hang hanged hung hanged hung 绞死挂
have had had 有
hold held held 盛，握
leave left left 离开
make made made 制造
meet met met 遇见
shoot shot shot 射击

tell told told 告诉
sell sold sold 卖

smell smelt smelt 嗅，闻
sit sat sat 坐
dig dug dug 挖
5. A---B--- C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）
（1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
steal stole stolen 偷
give gave given 给
freeze froze frozen 冻结
take took taken 拿
see saw seen 看见
write wrote written 写
ride rode ridden 骑
drive drove driven 驾驶

throw threw thrown 抛，扔
blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生长
know knew known 知道
draw drew drawn 拉，绘画
show showed shown 展示
fly flew flown 飞
（2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。
speak spoke spoken 说话
break broke broken 破碎，折断
wake waked woke waked waken 醒
choose chose chosen 选择
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。
begin began begun 开始
ring rang rung 按铃
sing sang sung 唱
sink sank sunk 沉
swim swam swum 游泳
drink drank drunk 饮
（4）其他不规则动词的变化。
be(am, is) was were been 是
be(are) were been 是
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺
wear wore worn 穿