在这里真好英国文学术语解释

2020年12月10日发(作者：邓朴方)
icism:An artistic and intellectual movement originating in
Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest
in nature, emphasis on the individual's expression of emotion and
imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism.
English literary romanticism is from the publication of Wordsworth and
Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads in 1798 to the death of Sir Walter Scott in
1832. 时间、起止标志、特点、五个I

As normally used in literary study,symbol suggests a connection between
the ordinary sense of reality and a moral or spiritual order.
Symbolism
The practice of employing symbols is called symbolism,a term also used
to describe a group of symbols within a particular text.
Just as characterization and dialogue and plot work on the surface to
move the story along,symbolism works under the surface to tie the story’s
external action to the theme.
The use of one object or action (a symbol) to represent or suggest
something else.
Broadly, the term symbolism may refer to symbolic meaning or the
practice of investing things with a symbolic meaning.
is a short composition in prose that undertakes to discuss a matter,
express a point of view, persuade us to accept a thesis on any subject, or
simply essay can be formal and informal.
1561-1626
the founder of English materialist philosophy.
The founder of modern science.
the first English essayist.
Bacon’s style:Brevity（简短）Compactness(紧密，简洁) Powerfulness
Firstly, Bacon borrowed the title from the French philosopher Montaigne.
But different from Montaigne’s personal and informal style, Bacon’s
style is more formal and more tightly organized.
Secondly, these essays cover a variety of subjects, such as “the meaning
of truth,” “the composition of beauty,” “friendship,” “marriage,”
and “parents and children.”
Thirdly, these essays, though short, are sinewy, full of wisdom, and
elegantly phrased. They offer people useful and practical advice, and
encourage people to play more active roles in their social life.
著作“Advancement of Learning”“New Instrument”“New Atlantis”
“Essays”
Born in a family that had connections with the court.
Went to Cambridge at 12.
image of Robinson Crusoe
One of the representative of the rising bourgeoisie.
An enterprising Englishman.
A laborer, a hard-working industrious and intelligent man.
A typical colonizer, explorer, and a foreign trader.
：A poem of fourteen lines, each line being typically an iambic
pentametre of ten syllables.
The Italian (or Petrarchan) Sonnet has two divisions: The first 8
lines (rhyming abba abba) are the octave, and the last six (rhyming cd cd
cd, or a variant) are the sestet.
The second kind of sonnet, the English (or Shakespearean) Sonnet,
is usually arranged into 3 quatrains and a couplet, rhyming abab cdcd efef
gg. The couplet is usually the conclusion.
peare
Poet,actor and playwright.
Wrote 37 plays, 154 sonnets, and 2 long narrative poems.
1) Contributions to language
Many words and commonly used phrases have been added to
everyday English vocabulary through their appearance in Shakespeare's
works.
2) Effects on literature
Shakespeare's plays & poetry have had a pervasive influence on world
literature.
Most of the great literary figures of the world have been inspired &
stimulated by his achievement.
4 great comedies
The Merchant of venice 《威尼斯商人》
A Midsummer Night’s Dream 《仲夏夜之梦》
As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》
Twelfth night 《第十二夜》

4 greatest tragedies
(1601)Hamlet《哈姆雷特》
(1604)Othello 《奥赛罗》
(1605)King Lear《李尔王》
(1606)Macbeth 《麦克白》
m Wordsworth
1)A leader of English Romanticism ，A lake poet ，Poet of nature
In 1842 he became the Poet Laureate(桂冠诗人 )
2)Poetry is “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which
originates in emotion recollected in tranquility”
3)Main features:back to nature,deep love of nature
appeal to individual sensations
attention to humble folk of rural life
simplicity and purity in language
4)The Function of poetry:
Poetry is to give an unexpected splendor(grand and impressive
beauty华丽) to familiar and commonplace things, to incidents and
situations from common life.