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冷死我了图片英汉互译实用教程精简笔记

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-12-11 14:25
tags:affectionate

南京最低工资标准-哈尔滨特色

2020年12月11日发(作者:万毅)
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一 翻译概论
译者合格条件
五条:1.外文水平高 2.中文水平高 3.知识面广 4.政治觉悟较高5.熟悉基本的
翻译技巧



A brief introduction to the history of translation in china
Translation in china has a long history of about two thousand years. During the
centuries, quite a number of world-famous translators in China appeared one after
another and they made great contributions to China as well as to the world in the
development of translation.
See the following facts:
1. The Eastern Han – the Northern and Southern Dynasties (25—581)
China invited foreigners or the foreigners came to China by themselves to translate
Buddhist Scripture. Among them were An Shigao (An Qing)from Persia (now Iran ),
Indu Dharmarakcha and Kumarajiva form India.
2. The Sui Dynasty (581—618) – the Tang Dynasty (618—907): Golden Age of
Translation in Ancient China.
Three giants in translating Buddhist Scripture appeared:
1) Xuan Zang ( the Tang Dynasty )
2) Kumarajiva (the Eastern Jin Dynasty ) 鸠摩罗什
3) Paramatha (also called Gunarata ) ( N.& S. Dynasties) 真谛 (波罗末
他)
3. The Ming Dynasty (1368—1644)
Xu Guangqi ( 徐光启), a Chinese and M. Ricci, ( 利玛窦) an Italian
cotranslated Euclid’s Elements (or: Euclid’s Elementorum )
4. The Qing Dynasty (1644—1911 )
There were great translators like Yan Fu and Lin Shu
Lin Shu:
1 Camille ( or: La Dame aux Camelias ) ( 《巴黎茶花女遗事》)
2 Uncle Tom’s Cabin ( 《黑奴吁天录》)
3 David Copperfield ( 《块肉余生述》)

Yan Fu:
1 Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays by T. H. Huxley (《天演论》)
2 An Inquiry Into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations by A. Smith
(《原富》)
3 On Liberty by J. S. Mill (《群己权界论》)
4 A History of Politics by E. Jenks (《社会通诠》)
习题
Fu’s 3-word translation criteria are faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance.
(严氏三字真言)
2. The two words used as the common criteria of translation in China today are
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faithfulness and smoothness.
3. Translation is a representation or recreation in one language of what is written or
said in another language, not only an art but also a science. (what is meant by
translation?)
4. Karl Marx was fond of saying: “A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of
life.”
5. Generally speaking, a qualified translator should have five prerequisites:
1 a good command of the source language,
2 a good command of the target language,
3 a wide range and scope of knowledge,
4 a high political consciousness,
5 a necessary knowledge of basic techniques used in translation.
6. To me, the criteria of translation should be the following two words: faithfulness
and smoothness, or even only one word:faithfulness. (what do you think should be the
criteria of translation?) (faithfulness 更重要)

“宁顺而不信。”“宁信而不顺”
“it is better to have a smooth version than a faithful one.” “rather be faithful (in thought)
than smooth (in language)
“保持着原作丰姿”
“keep the full flavor of the original work.”
直译与意译
Literal translation and liberal (free) translation

二 大写,标点符号与英汉互译
大写规则
1. 历史上的时间,时期和文件。
2. 商品的牌子名称
3. 星期名、月份、假日
4. 人名和地名
5. 标题与书名等专名中的实词与两个音节及其以上的虚词。如 《儒林外史》 The
Scholars
6. 圣经中关于上帝的名词与代词
7. 职称、头衔和亲属关系称呼用在人名前头时
8. 机关、学校、建筑物和商业机构的名称,其中英译中的实词。如:教育部 Ministry
of Education
9. 种族、国籍、语言和宗教方面的词语。
10. 其他一切有特 殊含义的词语,包括一句话或一封信的开头词、诗行的开头词、
直接引语的开头词、强调词语等。

几种标点符号的例句及其英译:
1. 认识落后,才能去改变落后;学习先进,才有可能赶超先进。
Backwardness must be perceived before it can be changed. A person must learn
from the advanced before he can catch up and surpass them. (分号变句号)
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2. 许贞一把抱住秀云,惊异地问道:“你这是怎么啦?”
Xu Zhen hugged Xiuyun and inquired in astonishment. “What’s the matter with
you?” (冒号变句号)
3. 1)······和那墙头上“休谈国事”的招贴,形成一种奇怪的对比和讽刺。
... in ironical contrast to the sign on the wall: “Political discussion prohibited.”
( 逗号变冒号)

2)王冕看了一回,心里想道“古人说,‘人在画图中’,其实不错。”
As Wang Mian watched, he thought, “The ancients said, ‘In a beautiful scene a
man feels he is part of a picture.’ How true!” (加逗号,句号变感叹号)
4. “出去!你们全都出去!”秀云发出了命令。
“Clear out, all of you!” Xiuyun ordered. (感叹号变逗号)
5. “你想要什么?”他怒吼道。

“What do YOU want?” he growled. (着重号变大写)
6. 爱新觉罗·溥仪 Aisin-Giore Pu Yi 约瑟夫·布罗兹·铁托 Josip Broz
Tito
7. 1)据《大唐西域记》记载,那时龟兹有佛寺一百所,僧尼五千余人。
According to his Travels in the Western Region, Qiuci boasted of more than 100
Buddhist temples and 5000 nuns and monks.
2) 《故乡》是《鲁迅短篇小说选》一书中最优秀的篇目之一。
“My Old Home” is one of the best stories in the book Selected Stories of Lu
Xun. (文章、诗、短篇 书名号变引号,书名的书名号变斜体)
8. 司马相如者,汉 蜀郡 成都人也,字长卿。
Sima Xiangru, a native of Chengdu in Shu country, is alternatively named
Changqing. (下划线去掉)
9. 不管我在那里,我还是拿北京作我的小说背景,因为闭上眼睛想起的北京,是要比睁着眼看见的地方,更亲切、更真实、更有感情的,这是真话。
No matter where I was, I should like to write my novel with Beijing as its
background. For in my mind’s eye, Beijing appears to me more intimate, more
tangible and more affectionate than any other place I actually see. That is a plain
fact. (顿号变逗号)

10. 1)于是我自己解释说:故乡本也是如此,——虽然没有进步,也未必有如我
所感的悲凉。
Then I rationalized the matter to myself, saying, Home was always like this, and
although it has not improved, still it is not so depressing as I imagined.
2)消息传到聂荣臻将军那里时,他让人把这两个日本小女孩接到前线 司令
部接待所——滹沱河畔一座小山庄里的一幢农庄。
When General Nie Rongzhen learned about the girls he had them brought to a
cottage in a mountain hamlet by the side of the Hutuo River, the guesthouse of
the front line command headquarters. ( 破折号有时可译成句号或逗号)



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英、汉标点对照
1. period (.) 句号(。)
(,) 逗号(,)
(:) 冒号(:)
lon(;) 分号(;)
(-) 破折号(——)
6. question mark (?) 问号(?)
ion mark(“”or‘’) 引号(“”或‘’)
8. exclamation (!) 感叹号(!)
9. ellipsis (...) 省略号(······)
heses( () ) 括号(园)( () )
ts( [] ) 括号(方)( 【】 )
ining Rainbow 书名号(手稿) (Rainbow 或 《虹》)
s Rainbow 书名号(印刷) (Rainbow 或《虹》)
(-) (co-operate) (无对应的标点符号)
e () (heshe) (斜线号,一般汉译为“或”)
ophe (’) (Mike’s) (一般译为“···的”)


标点特别情况
(,)(you, he and I ) 顿号 (你、我和他)


Apostrophe 的译法 1省字母号(I’m = I am) 2省音号(electric ’lectric) 3副数符
号 (many M.P.’s) 4所有格符号 (boy’s book)

习题
1. 琼斯一家的汽车 the Joneses’ car
2. 我几位嫂子的信 my sisters-in-law’s letters
3. 我表兄弟们的房子 my cousins’ houses
4. 基辛格和尼克松的计划 Kissinger and Nixon’s letters
5. 尼克松和罗杰斯各自的计划 Nixon’s and Rogers’s plans

三 专有名词和其他一些名词的翻译
专有名词,指人名、地名、机构团体名和其他具有特殊含义的名词或名词词组
1 外译汉
长期以来,由于我国在专有名词的翻译中缺乏统一的规定,所以存在着专有名
词翻译的混乱情况。
如:Sir Isaac Newton 奈端(现译:牛顿)
Chicago 诗家谷支加哥(现译:芝加哥)
连现在的一些普通名词,早先也有各种各样听来古怪的译名
Logic 逻辑学:严复译为“名学”;孙中山译成“理则学”
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Philosophy 哲学:马相伯译为:“致知”,蔡元培译为“道”
新中国成立以来,我国采取的措施来消除这些问题。
1) Follow the pronunciation of the owner of proper names (名从主人)
2) Use the standard pronunciation of the Chinese character (标准汉音)
3) Adopt the established popular translated names (约定俗成)
约定俗成的几个例子:
Caesar 凯撒 Eden 艾登 Bethune 白求恩 Athens 雅典 Seattle 西雅图

关于外国专有名词汉译的问题 ,还要记得两点:一是外国人的名字,特别是
长期住在中国、工作在中国的一些外国人,往往喜欢把自己 的名字中国化,即听
起来很像中国人的姓名;二是音译要采用译音表所规定的汉字,不要用那些容易引起联想的字。
外国专有名词的意译:一般来说,大多数专有名词用音译;但有一部分确
有明确含义者,应用意译.
各学科的术语和某些普通名词的翻译规则
The Translation of Technical Terms and Other Common Nouns
Nothing gives the translator more trouble and more perplexity than the
translation of technical terms of social, natural and military sciences. Technical terms,
especially those of natural sciences, were generally introduced to us first through
transliteration and later, some have been substituted by their semantic translations,
such as telephone, penicillin, etc. Others which can hardly be translated
semantically in a few Chinese characters retain their transliterations. They are:
Soviet, radar, mor phone, engine, etc. These terms contain much in them and are
likely to be misrepresented of distorted in meaning, if otherwise translated. People,
therefore, prefer to keep their transliterations, if they are short and easy to be
remembered. Almost all the terms in Buddhism were transliterated and afterward
shortened, such as the translations of the words thupo(塔),sangha(僧),etc.
Most of the technical terms, especially those of military and social sciences,
are translated semantically. Typical examples of military terms are jet plane,
submarine,machine gun, guided missile,etc. Terms of a social nature are Buddhism,
Marxism,etc.
Besides the transliteration and the semantic translation, there is a third way of
translating technical terms and other common nouns, i.e., to coin new Chinese
characters if need be. In the translation of chemical elements such as oxygen,
hydrogen, antimony,tungsten and some other names as coffee, pump, typhoon, etc. ,
the new coined Chinese characters are used.
1. Pure transliteration
Chocolate 巧克力 sofa 沙发 morphine 吗啡 khan 可汗
2. Pure semantic translation
Airplane 飞机 president 总统 truth 真理 bread 面包
3. Both transliteration and semantic translation
Club 俱乐部 Utopia 乌托邦 typhoon 台风 romantic 浪漫
4. Transliteration with semantic translation at the end
Beer 啤酒 cigar 雪茄烟 czar 沙皇 card 卡片 jeep 吉普车
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5. Symbolical translation with a semantic explanation at the end
Cross 十字架 pyramid 金字塔 grape 葡萄弹 mattock 鹤嘴锄
2.汉译外
The Translation of Chinese Names of Persons and Places Into English
The Wade-Giles System(
威妥玛
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贾尔斯系统)
has been applied to the transliteration
of Chinese words into English for a long time. The system was initiated by Thomas
Francis Wade(威妥玛), who published his system first in 1859. As both an
imperialist agent and a 19
th
century sinologist(汉学家), he had lived in China for
scores of years before he became the British Minister Plenipotentiary to China(英
国驻华全权公使) in the Qing Dynasty.
There are cases where several names represent the same person. Sometimes, a title
or nickname is also used to fulfill the function of a real name. We can find a lot of
examples in our Chinese novels. The trouble is that all the different names of the same
person may come out alternatively in the same story or even in the same paragraph. In
order that no trace of ambiguity os to be left in the version, a translator has got to
ward off any possible misplacement. In this connexion, he may transliterate only one
of the different names and use it for all the rest or transliterate all of them and give an
explanation to each by way of a note.
When we translate some names containing or implying a special, certain
meaning of nickname, we are to use semantic translation, or to translate them in
a combination of semantic translation and transliteration.

另外把汉语专名译成英语,有两点要特别 注意:1.性和名的第一个英文字母
要大写,在名性之间空一字符,如:杜牧( Du Mu) 2.音节界限易混淆读者,应
使用隔音符号。如:吴承恩(Wu Cheng’en) 西安(Xi’an)

附文
Suggestion or Standard
lize the first letter of proper names of companies and organization in
Beijing.
lize each letter of Pinyin and the first letter of each English word for roads
or other place names in order to distinguish Pinyin from English words.
iations are used for general names such as “avenue,” “road” adn
“expressway” when they follow specific proper names of a place.
e.g.
The abbreviation for “Avenue (DaJie)” is “Ave”.
The abbreviation for “Road (Lu)” is “Rd”.
The abbreviation for “Expressway (Gaosulu)” is “Expwy”.
lize the singleword road signs in line with international practice.
EXIT (Chukou) = ENTRANCE (Rikou)
h words are used to indicate direction. When used in specific road names,
“East,” “West,” “South” and “North” should be abbreviated, respectively, into
“E. ,” “W. ,” “S. ,” and “N.”
E.g:“Xisanhuan Beilu” should be translated into “W. 3
rd
Ring Rd. N.”
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h equivalents are used for infrastructure and facilities used internationally,
such as “ Jichang (airport),” “Chezhan (railway station),” “Yiyuan (hospital),”
“Tiyuguan (stadium),” and “Jiayouzhan (gas station),”
is used for any overpass in Beijing.
Ordinal numbers in English.
E.g: 1
st
2
nd
3
rd

9.”interchange” is used for an intersection without traffic light and “Junction”
for that with traffic light.

某些英文报刊名称的汉译
1. The Times 《泰晤士报》
2. New York Times 《纽约时报》
3. The Sunday Times 《星期日时报》
4. Daily Telegraph 《每日电讯报》
5. Daily Mirror 《每日镜报》
6. The Guardian 《前卫》 (杂志) E
7. Wall Street Journal 《华尔街日报》
8. The Sun 《太阳报》 E
9. Observer 《观察家报》 E
10. Chicago Tribune 《芝加哥论坛报》
11. The Boston Globe 《波士顿环球报》
12. Christian Science Monitor 《基督教科学箴言报》
13. Time 《时代周刊》 A
14. Newsweek 《新闻周刊》 A
15. TV Guide 《电视导报》 周刊
16. National Geographic Magazine 《全国地理杂志》
17. Reader’s Digest 《读者文摘》 月刊
18. Family Circle 《家族》 月刊 (杂志)
19. Good Housekeeping 《家政》 (杂志)
20. The Star 《星报》

练习
一、翻译报刊名称
g Standard ( B.) 《旗帜晚报》(英国)
g Star (B.) 《晨星报》 (英)
g Star (Ind.) 《晨星》 (杂志) (印度)
g Star (Sri.L) 《晨星》 (月刊) (斯里兰卡)
g Times (Sri.L) 《时代晨报》(斯里兰卡)
(B.) 《笨拙》 周刊 (英)
(Ghana) 《笨拙报》 周刊 (加纳)
Times(B.) 《电视时代》 周刊 (英)
Times (B.) 《广播时报》 周刊 (英)
Listener (B.) 《听众》 周刊 (英)
二、根据我国政府1978年12月关于我国地名汉译外的规定,改换下列旧译名。
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Beijing 2. Formosa Taiwan
3. Swatow Shantou 4. Canton( City) Guangzhou
Xiamen Yellow River The Huanghe
三、意译下列人名或绰号
1.王胡子 Whisker Wang 2.钱麻子 Pock-marked Qian
3.陈虾子 Chen the Shrimp 4.胡偏头 Slant-necked Hu
5.张铁臂 Iron-armed Zhang 6.周剥皮 Skinner Zhou
四、意译下列旅游地名或建筑名
1.莫愁湖 Carefree Lake
2.玉泉 Jade Foundation
3.大观园 Grand View Garden
4.清水塘 Clear Water Pool
5.枫树湾 Maple Bay
6.放生池 Releasing Life Pool
7.马蹄角 Horse- shoe Bay (Cape)
8.鸭嘴滩 Duck’s Bill Beach
9.庐山 Mount Lu
10.居庸关 Juyongguan
11.宝塔山 Pagoda Hill
12.紫金山 Purple Metal Hill (Purple Mountain)
13.卧龙岗 Sleeping Dragon (Reposing Dragon Ridge)
14.摩天岭 Sky-kissing Range
15.独秀峰 Peak of Unique Beauty
16.雨花台 Rain Flower Mount (Terrace of the Raining Flower)
17.飞虎峪 Flying Tiger Gully
18.鼓楼坡 Drum Tower Slope
19.小石崖 Small Rock Cliff
20.燕子矶 Swallow Cliff
21.七星岩 Seven-Star Crag
22.仙人洞 Fairy Cave
23.朝阳沟 Facing-Sun Valley
24.凤凰冲 Phoenix Dip
25.大雁塔 Bid wild Goose Pagoda
26.湖心亭 Mid-Lake Pavilion
27.佛香阁 Pavilion of the Fragrance of Buddha
28.大观楼 Grand Spectacle Tavern
29.听鹂馆 Hall of Listening to the Orioles
30.忠义堂 Loyalty & Justice Hall
31.聚义厅 Hall of Justice
32.养心殿 Hall of Mental Cultivation
33.坤宁宫 Palace of Earthly Tranquility
34.颐和园 Summer Palace
35.灵隐室 Monastery of Soul’s Retreat
36.文庙 Confucius Temple
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37.观音庵 Nunnery of the Goddess Mercy
38.长春观 Changchun Taoist Temple
39.虎跑泉 Tiger-clawed Spring
40.白鹿洞书院 White-deer-cave Academy


人名翻译
Political Figure
Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝
Caesar 凯撒 Stalin 斯大林 Lenin 列宁
Winston Churchhill 温斯顿·丘吉尔 Margaret Thatcher撒切尔
Napoleon 拿破仑 Charles de Gaulle 夏尔·戴高乐
Writer
Homer 荷马 Virgil维吉尔 Ovid 奥维德 Dante 但丁
British Writer
William Shakespeare 莎士比亚 Geoffrey Chaucer 乔叟
John Milton 约翰·弥尔顿 Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根
William Wordsworth 威廉华兹华斯 John Keats 约翰济慈
George Gordon Byron 乔治·戈登·拜伦 Charles Dickens 狄更斯
W.B. Yeats 叶芝 Virginia Woolf 伍尔芙 D.H. Lawrence D.H.劳伦斯
George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳 George Orwell 乔治·奥威尔
Thomas Hardy 托马斯·哈代 Oscar Wilde奥斯卡·王尔德
French Writer
Victor Hugo 维克多·雨果 Balzac巴尔扎克
Maupassant莫泊桑 Flaubert福楼拜
Alexander Dumas, pere 大仲马 Alexander Dumas, fils 小仲马
Roman Roland 罗曼·罗兰 Albert Camus 加缪
Jean Paul Sartre萨特 Simone de Beauvoir西蒙·波伏娃
American Writer
Ralph Waldo Emerson 爱默生 Henry David Thoreau 梭罗
Walt Whitman 惠特曼 Mark Twain马克·吐温
Jack London 杰克·伦敦 Theodore Dreiser 德莱赛
F. Scott. Fitzgerald 菲茨杰拉德 Ernest Hemingway 海明威
William Faulkner 福克纳 John Steinbeck 斯坦贝克
J.D. Salinger 塞林格
Other countries
Pushkin普希金 Chekhov 契诃夫 Tolstoy托尔斯泰
Goethe 歌德 Tagore 泰戈尔
Philosopher
Plato 柏拉图 Socrates 苏格拉底
Aristotle 亚里士多德 Spinoza斯宾诺莎
Kant 康德 Hegel 黑格尔
Descartes 笛卡尔 Nietzsche 尼采
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Schopenhauer 叔本华 Wittgenstein 维特根斯坦
Karl Marx 卡尔·马克思 Engels 恩格斯
Voltaire 伏尔泰 Rousseau 卢梭
Sigmund Freud 弗洛伊德 John Locke 约翰洛克
Bertrand Russell 伯特兰·罗素 Heidegger 海德格尔
Business Man
Warren Buffet 沃伦巴菲特 George Soros 乔治索罗斯
Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯 Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨
Movie Star
Marilyn Monroe 玛丽莲·梦露 Vivien Leigh 费雯·丽
Audrey Hepburn 奥黛丽·赫本 Clark Gable 克拉克盖博
Greta Garbo葛丽泰·嘉宝 Charles Chaplin卓别林
Grace Kelly 格蕾丝·凯利
李小龙 Bruce Lee 成龙 Jackie Chen 李连杰 Jet Li

Musician
Beethoven 贝多芬 Schubert 舒伯特 Debussy德彪西
Mozart 莫扎特 Bach 巴赫 Schumann舒曼 Chopin肖邦
Artist
Giotto 乔托 Botticelli波提切利
Leonard da Vinci 达芬奇 Michelangelo米开朗琪罗
Raphael拉斐尔 Rembrandt 伦勃朗
Claude Monet 克劳德·莫奈 Vincent Van Gogh 文森特·梵高
Paul Gauguin保罗·高更 Renoir雷诺阿 Manet 马奈
Picasso毕加索 Matisse马蒂斯 Andy Warhol安迪·沃霍尔
Scientist
Issac Newton 艾萨克·牛顿 Charles Darwin 查尔斯·达尔文
Galileo 伽利略 Copercicus 哥白尼
Archimedes 阿基米德 Euclid 欧几里得
Albert Einstein 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 Thomas Edison 托马斯·爱迪生
Madame Curie 居里夫人 Stephen Hawking 史蒂芬·霍金
Fictional Character
Oedipus俄狄浦斯 Don Quixote堂吉诃德
Sherlock Holmes 夏洛克·福尔摩斯 John Watson 约翰·华生
James Bond 詹姆斯·邦德
Foreigners who have Chinese names
Gary Locke 骆家辉 Jon Huntsman洪博培
Kevin Rudd 陆克文 Gladys Yang 戴乃迭
John King Fairbank 费正清 Christopher Patten彭定康
Pearl 赛珍珠 Joseph Needham 李约瑟
I.M. Pei 贝聿铭

英美报刊杂志名称
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英国
The Times 泰晤士报 The Financial Times金融时报
The Daily Telegraph每日电讯报 The Guardian卫报
The Sun太阳报 The Daily Mirror每日镜报
The News of the World世界新闻报 The Economist经济学家经济学人
美国
The New York Times纽约时报 Washington Post华盛顿邮报
The Wall Street Journal华尔街日报 USA Today今日美国
The Los Angeles Times洛杉矶时报 Reader’s Digest读者文摘
People 人物 Time时代 Newsweek新闻周刊
Businessweek商业周刊 Forbes福布斯 Fortune财富
The New Yorker 纽约客

国际组织名称
UN (United Nations) 联合国
WTO (World Trade Organization)世界贸易组织
WHO (World Health Organizaion)世界卫生组织
UNESCO(United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization)联合国
教科文组织
UNICEF (United Nations International Children Emergency Fund)
联合国儿童基金会
OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development)
经济合作与发展组织
IOC (International Olympic Committee) 国际奥委会
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 国际标准化组织
EU (European Union)欧盟
Commonwealth 英联邦
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)北大西洋公约组织(北约)
NEFTA(North American Free Trade Area)北美自由贸易区
APEC(Aisa-Pacific Economic Cooperation) 亚太经合组织
ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)
东南亚国家联盟(东盟)
OPEC (Organization of Petrolum Exporting Countries)石油输出国组织
IMF (International Monetary Fund)国际货币基金组织
World Bank 世界银行
G-8 G-20 (Summit) 八国集团, 二十国集团峰会
The World Economic Forum in Davos 达沃斯世界经济论坛


部分地名
Europe 欧洲
Britain英国
首都:London 伦敦
England 英格兰 Wales威尔士 Scotland苏格兰
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Northern Ireland 北爱尔兰
主要城市:
Cardiff 卡迪夫 Edinburgh 爱丁堡 Belfast 贝尔法斯特
Liverpool 利物浦 Leeds利兹 Manchester 曼彻斯特
Birmingham 伯明翰 Nottingham 诺丁汉 Cornwall 康沃尔
Newcastle 纽卡斯尔 Glasgow 格拉斯哥 Sheffield 谢菲尔德
Plymouth 普利茅斯 Cambridge 剑桥 Oxford 牛津
Dover 多佛 Southhampton 南安普顿
风景名胜:
Downing Street No.10唐宁街十号 Buckingham Palace 白金汉宫
The British Musuem大英博物馆 Tower of London 伦敦塔
Westminster Abbey 威斯敏斯特大教堂 Big Ben 大本钟
Heathrow airport 希斯罗机场
France法国
首都:Paris 巴黎
主要城市:
Lyon里昂 Lille 里尔 Toulouse 图卢兹 Dijon 第戎
Nice 尼斯 Bordeaux波尔多 Provence 普罗旺斯
Cannes 戛纳 Nantes 南特 Burgundy 勃艮第
风景名胜:
Le Louvre 卢浮宫 Notre Dame de Paris 巴黎圣母院
Seine 塞纳河 Eiffel Tower埃菲尔铁塔 Fontainebleau枫丹白露
Elysees爱丽舍宫 Avenue de Champs-Elysees香榭丽舍大街
Pantheon先贤祠 Versailles 凡尔赛
L’Arc de Triomphe (The Arc of triumph) 凯旋门
Italy意大利
首都:Rome 罗马
主要城市:
Milan 米兰 Naples 那不勒斯 Florence佛罗伦萨
Sienna 锡耶纳 Venice 威尼斯 Turin 都灵
Verona 维罗纳 Sicily西西里岛
Germany 德国
首都: Berlin 柏林
主要城市:
Munich 慕尼黑 Frankfurt 法兰克福 Koln 科隆
Hamburg 汉堡 Hannover 汉诺威 Stuttgart 斯图加特
Heidelberg 海德堡 Bremen 不莱梅 Dusseldorf 杜塞尔多夫
Spain 西班牙
首都:Madrid 马德里
主要城市:Barcelona 巴塞罗那 Valencia 瓦伦西亚
Netherlands 荷兰
首都:Amsterdam阿姆斯特丹
主要城市: Rotterdam 鹿特丹 Hague 海牙
Switzerland 瑞士
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首都:Bern 伯尔尼
主要城市: Geneva 日内瓦 Zurich 苏黎世
Russia 俄罗斯
首都:Moscow 莫斯科
主要城市: St. Petersburg圣彼得堡
Vladivostok符拉迪沃斯托克(海参崴)
欧洲其他国家
Andorra 安道尔
Albania 阿尔巴尼亚
Austria 奥地利 (Vienna 维也纳)
Belgium 比利时 (Brussels 布鲁塞尔)
Belarus 白俄罗斯 (Minsk 明斯克)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那 (波黑共和国)
Bulgaria 保加利亚
Croatia 克罗地亚
Cyprus 塞浦路斯
Czech 捷克 (Prague 布拉格)
Denmark 丹麦 (Copenhagen 哥本哈根)
Estonia 爱沙尼亚
Finland 芬兰 (Helsinki 赫尔辛基)
Greece 希腊 (Athens 雅典)
Hungary 匈牙利 (Budapest 布达佩斯)
Iceland 冰岛 (Reykjavik雷克雅未克)
Ireland 爱尔兰 (Dublin 都柏林)
Latvia 拉脱维亚
Lithuania 立陶宛
Luxembourg 卢森堡
The Republic of Montenegro 黑山共和国 (2006年独立)
Macedonia马其顿
Malta马耳他
Monaco 摩纳哥
Moldova 摩尔多瓦
Norway 挪威 (Oslo 奥斯陆)
Poland 波兰 (Warsaw华沙)
Portugal 葡萄牙 (Lisbon 里斯本)
Romania 罗马尼亚 (Buchrarest布加勒斯特)
Serbia 塞尔维亚 (Belgrade 贝尔格莱德)
San Marino 圣马力诺
Slovak 斯洛伐克
Sweden 瑞典 (Stockholm 斯德哥尔摩)
Turkey 土耳其 (Ankara安卡拉)
Ukraine 乌克兰 (Kiev基辅)
Kosovo 科索沃 (2008年宣布从塞尔维亚独立,尚未获得国际社会认可)
Vatican 梵蒂冈 (世界上最小的主权国家,位于意大利罗马境内)
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(以下这些国家虽然属于亚洲,但也常被列入欧洲)
Azerbaijan 阿塞拜疆
Georgia 格鲁吉亚 (注意此地名和美国的乔治亚州相同)
Kazakhstan哈萨克斯坦
Asia 亚洲
India 印度
首都:New Delhi新德里
主要城市:Mumbai孟买 Delhi 德里 Kolkata 加尔各答
Bangalore 班加罗尔
Japan 日本
首都:Tokyo 东京
主要城市:
Kyoto 京都 Yokohama 横滨 Osaka 大阪
Kobe 神户 Nagoya 名古屋 Hiroshima 广岛

Armenia 亚美尼亚
Afghanistan阿富汗 (Kabul 喀布尔)
Bangladesh 孟加拉国 (Dhaka达卡)
Bahrain 巴林
Bhutan 不丹 (Thimphu 廷布)
Brunei 文莱
Burma 缅甸
China 中国 (Beijing北京)
Cambodia 柬埔寨 (Phnom Penh金边)
Indonesia 印度尼西亚 (Jakarta 雅加达)
Laos 老挝 (Vientiane 万象)
Lebanon 黎巴嫩 (Beirut 贝鲁特)
Malaysia 马来西亚 (Kuala Lumpur 吉隆坡)
Maldives 马尔代夫 (Male 马累)
Mongolia 蒙古 (Ulan Bator乌兰巴托)
Nepal 尼泊尔 (Kathmandu 加德满都)
North Korea 朝鲜 (Pyongyang平壤)
South Korea 韩国 (Seoul 首尔)
Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡 (Colombo 科伦坡)
Thailand 泰国 (Bangkok 曼谷)
Pakistan 巴基斯坦 (Islamabad 伊斯兰堡)
Philippines菲律宾 (Manila 马尼拉)
Singapore 新加坡
Vietnam 越南 (Hanoi 河内)
Timor-Leste 东帝汶
Jordan 约旦 (Amman安曼)
Iraq 伊拉克 (Baghdad 巴格达)
Iran 伊朗 (Tehran 德黑兰)
Israel 以色列 (Tel Aviv 特拉维夫)
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Palestine 巴勒斯坦 (尚未建国) Jerusalem (耶路撒冷)
Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯 (Riyadh 利雅得)
Yemen 也门
Oman 阿曼
The United Arab Emirates 阿联酋 (Abu Dhabi 阿布扎比)
Kuwait 科威特
Qatar 卡塔尔 (Doha 多哈)
Syria 叙利亚 (Damascus 大马士革)
Turkmenistan 土库曼斯坦
Kyrgyz吉尔吉斯斯坦
Tajikistan塔吉克斯坦
Uzbekistan 乌兹别克斯坦
Oceania 大洋洲

Australia澳大利亚
首都:Canberra 堪培拉
主要城市:
Sydney 悉尼 Melbourne 墨尔本 Brisbane 布里斯班
Adelaide 阿德莱德 Perth 珀斯
New Zealand 新西兰
首都:Wellington 惠灵顿
大洋洲其他国家
Fiji 斐济 Papua New Guinea 巴布亚新几内亚
Nauru 瑙鲁 Palau 帕劳 Tonga 汤加
Tuvalu 图瓦卢 Solomon Islands 所罗门群岛

North America 北美洲
Canada 加拿大
首都: Ottawa 渥太华
主要城市:
Toronto 多伦多 Montreal 蒙特利尔 Vancouver 温哥华
Calgary 卡尔加里 Quebec 魁北克
The United States of America 美国
首都:Washington D.C. 华盛顿特区
主要城市:
New York 纽约 Boston 波士顿 Chicago 芝加哥
Detroit 底特律 Philadelphia费城 Cleveland 克利夫兰
Cincinnati 辛辛那提 Nashville 纳什维尔 Baltimore 巴尔的摩
Pittsburgh 匹兹堡 Memphis 孟菲斯 Buffalo 布法罗
Los Angeles 洛杉矶 San Francisco 旧金山 (圣弗朗西斯科)
San Jose 圣何塞 San Diego圣地亚哥 (圣迭戈)
Atlanta 亚特兰大 New Orleans 新奥尔良 St. Louis 圣路易斯
Orlando 奥兰多 Miami 迈阿密 Tempa坦帕
Huston 休斯顿 Dallas 达拉斯 Salt Lake City 盐湖城
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Little Rock City 小石城 Atlantic City 大西洋城
Las Vegas 拉斯维加斯 Seattle 西雅图 Portland 波特兰
Denver 丹佛 Phoenix 菲尼克斯 (凤凰城)
风景名胜:
The Rocky Mountains落基山The Appalachian Mountains阿巴拉契亚山
Grand Canyon 大峡谷 Yellowstone National Park 黄石国家公园
Niagara Falls 尼亚加拉大瀑布
Manhattan 曼哈顿 Brooklyn 布鲁克林
White House 白宫 The Capitol Hill 国会山
Lincoln Memorial 林肯纪念堂
Camp David 戴维营 Arlington National Cemetery 阿灵顿国家公墓
The Statue of Liberty 自由女神像 Pentagon 五角大楼
Long Island 长岛 Mt. Rushmore 拉什莫尔山
Silicon Valley 硅谷 Hollywood 好莱坞 Beverly Hills比弗利山
Broadway 百老汇 Wall Street 华尔街 Central Park 中央公园
Empire State Building 帝国大厦

Mexico 墨西哥 Cuba 古巴
Haiti 海地 Puerto Rico 波多黎各
Jamaica牙买加 Costa Rica哥斯达黎加
Central America中美洲
Belize 伯利兹
Bahamas 巴哈马
Bermuda 百慕大
Dominica 多米尼加
Honduras 洪都拉斯
Nicaragua 尼加拉瓜
Guatemala 危地马拉
Panama巴拿马
El Salvador 萨尔瓦多
South America南美洲
Argentina 阿根廷 (Buenos Aires 布宜诺斯艾利斯)
Brazil 巴西 (Brasilia 巴西利亚 Rio 里约)
Bolivia 玻利维亚
Chile 智利 (Santiago 圣地亚哥)
Columbia 哥伦比亚
Ecuador 厄瓜多尔
Suriname 苏里南
Guyana 圭亚那
Paraguay 巴拉圭
Uruguay乌拉圭
Peru 秘鲁 (Lima 利马)
Venezuela 委内瑞拉
Africa非洲
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Algeria 阿尔及利亚
Angola 安哥拉
Benin 贝宁
Botswana 博茨瓦纳
Burundi 布隆迪
Cameroon 喀麦隆
Chad 乍得
Congo 刚果
Egypt 埃及 (Cairo 开罗)
Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚
Gabon 加蓬
Gambia 冈比亚
Guinea 几内亚
Ghana 加纳
Ivory Coast 科特迪瓦
Kenya 肯尼亚
Libya 利比亚
Lesotho 莱索托
Madagascar 马达加斯加
Malawi 马拉维
Mali 马里
Morocco 摩洛哥
Niger 尼日尔
Nigeria 尼日利亚
Rwanda 卢旺达
Senegal 塞内加尔
Sierra Leone 塞拉利昂
South Africa 南非 (Johannesburg约翰内斯堡 Cape Town开普敦)
Somalia 索马里
Sudan 苏丹
Tanzania 坦桑尼亚
Togo 多哥
Tunisia 突尼斯
Uganda 乌干达
Zambia 赞比亚
Zimbabwe 津巴布韦



第四章 确定词意,表达得体
任何翻译都要的两个必不可少的步骤:一是正确理解;二是确切表达。“Each
word when used in a new context is a new word.”
一般来 说,确定词义,主要依赖译者对源语的精通;二表达得体,则主要决定
了译者的译入语水平和对待翻译的 精益求精。
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一、确定词义
确定词义很不容易,但又很重要。见下例
School of Air
evening I went to a do held by our China Study Group.
See of Sydney
wanted us to have tea, but we said we’d just had it. Then Miss Standish
wanted us to have tea and cake.
months they spend up there killing themselves in the cane season, ‘nd
then they come down here to live a little.
Universe (or:Miss World)
told me that her 18-year-old son was the baby.
mother is a sister in a Melbourne hospital.
9.协议书
10.家政学

翻译:
1.广播学校
2.昨晚我参加了我们中国研究组的集会。(do:集会,娱乐宴聚活动)
3.悉尼教廷 (see 教廷)
4.他要我们吃晚饭,我们说刚吃过,于是斯坦迪什小姐就要我们喝茶吃点心。
5.甘蔗收获季节七个月,他们在那里累死累活。然后才能到这里稍稍享受享
受。(live 尽情享受 kill 精疲力尽或受苦受累)
6.世界小姐
7.她对我们说她那18岁的儿子是她子女中年纪最小的。(baby 表示兄弟姐
妹中最年小的)
8.她母亲是墨尔本一家医院的护士长。 (sister 在此表示护士长或是资历高
的护士)
ent
Economics
二、表达得体
表达得体就是使译文恰如其分,不仅和原文的意思相符而且和原文的风格相
符。
如何在翻译中做到表达得体,可以归纳为如下几条
1.一定要联系上下文,这是确定词义、表达得体的基础。
2.注意文字表达的分寸与褒贬。
3.活用词典,即不能照抄词典上的译文。
4.充分发挥汉语和英语的优势 ,使译文更地道,做到精益求精。如汉语中四
字成语很多,使用得当,无疑会使译文大放光彩。另外汉语 的同义词很丰富,
选准了就会文语得体。

下列例子可表现汉语优势
is shooting at oil now, but who will be next?
卡特现在正那石油开刀,下一个目标是谁呢?
Roosevelt could have accomplished little.
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罗斯福要是光杆司令,他也不会有所作为。
3. Naturally I, a child of both worlds, am conscious of these.
作为新旧世界的后裔,我当然意识到这些关系。
4. It is possible that they never imagined that any considerable amount of public
opinion would be rallied in their favor.
他们绝没可能想到,竟会有这么多的舆论支持他们。
here, old boy, no one is interested in your bloody appreciation.
老兄,听着,没有人对你那个乱弹琴的意见感兴趣。
三、正确理解与表达译例
一、应用文方面的译例:汉语中同一个字,所处的上下文不同,译法就会各
不同,译法就会各不 相同。
1. ××书
1)申请书 Letter of Application
2)报告书 Report
3)协议书 Agreement
4)成绩通知书 Grade Report
5)旅行委托书 Booking Form
6)成交确认书 Sales Confirmation
7)白皮书 White Book
8)家书 a Letter from Home (or: a letter to home)
2. ××启事
1)招领启事 Found
2)鸣谢启事 Acknowledge
3)征稿启事 Contributions Wanted
4)更正启事 Corrections
3. ××单
1)名单 name list
2)账单 bill
3)订阅单 subscription form
4)收款清单 account note
5)文艺汇演节目单 a program of entertainment
6)传单 leaflet
7)床单 bed sheet
4. ××表
1)病例单 case history form
2)履历单 resume
3)时间表 timetable
4)日程表 schedule
5. ××信
1)推荐信 letter of recommendation
2)证明信 certificate
3)口信 an oral message
以上是汉译英的例子。英译汉也有类似的情况。如:
1. form
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1)form of receipt 收条
2)ticket order form 订票单
3)a telegraph form 电报纸

1)an active list 现役官兵名册
2)an export list 出口商品目录
二、英汉互 译中切忌望文生义,一定要有根据,要合乎习惯用法。特别
是一些日常用语,如公共揭示用语 (public signs )和一些公共场所名称的
英汉互译中更要注意。
ance Free 免票入场
Admittance Except on Business 非公莫入
(or :Fresh ) Paint 油漆未干
rs Declined 谢绝参观
of Bounds 游客止步
d (or: Taken) 有人占用
Up, Detour 马路翻修,车辆绕行
(or: No Thoroughfare) 此路不通
to the Fire 小心烟火
s Forbidden 严禁拍照
ng Prohibited 禁止打猎
Top Side Up 请勿倒置
With Care 小心轻放
-the-Clock Business 昼夜营业
15.问讯台 Information Desk
16.传达室 Gate House
17.衣帽间 Cloak(or:Check) Room
18.太平间 Emergency Door (or:Exit)
19.意见箱 Complaint Box
20.前面施工 Workmen Ahead
21.勿踏草地 Keep Off the Grass
22.中速行驶,安全礼让
Drive at Moderate Speed;
Yield the Right of Way for Safety’s Sake
三、下面在列举一些容易译错的例子。
n dressing 蛋黄酱
Honour 法官大人 (阁下)
sy card 优待卡
4.O level 学科水平合格证
5.a pop test 突然袭击的考试
g Standard 《旗帜晚报》
同步通讯卫星
ed family 直系家庭
ng Matilda 背着铺盖流浪四方
10.“ How We Kept Mother’s Day” was written by an English-born
.--
-
Canadian author.
《我们是怎么过母亲节的》是一位英国出生的加拿大作者写的。
11. The leisure business chiefly refers to tourist industry and the industry
of entertainment.
消遣业( 休闲业)主要是指旅游业和娱乐业
12. He said he’d love a trip on a luxury liner because he was always a good
sailor.
他说她喜欢乘舒适豪华的班船旅行,因为他从不晕船。
13. Some schedules are subject to last minute changes. Please call us if you
can’t come.
有些时间表,直到最后一分钟都会变化。要是你不能来,请给我们
打电话。
knows like.
英雄识英雄。
jolting down, people like to use abbreviation, acronyms and initials.
在快速笔记时,人们喜欢用缩略词、首字母缩略词和首字母。
16.他在伦敦那所广播、电视和函授大学学习时,常常认真做家庭作业,
甚至连自由选作题也做了。
During his study in the Open University in London he often did his
homework conscientiously and even completed the open question.
17.自然科学分类统计资料如下。
The breakdown of the physical sciences is as follows.
18. Going to the Theatre
If you want to be certain of seeing a play in London, you have to book
your seat in advance. You can buy your tickets either at a theatre ticket
agency or at the box-office in the theatre itself. If you go in a large party,
it is not always possible for all you to sit in the same part of the theatre.
Some will have to sit in the stalls, others in the dress circle, and some in
the upper circle. Seats in a box or the front stalls are the most expensive.
While buying your tickets, you’ve got to make clear whether they are for
matinee or evening.
去看戏
如果你想有把握在伦敦看场戏,就得事先订票。买票到剧院售票代
办处或在剧院内的售票处均可。假如是集体看戏,要坐在一起总是不可
能。有的要坐在正厅(前 几排),另外一些人得坐在楼座前几排,有的
坐楼座后几排。包厢和正厅前排座位票价最高。买票的时候 ,你一定要
弄清你要的是日场的还是夜场的。
19. In the airplane
-- A Dialogue Between Stewardess and Passenger
S: May I see your boarding pass?
P:Oh here it is. I hope I got non-smoking section.
S:Yes, you did. It’s Seat 32C on the aisle.
P:Miss, this is my first flight. I wonder if you could show me the ropes.
S:Certainly, I’d be glad to. Everyone has to make their first flight
.--
-
sometime.
P:Thanks, I don’t even know how to fasten my safety belt.
S:The intercom will give you instruction.
P:Thank you.
在飞机
空姐:我可以看看您的登机卡吗?
乘客:你请。我希望我的座位在无烟区。
空:恩,是的。您的座位在32排C座,靠走道。
乘:小姐,这是我第一次坐飞机,你能否告诉我有关规则。
空:没问题,我乐意效劳。谁都有第一次乘飞机的时候。
乘:太谢谢了,我连怎么系安全带都不知道呢。
空:机内通讯联络系统会告诉你的。
乘:谢谢。

练习
一、翻译
1. You have my sympathy. 我同情你。
2. A great elation overcomes them. 他们兴喜若狂。
3. March, 1913 found me working in a small constructional firm. 1913
年三月,我在一家小建筑公司工作。
4. Washington in that time was a place for Movement people to come
for money, not marches. 那时候青年激进分子到华盛顿来是为了
筹款,而不是搞游行示威。
5. A ring road lies on the site of an old town wall which has been
removed. 旧的城墙已经拆掉,原来的墙址上修了一条环城马路。
6. Did you at least total the guy that hit you? 那个打你的家伙, 你最
起码也找他算过账了吧?
7. John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game. 约翰为
人可信,正直诚信。
二、翻译下列短语和句子,注意一语多译或多语同译
1. 1)a broken man 绝望的人
2)a broken soldier 残废兵
3)broken money 零钱
2. 1)it was a good dinner.
2)Our Party secretary proved to be a very good listener.那是一次丰盛
的宴会。
3)The captain of the jet came back, saluted and, in very good English
said to the President, “To Cairo, sir?” 我们的书记显得善于听取他
人意见。
4)He (Dulles) was told, when complaining that he could not follow
Nasser’s moves, that Nasser was a good chess player. 喷气飞机机
长走过来,敬了礼,用非常漂亮的英语文总统:“先生,去开罗
吗?”
5)They are really good Christians, good parents, children, wives or
.--
-
husband. 有一次当他(杜勒斯)抱怨纳赛尔棋步难以捉摸时,有
人对他说,纳赛尔是个高明的棋手。
3. 1)We are neither making an apology nor expressing glee.我们既不向
谁表示歉意,也不洋洋得意。
2)He knows of course their triumphant proclamation by the
Bonapartist generals themselves.他当然知道波拿马的将军们洋洋
自得地宣布的种种暴行。
3)He exults in the important part he plays and the noise he makes in the
world!他对自己所起的重要作用以及在全世界制造喧嚣洋洋得
意。
4)It was obvious that the American was backing down. Eden was beside
himself with fury. And Nasser rode high. 很明显,美国在打退堂
鼓。艾登气得不得了,而纳赛尔则洋洋得意。
三、翻译下列句子,注意词义的褒贬。
1. 1)They incited him tog into further investigation.他们鼓励他在作进一
步的调查。
2)The plotters incited the soldiers to rise against their officers.密谋者
煽动士兵反对他们的军官。
2. 1)This general has the reputation of being courageous.这位将军以勇
敢闻名。
2)He was an honest man, but unfortunately he had a certain reputation.
他是个诚实的人,但不幸有某种坏名声。
3. Many of the old Orleanist stagers had merged into the Bonapartist Lot.
很多奥尔良派的老角色也与波拿马派同流合污了。
4. In our Second Address on the war, five days after the advent of those
men, we told you what they were. 在这伙人上台五天以后,我们
在关于前次战争的 第二篇宣言中已经向你们说明他们究竟是些
什么货色了。
5. But it would be ludicrous today to attempt recounting the merely
preliminary atrocities committed by the bombardiers of Paris and the
fomenters of a slave holders’ rebellion protected by foreign invasion.
但是今天要试图一一列举那些轰击巴黎,在外国侵略者的卵翼下
发起奴隶 主叛乱的人们的暴行(而这些暴行仅仅是开始),那就
太可笑了。
四、下下列句子或段落的翻译中注意选词用字
1. 1)The people the world over hope to enjoy a lasting peace.全世界人民
都希望享受永久和平。
2)Their journey left a lasting imprint on Mexican culture, on the
refinement of its arts and customs. 这一航行在墨西哥的文化中,
在她艺术和风俗的改进中,留下不可磨灭的痕迹。
2. Many prominent journalists besiege his door, seeking audience with him
and President Bush.许多知名记者竞相登门求见,并要求他引见布
什总统。
3. We would like to build a colorblind society where all men can have
.--
-
equal opportunity. 我们愿意建立一个机会均等、不因肤色不同而
产生种族歧视的社会。
4. Alas, an examination of the international situation does not warrant
optimism. 可惜的是,国际形势看来并不使人乐观。
5. Arabs rub shoulders with Jews, and have been doing so from the earlier
settlement of the territor ies.阿拉伯人和以色列人生活在一起,而且
从这些地区最初有人居住的时候就一种如此。
6. He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and


















一、
.--
wisdom.我们又一次领教了他渊博的知识、丰富的经验和无穷的
智慧。
7. But Egypt was recovering her self, drawing lessons both from her own
mistakes and from her enemie s.埃及正在恢复自己的本来面目,她
既从自己的错误中吸取教训,又从自己的敌人那里得到借鉴。
8. Nuclear energy is stored in the nucleus of an atom and can be released
through fission, fusion, or radioactivity. 原子能储存在原子核,可
通过裂变、聚变或放射释放出来。
9. Traffic Regulations and Driving Habits in Some European
Countries
In Austria, a first aid kit is compulsory. During licenses will be
confiscated for an alcohol offence.
In Belgium traffic from the right has the right of way. If you are
involved in an accident you must stay at the scene until the police
allow you to leave.
In France, seat belts are compulsory outside built-up areas.
In Holland, seat belts are compulsory for divers and front seat
passengers unless they are under 1.6 meters tall.
In Italy, penalties are heavy for drunken drivers. Sometimes they can
be put in prison for up to six months. Translation(?) of driver’s
license is essential.
In Germany, parking facing the oncoming traffic is forbidden.
某些欧洲国家的交通规则和驾驶习惯
在奥地利,车上必备急救药箱。司机要是喝了酒,其执照必须
吊销。
在比利时,右边来的车有优先行使权。如果你与事故有关,必
须留在现场,尽警察允许才能离开。
在法国,车出建筑物多的地方之后必须系上安全带。
在荷兰,身高过1.6米者,开车或与司机坐同一排时一定要系
安全带。
在意大利,司机醉酒必受严惩,有时得坐牢半年。翻译(? 吊
销!)执照是必不可少的。
在德国,禁止对着车停车。

第五章 书名和标题的翻译
关于文章的标题



















-
标题一般分为如下几种常见类型:1.词组型标题 2.动宾型标题 3.陈
述句标题 4.问句标题 5.带有破折号(或副标题)的标题
看下例:
1.《马恩早期著作中关于科学技术的思想》 (词组型)
Marx’s and Engel’s Views on Science and Technology as Reflected in
The Earlier Works
2.《试论我国建设社会主义时期反封建残余的斗争》(动宾型)
The Struggle Against Vestiges of Feudalism in Socialist China
3.《尊重客观经济规律 促进国民经济持续 的高速度发展——谈谈我
国国民经济发展中的“两期两落”》(带有破折号或副标题类型)
On the “Two Ups and Two Downs” in the Development of Our
National Economy
4.《章太炎是什么派》 (问句标题)
The Political Stand of Zhang Taiyan
5.《农业现代化是扩大就业的物质基础》 (陈述句标题)
Modernization of Agriculture as the Material Basis for Enlarged
Employment
通过以上例子,可以总结出如下方法
1.适当使用翻译技巧
2.抓住主要内容
3.以具体代替空泛:汉语文章标题常用比较空泛而抽象 的评介性题
目,再用副标题提出实质性的内容,有时还采用汉语特有的对仗形
式。这类标题的英 译如过分拘泥于原文,题目不免冗长,且不能突
出重点。因此翻译时要抓住具体的实质性内容。
4.在忠实于原文的前提下使译文合乎语言习惯:如英语特点之一就是
可 用短语代替汉语陈述句,可以避免平铺直叙而又显得地道简
洁。
要说明的一点是,标题与书名并无严格界限,实质上是一回事。
二、关于书名的翻译
一、早年的译作,大多采取“意译”的方法,一种随便的“意译”方
法,即根本不管原著的书名而为了某 种社会需要或客观效果由译
者另起炉灶。林纾就是此代表。如他把Uncle Tom’s Cabin 译成
《黑奴呼天录》
二、过去有很多译名,尽管有的不那么理想,但已 沿用很久,影响深
远为广大群众所熟悉,就只好遵从“约定俗成”的原则,继续使
用它们如《圣 经》各书的译名:
s 《创世纪》
《民数记》
《士师记》
《列王记》
cles 《历代志》
《诗篇》
bs 《箴言》
《犹大书》
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《使徒行传》
《约拿书》
《罗马书》
. Mark 《马可福音》
of Solomon 《雅歌》
三、书名译名讲求简短易记,文字优美,吸引读者,多采用汉语四字
成语或四字格。如:
1. All’s Well That Ends Well 《终成眷属》
2. As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》
3. Waterloo Bridge 《魂断蓝桥》
4. Carve Her Name with Pride 《女英烈传》
5. Oliver Twist 《雾都孤儿》
6. Love’s Labour’s Lost 《空爱一场》
7. Measure for Measure 《恶有恶报》
8. Much Ado About Nothing 《无事生非》
9. The Pilgrim’s Progress 《天路历程》
10. She Stoops to Conquer 《委曲求全》
11. Dombey and Son 《董贝父子》
12. Professor Unrat 《垃圾教授》
13. Bleak House 《荒凉山庄》
14. The heartbreak House 《伤心之家》
15. The War of the Worlds 《星际战争》
16. Red Star Over China 《西行漫记》
17. Gone with the Wind 《乱世佳人》
18. History of New York to the End of the Dutch Dynasty, by Diedrich
Knickerbocker 《纽约外史》
19. Sister Carrie 《嘉丽妹妹》
Whom the Bell Tolls 《战地钟声》
Mice and Men 《人鼠皆然》
四、一名多译,多数各有千秋:同一书名在新旧多种译名的 情况不少,
要注意学习,具有这方面的知识,并能分辨其优劣,决定取舍。
切记不要自己乱译。 如:
1. 《水浒传》
a. Water Margin
b. All Men Are Brothers
c. Heroes of the Marsh
d. Outlaws of the Marsh
2. 《红楼梦》
a. The Story of the Stone
b. Dream of the Red Chamber
c. A Dream of Red Mansions
3. Tales from Shakespeare
a. 《吟边燕语》
b. 《莎士比亚戏剧故事集》
.--
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4. David Copperfield
a. 《块肉余生述》
b. 《大卫·科波菲尔》
c. 《大卫·考坡菲》
5. Wuthering Heights
a. 《魂归离恨天》
b. 《呼啸山庄》
c. 《咆哮山庄》
6. A Farewell to Arms
a. 《战地春梦》
b. 《永别了,战争》
c. 《永别了,武器》
d. 《永别了,凯瑟琳的怀抱》
7. For Whom the Bells Tolls
a. 《战地钟声》
b. 《钟为谁鸣》
c. 《丧钟为谁而鸣》
8. Gone with the Wind
a. 《飘》
b. 《随风逝去》
c. 《随风而去》
d. 《乱世佳人》
9. The Call of the Wild
a. 《荒野的呼唤》
b. 《野性的呼喊》
c. 《野性的呼声》
10. The Voyage of Damned
a. 《苦海余生》
b. 《该死的航程》
11. Spell-bound
a. 《意乱情迷》
b. 《勾魂摄魄》
c. 《爱德华大夫》
五、首先要弄清书名的典故,然后再决定译名:有些作家,如 Ernest
Hemingway 和 J. E. Steinbeck 等,喜欢引用典故作书名。
六、关于书名的 翻译方法,还有别的方法,如音译、音译和意译相结
合,等等。但不管用什么方法,有两条必须牢记:一 是真正看懂
全书之后再决定译名;二是译出的书名必须符合通用的翻译标
准:“忠实,通顺”, 并且要有美感。

上面六条,基本上是关于文学书名的翻译。至于非文 学性书名的翻译,
与上述几点相比,有共同处也有不同处。这不同之处主要是:非
文学性书名以 直译为主,意译为辅。
如:
.--
-
一、以直译为主:
ication Across Culture: Translation Theory and
Contrastive Text Linguistics
《跨文化交际——翻译理论与对比篇章语言学》
Science of Translation: Problems and Methods
《翻译学——问题与方法》
3.A Textbook of Translation
《翻译教程》
rse adn the Translator
《语篇与译者》
ge and Culture: Contexts in Translating
《语言与文化——翻译中的语境》
二、意译者与部分意译者
ucting Cultures: Essay on Literary Translation
《文化构建——文学翻译论集》
ating as a Purposeful Activity: Functionist Approaches
Expained
《目的性行为——解析功能翻译理论》
Pragmatics of Translation
《语用学与翻译》
ation Studies: An Integrated Approach
《翻译研究——综合法》
a Science of Translating
《翻译科学探索》



部分经典书名翻译
Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》
Sense and Sensibility 《理智与情感》
Persuasion 《劝导》
Mansfield Park 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》
Paradise Lost《失乐园》
Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》
The Great Gatsby 《了不起的盖茨比》
A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》
Great Expectation 《远大前程》
Jane Eyre 《简·爱》
The Old Man and the Sea《老人与海》
For Whom the Bell Tolls《丧钟为谁而鸣》
The Scarlet Letter 《红字》
The Sound and the Fury 《喧哗与骚动》
Catch-22 《第二十二条军规》
The Catcher in the Rye 《麦田里的守望者》
.--
-
Rebecca 《蝴蝶梦》
Moby Dick《白鲸》
Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》
Vanity Fair《名利场》
莎士比亚作品
All’s Well That Ends Well 《终成眷属》
As You Like it 《皆大欢喜》
Much Ado about Nothing 《无事生非》
Measure For Measure《恶有恶报》
Love’s Labour’s Lost 《空爱一场》
The Taming of the Shrew 《驯悍记》
King Lear 《李尔王》 Macbeth 《麦克白》Othello《奥赛罗》
Hamlet《哈姆雷特》
Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》A Midsummer Night’s Dream
《仲夏夜之梦》
Merchants of Venice《威尼斯商人》The Tempest 《暴风雨》Twelfth
Night《第十二夜》

附录:商标的翻译

常见商标品牌翻译
Procter&Gamble (P&G)宝洁
Heads&Shoulders 海飞丝 Rejoice飘柔 Safeguard 舒肤佳 Tide 汰渍
电子产品
HP 惠普 Dell 戴尔Xerox 施乐Siemens西门子 Motorola摩托罗拉
石油公司
Royal Dutch Shell 荷兰皇家壳牌石油公司 Exxon Mobil 埃克森美孚
ConocoPhillips 康菲石油公司 BP (British Petroleum) 英国石油公司
Total 道达尔
金融
FannieMae 房利美
FreddieMac 房地美
HSBC 汇丰 Citi Bank花旗银行 Standard Chartered 渣打银行
Merrill Lynch 美林证券
AIG 美国国际集团 (American International Group)
Goldman Sachs 高盛 Morgan Stanley 摩根斯坦利
日本品牌
Toyota 丰田 Hitachi 日立 Canon 佳能
Honda 本田 Toshiba 东芝 Mitsubishi 三菱
Suzuki 铃木 Panasonic 松下 Sony 索尼
其他
Pfizer 辉瑞 Nestle 雀巢
Cisco 思科 Oracle 甲骨文
FedEx 联邦快递 Johnson&Johnson 强生 Unilever 联合利华
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Dow Chemical 陶氏化学 Michelin 米其林 Boeing 波音
GE (General Electric)通用电气
汽车
BMW 宝马 Mercedes-Benz 梅赛德斯·奔驰 Volkswagen 大众Hummer 悍马
Land Rover 路虎 Peugeot 标致 Volvo 沃尔沃
Porsche 保时捷 Jaguar捷豹
Ikea 宜家 Pizza Hut 必胜客 Starbucks 星巴克
Mirinda美年达 Sprite雪碧 Pepsi Cola 百事可乐 Coca Cola 可口可乐
7-Up 七喜 Fanta 芬达
超市
Wal-Mart 沃尔玛 Carrefour 家乐福 Metro 麦德龙 Tesco Costco 好市多
Best Buy 百思买
中国品牌
联想 Lenovo 华为 Huawei 中兴 ZTE(Zhongxing Telecom Equipment)海尔
Haier
格力 Gree 方正 Founder 宏基Acer

第六章 Idioms与熟语的翻译
一、 什么是idiom 和熟语?它们包括什么?指一些什么语言内容?在综合了众
多的英、 汉词典和大量参考书和材料后,可以作出这样的回答:
Idioms in broad sense may include: phrases,bs
ms expression uialisms ions 8 two-part allegorical
sayings.
根据这一定义,它相当于,或可译为汉语的“熟语”。而汉语的广义的“熟
语”一般可包括:1.短语 2.成语(多由四字组成) 3.俗语 4.谚语 5.格言 6.
箴言 7.名言(引语或语录) 8.警句 9.隽语 10.俚语 11.粗话 12.行话 13.歇后
语 14.习语,等等。
由于Idioms 和熟语翻译的困难,中外古今学者对其翻译方法尚无定论,仅
从 他们自己的研究角度提供了一些有用的翻译方法。
一、《英汉翻译教程》提出三种主要方法:(一)直译法 (二)意译法 (三)
同义语套用法
(一)直译法:1 cold war 冷战 to the teeth 3. a gentleman’s
agreement 君子协定
(二)意译法:1 to be cat’s paws 上当 2 like a fish out of water 很不自
在 3. to be born with a sliver spoon in one’s mouth 生在富贵之家
(三)同义词语套用法: 1 笑掉大牙 to laugh off one’s head 2猫哭
老鼠 to shed crocodile tears 3 to be out at elbows 捉襟见肘
二、但是,同义熟语的套用是有条件的,不能在任何情况下都使用。《也谈
英文成语的翻译》一文中说: “一组对应的中文和英文成语即使意思相近或形
式相似,二者的确切涵义和感情色彩也多有细微的甚至很 大的差别,故而不可
随便借用···”
由于文化背景和民族心理素质的不 同,两种语言的一组对应成语即使
词义相近,因潜在的背景因素引起的心理联想也不会相同,故而要特别 注意避
免使用包含本民族具体人名、地名和历史神话典故的成语来套译英文成语。如:
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林琴南当年译穿着西服的洋绅士“拂袖而去”,商务印书馆出版的《英华大辞
典》也不把 Speak of angels and you will hear their wings 译作“说曹操,曹操到”
三、深爱中华民族及其灿烂文化的广大海外侨胞中也不乏其人。也 有人不
太赞成直译而较倾向把英语习语尽量译成汉语成语或熟语。
四、综上所述,翻译idioms 和熟语的比较实用的方法可以归纳为如下五条:
1.直译加解释法:采取直译加解释的方法来翻译,不仅能使读者见到其
原有的形象和风格,还可以帮助 读者进一步理解它们的潜在意义。尽
管译文有点啰嗦,却能显出被译熟语的本色。在编写词典时常用此译
法。如:
1.(There is) no rose without a thorn.
没有不带刺的玫瑰。(世上没有十全十美的幸福;有乐必有苦)
old dog will learn no new tricks (you cannot teach old dogs new
tricks)
老狗学不出新把戏。(老顽固不能学新事物)
2.直译联想法:由于使用汉语和英语 的两种民族文化的差异,各自的某
些熟语含义或比喻意义基本相同,但表达方法差异很大。对这样的熟语要使用直译联想法,如:
workmen often blame thier tools.
拙匠常怪工具差 (联想:不会撑船怪河弯)
who laughs at crooked men should need walk very straight.
笑被人驼背的人的自己先把身子挺直 (联想:己不正不正人)
’s a long lane that has no turning.
路定有弯,世上没有直路(联想:事毕有变)
3.意译改造法:英、汉语有些熟语意译大致相 等,二者的差别仅在于形
象和风格,翻译时,只要略加改造,即可达意。如:
smoke without fire.
无火不起烟(来自:无风不起浪)
4.对联增字法:汉语中以对联形式构成的谚语较为常见。上联说形象,
下联说意义。如:路遥知马力, 等等。某些英语熟语用对联对字的
手段处理,将会收到较好的效果。如:
new comes apace.
好事不出门,坏事传千里。
who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl.
近朱者赤,近墨者黑。
5.等值互 借法:有些英语和某些汉语的熟语无论在意义、形象或风格上
都比较相近或相似,翻译时可采取等值互借 方法。如:
the blind the one-eyed man is king.
山中无老虎,猴子称大王。
minds think alike.
英雄所见略同。
在使用此法时,有一点要牢记:民族色彩、文化因素太重的熟语要尽
量避免相互套用。
Idioms 来源
英语中的idioms很多。其中保存idioms 最多的文献当推对现今西方
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文化影响较大的著作。这些著作主要是: 1)The Bible, 2)Writings by
W. Shakespeare, 3) The Fables of Aesop。 如:
I.Idioms from the Bible:
1. The days of our years are three-score years and ten.
我们一生的岁月是七十岁。(“人生七十古来稀”)
apple of the eye 眼珠 (掌上明珠)
one’s light under a bushel (联想:不露锋芒)
wine in old bottles 旧瓶装新酒
5.a dead dog 废物或无价值之物
for eye, tooth for tooth 以眼还眼,以牙还牙
n the devil and the deep sea 进退两难;进退维谷
by the skin of one’s teeth 死里逃生;幸免于难
and corner 偷偷摸摸;鬼鬼祟祟
10. a broken reed 压伤的苇杖(不能依靠的东西或人)
ain an angel unawares 与不觉察中招待了天使 (联想:有眼不
识泰山)
cry and little wool 叫得多,干得几乎没效果 (联想:雷声大
雨点小)
13.a lion in the way 当路虎
ne for himself and the devil take the hindmost.
人人为自己,魔鬼抓到最后的。 (联想:人不为己天诛地灭)
against the pricks 以卵击石;螳臂当车
16.a fly in the ointment 一颗老鼠屎坏了一锅粥
respect of persons 一视同仁
one’s hands of a thing 洗手不干 (喻:与某事无关)
pearls before (swine) 明珠投暗;对牛弹琴 (把珍珠抛给猪)
spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.
心有余而力不足。
te the sheep from the goats.
把好人和坏人分开。(分辨良莠)
the multitude of counselors there is safety.
谋士多,人便安居 (聪明保险的办法是向大量的谋士求计)
the rivers run into the sea; yet the sea is not full.
“百川归海而海不盈”
we brought nothing into this world, and it is certain we can carry
nothing out.
因为我们没带什么到世界上来,也不能带什么去。(《红楼梦》 “赤
条条,来去无牵挂”)
II. Idioms from W. Shakespeare:
1. bay (or: bark at ) the moon 对月亮吠叫 (干徒劳无用的事)
2. what’s done is done. 事情干了就算了(联想:既往不咎)
will out (Truth will come to light) 纸包不住火 (联想:真想
终将大白)
e bedfellows 同床异梦
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hoist with one’s own petard 用炸药来炸醒自己 (联想:做法自毙)
gild (the) refined gold,
To paint the lily,
To throw a perfume on the violet,
To smooth the ice, or
Add another hue unto the rainbow, or
With taper-light to seek the beauteous eye of heaven to garnish,
Is wasteful and ridiculous excess.
这句话引至“The Life and Death of King John”, 分成了七行:头六行的
每一行的意思都和其他五行的意思几乎相同,都可以用最后一行来
表达其真正含义。
莎翁之后,人们常引用 to paint the lily 来表达“实在是浪费而可笑
的多事”。使人联想到“画蛇添足”这一成语
ado about nothing 无事生非
is blind. 爱情是盲目的。(联想:情人眼里出西施)
III.Idioms from The Fables of Aesop
swallow does not make a summer. 一燕不成夏
2. a dog in the manger 占着茅坑不拉屎 (在其位不谋其政)
h a snake in one’s bosom 养虎为患
the goose that lays the golden eggs 杀鸡取卵
5.a wolf in sheep’s clothing 笑面虎
hot and cold 朝三暮四
wolf 发假警报

第三节 谚语和成语
谚语的特点中还有用义与反义或似非而是的特点:
反义谚语 如:1. Absence makes the heart grow fonder. (新婚不如就别) 对比
Out of sight, out of mind (离旧情疏) many cooks spoil the broth
(厨子多了煮坏汤) 对比 More hands make light work (人多了好
办事)
同义谚语: a man is going downhill,everyone will give him a push.
Kick somebody when he is down. Hit a man when he is down. 墙倒众
人推。 落井下石
2.A burnt child dreads the fire. Once bitten, twice shy. 被火烫过
的孩子害怕火。 一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳。
了解谚语的一些特点后,可以归纳出几点翻译的方法。
一、认真弄清其确切含义之后再动手翻译。
longest day must have an end.
再难熬的日子也有头(苦难终有尽头)。 不是:宴席必散。
somebody’s leg 愚弄人;开某人的玩笑。不是:拉后腿。
heaven and earth 竭尽全力;不遗余力。不是:翻天覆地
’s play 简单容易 不是:儿戏
one’s words 承认说错了话 不是:食言(不履行诺言)
eat dog 你死我活。 不是:狗咬狗
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a sprat to catch a whale 吃小亏占大便宜。不是:抛砖引玉
s cannot be choosers 只好给什么就要什么。不是:饥不择食
二、谚语的翻译要注意民族性。翻译时不应夹杂着译文语言的强烈的民族
色彩,如:
somebody an inch and he will take an ell.
得寸进尺。不译:得陇望蜀
one’s grandmother to suck eggs
教老奶奶吸鸡蛋 (在内行人面前充内行) 不译:班门弄斧
hot and cold 朝三暮四 不译:朝秦暮楚
三、谚语的翻译要大众化和口语化。当然不是所有的谚语都要译得明白如
话。有些较 古老的谚语,或来自《圣经》和其他名著的谚语,不妨译得典雅一点。
如:
higher up, the greater the fall.
爬得越高,跌得越惨。
and tide wait for no man.
时光不等人;时不我待。
3.A contented mind is a perpetual feast.
知足常乐。
sy costs nothing.
礼多人不怪。
’ quarrels are soon mended.
夫妻没有隔夜仇。
one’s chickens before they are hatched.
小鸡未孵出,急着数鸡数。 (过早乐观)
kills a cat. (Work will not kill a man but worry will)
忧能伤身
vessels make the most noise.
瓶子越空,响声越大;无知的人爱自吹。
’s a poor mouse that has only one hole.
老鼠之一洞,真是可怜虫。(只有一个洞的老鼠首先被捉)
10. You can’t make crab walk straight. ( The leopard can’t change its
spots)
有豹必有斑,是蟹必横行。
11. A good conscience is a soft pillow.
为人不做亏心事,半夜叫门心不惊。
12. Hard words break no bones.
恶话或难听的话伤不到人;良药苦口利于病,忠言逆耳利于行
the sleeping dog lie.
莫惹睡狗 (不要自找麻烦)
of a feather flock together.
物以类聚,人以群分
you lose on the swings you get back in the roundabouts.
失在秋千得在木马;失之东隅,收之桑榆。
16.A new broom sweeps clean.
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新扫把扫的干净;新官上任三把火。
’s many a slip between cup and the lip.
从端在杯里到喝进嘴里,节外生枝的是任然不少;凡事都难一帆
风顺。
18. One can’t make a silk purse out of a sow’ s ear.
猪耳做不出丝钱包;坏材料造不出好东西。
s-on see more than players.
当事者迷,旁观者清。
can’t make an omelette without breaking eggs.
不先打破蛋,蛋饼做不成;有失才有得;不付代价达不到目的。


第四节 歇后语(含双关语)
汉语由于自身独特的特点,可以构成许多歇后语与双关语,这是英语所望尘
莫及的。
我国译界早有人对此进行了研究,提出了有关歇后语英译的种种方法,归纳
起来,主要有如下五条:
一、解释法 虽说翻译也是一种解释,但毕竟与我们所说的解释不同:解释
比翻译的含 义广,更自由,修饰较多,不那么讲究对应。譬如对“和尚打伞——
无法无天”这一歇后语与双关语的翻 译只有通过解释法才能完成:
“... It is a double pun. A monk has a shaven head, hence no hair. A monk
under an umbrella is cut off from the sky, hence no heaven. But fa also means “law”,
and tian also means “heaven” in the sense of supreme ruling power. Thus a monk
under an umbrella is a man without law or limit -- a rebel like Monkey (who
accompanied the monk Tripitaka on his legendary journey to India), unbound by
established rules, institutions or conventions, whether earthly or divine.
二、借助上下文直译法 这种译法主要是将一种语言的双关语译成另一种语言
的双关语,有作适当转换和 不作转换两种译法,这两种译法都的借助上下文,才
能基本做到译文和原文”形似“与“神似”的统一。 例如:萧伯纳剧作 Augustus
Does His Bit
The Clerk (entering): Are you engaged?
Augustus: What business is that of yours? However, if you will take the
trouble to read the society papers for this week, you will see that I am engaged to the
Honourable Lucy Popham, youngest daughter of --
The Clerk: That isn’t what I mean. Can you see a female?
Augustus: Of course I can see a female as easily as a male. Do you suppose
I’m blind?
The Clerk: You don’t seem to follow me somehow. There’s a female
downstairs: what you might call a lady. She wants to know can you see her if I let her
up.
Augustus: Oh, you mean am I disengaged. Tell the lady I’m busy.
职:你有事吗?
奥:与你有什么关系?不过,如果你不嫌麻烦,读一读本周的《社会报》,
你会知道我和尊敬的露西·波 帕姆订了婚。她是···最小的女儿。
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职:我不是说订婚的事。你能接见一个女人吗?
奥:当然可以,我看见一个女人就像看见男人那样容易。你以为我是瞎子
吗?
职 :你怎么搞的,还没懂我的意思。楼下有一个女人,你可以叫她女士吧。
她想知道,如果我让她上楼来, 你能否接见她。
奥:啊,你的意思是,我现在是不是有空。告诉那个女士,我很忙。

此例的原文利用英语的“一词多义”现象构成双关语。职员说的”see” 和”to
be engaged” 是“接见”和“忙于某事”之意;奥古斯都斯理解为“看见”和“订
婚”的意思。
三、加括号法 在上下文无法说明双关词义是,可采取加括号法:一词多义
译出之后 ,接着译出另一个放在括号里,读者一看就会明白。如:
Judge:” What made you think that you could park your car there?”
Tourist:” Well, there was a big sign that read:’ Fine for Parking’.”
法官:“你怎么想到了把车停在那里?”
游客:“喔,那里有写着‘停车的好去处(此处停车罚款)’。”
四、译明义法 在不少情 况下,译者无法兼顾原文内容和形式,只好舍形式
而取内容,把明显的意思译出来,这就是明义法。例如 :
空对着 山中高士晶莹雪
终不忘 世外仙姝寂寞林
这是贾宝玉神游太虚境时警幻仙子给他看的隐词,宝玉当事尚未领会,
译者当然 不宜要越俎代庖,将其隐含之义明告读者。所以其只按明义译出:
Vainly facing the hermit in sparking snow-clad hills
I forget not the fairy in the lone woods beyond the world
五、译暗义法 如果双关语中暗义是主要的,那就译暗义而不译明义、汉语
中的歇后语多属此类。如:
侯扒皮气得眼珠子瞪圆,他左手朝大腿一拍:“警告爷们,爷们是老虎推
磨——不听那一套,对老百姓是 外甥打灯笼——照舅(旧)!”
Skinflint glared round- eyed with anger. He slapped his thigh with his left
hand, “Giving us an ultimatum, we’ll never listen to any of that stuff! Our treatment
of civilians will not change one bit......
当然,关于汉语歇后语和英、汉双关语的翻译,除了前述的五种方法之外,
还可能有 别的方法。现从各种译著中摘取若干条,供阅读、欣赏:
1. 你们别笑,老鼠拉木锹——大事还在后头呢!
Don’t laugh; the best is yet to come!
2. 生活的海里起过小小的波浪,如今似 乎有平静下去,一切平常一样,
一切似乎都是外甥打灯笼,照舅(旧)。
The even tenor of their life had been disturbed, but things seemed to be
settling down again. The villagers felt themselves back in the old rut.
3. ”看你,隔着门缝瞧人,把人看扁了。“
“Humph! If you peer at a person through a crack, he looks fat! Don’t be so
prejudiced.”
4. ”鸠山先生,你这个诀窍对我来说,真好比擀面杖吹火——一窍不通。”
“Mr. Hatoyama, for me your secret is like trying to blow up a fire through
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a rolling pin. It just doesn’t work.”
5. 那胡正卿心头“十五个吊桶打水,七上八下”。
Hu Cheng-ching was very much upset by this and his heart was beating like
fifteen buckets being hurriedly lowered into a well for water -- eight going down
while seven were cooming up.
6.这件事······谁也不知道。他也不对任何人提起。哑巴吃黄连——有
苦说不出。
No one knew of these transactions ... Nor was he going to mention the matter
to anyone else. He was like the dumb man eating the bitter herb: he had to suffer the
bitterness of it in silence.
7.去埋伏我们都没有信心,想他一定在昨天晚上就开溜了,今天去也是瞎
子点灯白费蜡。
We had no confidence in today’s ambush because we were sure he had
escaped last night. It seemed as useless as a blind man lighting a candle.
8.后脑勺上长疮,自己看不见以为别人也看不见那才笑话。
If we have a boil on the back of our head we can’t see it ourselves, but it’s
ridiculous to imagine other people can’t see it.
9.你可倒好!肉包子打狗——一去不回啊!
Well you certainly are a guy! A dog given a bone who doesn’t come back for
more!
10.把田村家得罪下了,咱也没上利。阉猪割耳朵——两头受罪。
We wronged the people of Tian Village all for nothing except to be robbed by
the landlords! Losers in more ways than one as we certainly are, we’re just like gelded
pigs which have their ears cut off as well.

第五节 《红楼梦》熟语英译实例
1.至午后,金桂故意出去,让个空儿与他二人,薛蟠便拉拉扯扯起来, 宝蟾心
里也知八九了,也就半推半就。
After lunch, Chin- kuei deliberately went to clear the coast for them both, and
Hsueh Pan started making advance to Pao-chan. Well aware of what he wanted, she
only made a show of resisting.
2.今日林妹妹这五首诗,亦可谓命意新奇,别开生面了。
And these five Cousin Lin has written today can also be considered as fresh and
original, a quite new approach to the subject.
3.俗话说:病来如山倒,病去如抽丝。
Haven’t you heard the saying :” Illness comes as fast as a wall falling down, but
goes as slowly as unraveling a cocoon?”
4.姐姐博古通今, 色色都知道,怎么连这一出戏的名儿也不知道,就说了这一
套。这叫做”负荆请罪”。
Why, cousin, surely you are sufficiently well versed in ancient and modern
literature to know the title of that opera. Why do you have to describe it? It’s called
“Abject Apologies”.
5.虽才干优长,未免贪酷,且恃才悔上,那同寅皆侧目而视。
But although his intelligence and ability were outstanding, these qualities were
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unfortunately offset by certain cupidity and harshness and a tendency to use his
intelligence in order to outwit his superiors; all of which caused his fellow officials to
cast envious glances in his direction.
6.说着,就自己举手,左右开弓,自己打了一顿嘴巴子。
He raised his hands and slapped himself on both cheeks.
7.我们没事评论起来,你们这几个,都是百里挑不出一个来的。妙在各人有各
人的长处。
When we have nothing to do but gossip, we always agree that each single one of
you girls is one in a hundred. And the wonderful thing is that each one of you has her
own good qualities.
8.自古嫦娥爱少年。
From of old, young nymphs have preferred youth to age.
9.子系中山狼,得志便猖狂。
Paired with a brute like the wolf in the old fable,
Who in his savior turned when he was able.
10.紫鹃飞红了脸,笑道:“姨太太真个倚老卖老的!“
Tzu- chuan flushed and flashed back, “You’re presuming on your age, madam!”
11.怎么能雅俗共赏的好。
Let’s find something that highbrows and lowbrows alike can enjoy.
12.也没见我们这位呆爷,”听见风儿就是雨”,往后怎么好?
I’ve never seen such a simpleton as our young master, the way he catches at
shadows. What’s to become of him?”
13.可知俗话说:“天下无难事,只怕有心人。”
As the proverb says, “All difficulties on earth can be overcome if men but give
their minds to it.”
14.天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福。
Storms gather without warning in nature, and bad luck befalls men overnight.
15.俗话说:“随乡入乡”,到了你这里,自然把这金珠玉宝一概贬为俗器了。
But “other countries, other ways”, you know. When I enter your domain, I
naturally adopt your standards and look on gold, jewels and jade as common, vulgar
things.
16.一时欢乐,万不可忘了那“筵席必散”的俗语。
Whatever happens doesn’t forget the proverb, “Even the grandest feast must
have an end.”
17.俗话说:“凭着一身剐,敢把皇帝拉下马”,他穷疯了的人,什么事做不出来?
As the proverb says,” One who will risk being sliced to pieces dare unsaddle the
Emperor.” A man so desperately poor will go to any lengths.
18.姑娘们天天山珍海味的,也吃腻了,吃个野菜儿,也算我们的穷心。
You young ladies must be tired of the delicacies you eat every day, and you may
care to try our country fare. This is just our poor way of showing our gratitude.
19.你倒也“三从四德”的,只是这贤惠也太过了。
Quite a model of wifely submission and virtue, aren’t you? Only you carry this
obedience too far.
20.正式俗话说的好,“清官难断家务事”。此时正式“公婆难断床帏事了”。
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Just as “Not even good officials can settle family troubles”, so “Not even
parents can settle disputes between son and wife.”
21.宝玉笑道:“我就是个‘多愁多病的身’,你就是那‘倾城倾国的貌’ 。”黛玉
听了,不觉带腮连耳的通红了。
“I’m the one ‘sick with longing’,” he joked.” And yours is the beauty which
caused ‘cities and kingdoms to fall’.” Tai-yu flushed to the tips of her ears.
22.袭人道:“人家牵肠挂肚的等着,你且高兴去!也到底打发个人来个信儿!”
“Well really!” said Aroma.” Here were we practically beside ourselves with
anxiety, and all the time you were there enjoying yourself! You might at least have
sent word to let us know you were all right.”
23.自古到:“千里姻缘一线牵。”管姻缘的有一个 月下老儿,预先注定,暗里只
用一根红线,把这两个人的脚绊住。
There is an old saying:” People a thousand li apart may be linked by marriage.”
It’s all the doing of the Old Man of the Moon. If he’s secretly fastened his red thread
around the ankles of two young people...
24.宝玉道:“古人云,‘千金难买一笑’,几把扇子,能值几何?”
“You know the ancient saying,” put in Paoyu, “A thousand pieces of gold can
hardly purchase a smile of a beautiful woman, and what are a few fans worth?”
25.你又不大在家,知道你天天萍踪浪迹,没个一定的去处。
You are so seldom at home, floating about as free as duckweed every day, one
never knows where to find you.


第六节《四书》语录及其英译
《四书》是我国经典著作《论语》(Confucian Analects)、《孟子》(The Works
of Mencius)、《中庸》(The Doctrine of the Mean)和《大学》(The Great Learning)
四本书的合称。在早期众多英译本中,最优秀译本当推英国学者理雅各(James
Legge)所译的《华英四书》(The Four Books with English Translation and Notes)
下面的几条语录是根据“批判地吸收”等原则精选的。
1.子曰:“学而时习之,不亦说乎。有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎。人不知而不愠,
不亦君子乎。”
The Master said,” Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and
application? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Is he not
a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of
him?”
2.曾子曰:“为人谋,而不忠乎?与朋友交,而不信乎?传而不习乎?”
The philosopher Tsang said,” I daily examine myself of three points: -- whether,
in transacting business for others, I may have been not faithful; -- whether, in
intercourse with friends, I may have been not sincere;-- whether, I may have not
mastered and practiced the instructions of my teacher.”
3.子曰:“不患人之不己知,患不知人也。”
The master said,” I will not be afflicted at men’s not knowing me, I will be
afflicted that I do not know them.”
4.子曰:“诗三百,一言以蔽之,曰:思无邪。”
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The master said,” In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces, but the design
of them will all may be embraced in one sentence... ‘Having no depraved thoughts.’”
5.子曰:“吾十有五而志于学,三十而立,四十 而不惑,五十而知天命,六十
而耳顺,七十而从心所欲,不逾矩。”
The Master said, “At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning. At thirty, I stood
firm. At forty, I had no doubts. At fifty, I know the decrees of Heaven. At sixty, my ear
was an obedient organ for the reception of truth. At seventy, I could follow what my
heart desired, without transgressing what was right.
6.子曰:“温故而知新,可以为师矣。”
The Master said, “If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as
continually to be acquiring the new, he may be a teacher of others.”
7.子曰:“学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。攻 乎异端,斯害也己。由,悔女知
之乎?知之为知之不知为不知,是知也。”
The Master said, “Learning without thoughts is labor lost; thought without
learning is perilous. The study of strange doctrines is injurious indeed! Yu, shall I
teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and
when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it; -- This is knowledge.
8.哀公问曰:“何为则民服?”孔子对曰:“举直错诸枉,则民服;举枉错诸
直,则民不服。”
The Duke Ai asked, saying, “What should be done in order to secure the
submission of the people?” Confucius replied, “Advance the upright and set aside the
crooked, then the people will submit. Advance the crooked and set aside the upright,
then the people will not submit.”
9.子闻之曰:“成事不说,遂事不谏,既往不咎。”
When the Master heard it, he said, “Things that are done, it is needless to speak
about; things that have had their course, it is needless to remonstrate about; things that
are passed, it is needless to blame.”
10.子曰:“富与贵,是人之所欲也,不以其道得之,不处之。”
The Master said, “Riches and honors are what men desire. If it cannot be
obtained in the proper way, they should no be held.”
11.子曰:“见贤思齐之,见不贤而内自省也。”
The Master said, “When we meet men of worth, we should think of equaling
them, when we see men of contract character, we shall turn inward and examine
ourselves.”
12.子曰:“敏而好学,是以谓之文也。”
The Master said, “He was of an active nature and fond of learning, and he was
nor shame to ask and learn of his inferiors! -- on these grounds he was been styled
Wan.”
13.季文字三思而后行之。
Chi Wan thought thrice, and then acted.
14.子曰:“默而识之,学而不厌,诲人不倦。”
The Master said, “The silent treasuring up of knowledge; Learning without
satiety; and instructing others without wearing.”
15.子曰:“······不义而富且贵,于我如浮云。”
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The Master said, “... Riches and honors that are acquired by unrighteousness are
to me as a floating cloud.”
16.子曰:“我非生而知之者。”
The Master said, “I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge.”
17.子曰:“三人行,必有我师焉。择其善者而从之,其不善者而改之。”
The Master said, “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as
my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and
avoided them.”
18.子曰:“君子坦荡荡,小人长戚戚。”
The Master said: “The superior man is satisfied and composed; the mean man is
always full of distress.”
19.子曰:“不在其位,不谋其政。”
The Master said, “He who is not in any particular office have nothing to do with
the administration of its duties.”
20.子在川上曰:“逝者如斯夫,不舍昼夜。”
The Master standing by a stream and said, “It passes on just like this,not
ceasing day or night!”
21.子曰:“三军可夺帅也,匹夫不可夺志也。”
The Master said, “The commander of the force of a large state may be carried
off, but the will of even a common man can not be taken from him.”
22.子曰:“岁寒,然后知松柏之后彫也。”
The Master said, “When the year becomes cold, then we know how the pine
and the cypress are the last to lose their leaves.”
23.子曰:“其身正,不令而行;其身不正,虽令不从。”
The Master said, “When a prince’s personal conduct is correct, his government
is effective without issuing of orders, if his personal conduct is not correct, he may
issue orders, and they will not be followed.”
24.子曰:“无欲速,无见小利。欲速则不达,见小利而大事不成。”
The Master said, “Do not be desirous to have things done quickly; do not look
at small advantage. Desire to have things done quickly prevents their being done
thoroughly. Looking at small advantages prevents great affairs from being
accomplished.”
25.子曰:“言必信,行必果。”
The Master said, “They are determined to be sincere in what they say, and to
carry out what they do.”
26.子曰:“志士任人,无求生以害仁,有杀身以成任。”
The Master said, “The determined scholar and the man of virtue will not seek to
live at the expense of injuring their virtue. They will even sacrifice their life to
preserve their virtue complete.”
27.子曰:“工欲善其事,必先利其器。”
The Master said, “The mechanic, who wishes to do his work well, must first
sharpen his tools.”
28.子曰:“人无远虑,必有近忧。”
The Master said, “ If a man takes no thought of what is distant, he will find
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sorrow near at hand.”
29.子曰:“君子不以言举人,不以人废言。”
The Master said, “The superior man does not promote a man simple on account
of his words, nor does he put aside good words because of the man.”
30.子曰:“己所不欲,勿施于人。”
Tha Master said, “... What you do not want done by yourself, do not do to
others.”
31.子曰:“过儿不改,是谓过矣。”
The Master said, “To have them and not to reform them – this, indeed, should
be pronounced having faults.”
32.子曰:“有教无类。”
The Master said, “In teaching there should be no distinction of classes.”
33.子曰:“饱食终日,无所用心,难以哉。”
The Master said, “Hard is it to deal with him, who will stuff him with food the
whole day, without applying his mind to anything good.”
34.心不在焉,视而不见,听而不闻,食而不知其味。
When the mind is not present, we look and do not see; we hear and do not
understand; we eat and do not know what we eat.
35.道得众,则得国;失众,则失国。是故君子,先慎乎德,有德,此有 人,
有人此有土,有土此有财,有财此有用,德者,本也,财者,末也。
This shows that, by gaining the people, the kingdom is gained, and, by losing
people, the kingdom is lost. On this account, the ruler will first take pains about his
own virtue. Possessing the virtue will give him the people. Possessing the people will
give him the territory. Possessing the territory will give him its wealth. Possessing the
wealth, he will have resources for expenditure. Virtue is the root; wealth is the result.
36.在上位,不陵下;在下位,不援上。正己而不求于人,则无怨。上不怨天,
下不尤人。
In a high postion, he does not treat with contempt his inferiors. In a low
situation, he does not court the favour of his superior. He rectifies himself, and seeks
for nothing from others, so that he has no dissatisfactions. He does not murmur
against heaven, nor grumble against men.
37.君子之道,辟如行远必自迩;辟如登高必自卑。
The way of the superior men may be compared to what takes place in traveling,
when to go to a distance, we must first traverse the space that is near, and in ascending
a height, we must begin from the lower ground.
38.老吾老,以及人之老;幼吾幼,以及人之幼。
Treat with the reverence due to age the elders in your own family, so that the
elders in the families of others shall be similarly treated; treated with the kindness due
to the young so that the elders in the families of others shall be similarly be similarly
treated.
39.以利服人者,非心服也,力不赡也;以德服人,中心悦而诚服也。
When one by force subdues men, they do not submit to him in heart. They
submit, because their strength is not adequate to resist. When man subdues men by
virtue, in their hearts’ core they are pleased, and sincerely submit.
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40.孟子曰:“尊贤使能,俊杰在位,则天下之士,皆悦而愿立于其朝矣。
Mencius said, “If a ruler gives honor to the men of talents and virtue and
employs the able, so that offices shall all be filled by individuals of distinction and
mark – then all the scholar of the empire will be pleased, and wish to stand in his
court.”
41.孟子曰:”子路,人告之以过,则喜;禹闻善言,则拜。
Mencius said, “When anyone told Tszd-loo that he had a fault, he rejoiced. When
Yu heard good words, he bowed to the speaker.”
42.孟子曰:“天时不如地利,地利不如人和。”
Mencius said, “Opportunities of time vouchsafed by Heaven are not equal to
advantages of situation afforded by the Earth, and advantages of situation afforded by
the Earth are not equal to the union arising from the accord of Men.”
43.得道者多助,失道者寡助。
He who finds the proper course has many to assist him. He who loses the proper
course has few to assist him.
44.孟子曰:“人之患,在好为人师。”
Mencius said, “The evil of men is that they like to be teachers of others.”
45.爱人者,人恒爱之;敬人者,人恒敬之。
He who loves others is constantly loved by them. He who respects others is
constantly respected by them.
46.今夫弈之为数,小数也,不专心致志,则不得也。
Now chess playing is but a small art, but without his whole mind being given,
and his will bent to it, a man cannot succeed at it.
47.孟子曰:“鱼,我所 欲也;熊掌,亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼,舍鱼而取熊
掌者也。生,我所欲也,义,亦我所欲也,二者不 可得兼,舍身而取义者也。
Mencius said, “I like fish and I also like bear’s paws. If I cannot have the two
together, I will let the fish go, and take the bear’s paws. So, I like life, and I also like
righteousness. If I cannot keep the two together, I will let life go and choose
righteousness.”
48.心之官则思,思则得之;不思,则不得也。
To the mind belongs the office of thinking. By thinking, it gets the right view of
thing; by neglecting to think, it fails to do this.
49.在天将降大任于斯人也,必先苦其心志,劳其筋骨,饿其体肤,空乏其身,行拂乱起所为,所以动心忍性,曾益其所不能。
Thus, when Heaven is about to confer a great office on any man, it first exercises
his mind with suffering, and his sinews and bone with toil. It exposes his body to
hunger, and subjects him to extreme poverty. It confounds his undertakings. By all
these methods it stimulates his mind, hardens his nature, and supplies his
incompetence.
50.入,则无法家拂士;出,则无敌国外患者,国恒亡。然后知生于忧患而死
于安乐也。
If a prince has not about his court families attached to the laws and worthy
counselors, and if abroad there are not hostile states or other external calamities, his
kingdom will generally come to ruin. From these things we see how life springs from
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sorrow and calamity, and death from ease and pleasure.
51.孟子曰:“孔子登东山而小鲁,登泰山而小天下。”
Mencius said, “ Confucius ascended the eastern hill, and Loo appeared to him
small. He ascended the T’ae Mountain, and all beneath the heavens appeared to him
small.”
52.孟子曰:“杨子取为我,拔一毛而利天下不为也。”
Mencius said, “The principle of the philosopher Yang was ‘Each one for himself’.
Though he might have benefited the whole empire by plucking out a single hair, he
would not have done it.”
53.孟子曰:”饥者甘食,渴者甘饮。”
Mencius said, “The hungry think any food sweet, and the thirsty think the same
of any drink.”
54.孟子曰:“有为者,辟若掘井,掘井九轫,而不及泉,犹为弃井也。”
Mencius said, “A man with definite aims to be accomplished may be compared
to one digging a well. To dig the well to a depth of seventy-two cubits, and stop
without reaching the spring, is after all throwing away the well.”
55.孟子曰:“民为贵,社稷次之,君为轻。”
Mencius said, “The people are the most important element in a nation; the spirits
of the land and grain are the next; the sovereign is the lightest.”
56.孟子曰:“贤者,以其昭昭;今以其昏昏,使人昭昭。”
Mencius said, “Anciently, men of virtue and talents by means of their own
enlightenment made others enlightened. Nowadays, it is tried, while they are
themselves in darkness, to make others enlightened.”
57.孟子谓高子曰:“山径之蹊间,介然用之而成路,为间不用,则茅塞之矣。”
Mencius said to the disciple Kaou, “There are the footpaths along the hills…if
suddenly they be used, they become roads; and if as suddenly they are not used, the
wild grass fills them up.”
58.孟子曰:“诸侯之宝三:土地,人民,政事。宝珠玉者殃必及身。”
Mencius said, “The precious things of a prince are three… the territory, the
people, the government and its business. If one values as most precious pearls and
stones, calamity is sure to befall him.”
59.人能充无欲害人之心,而仁不可胜用也。
If a man can give full development to the feeling which makes him shrink from
injuring others, his benevolence will be more than can be called into practice.
60.孟子曰:“养心,莫善于寡欲······”
Mencius said, “To nourish the heart there is nothing better than to make the
desires few…”
第七节 中外名人名言及其译文
名人名言, 是一种特殊的引语或语录,也是广义熟语的一种,富有人品教益
意义,是古今中外政治家、思想家、哲学 家和科学家等多方面名人的真知灼见和
智慧表述。同时,名人名言又有其简洁、深刻、优美等诸多语言美 。因此,要把
它们译成另外的语言,需要各种技巧。
1.顾炎武:天下兴亡,匹夫有责。
Gu Yanwu:
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Every ordinary person is responsible for the prosperity of decline of the country.
2.孙中山:为祖国效死,死重于泰山。
Sun Yat-sen:
Death for the homeland is weightier than Mount Tai.
3.鲁迅:我以我血鉴轩辕。
Lu Xun
I will shed my blood for my motherland.
4.诸葛亮:鞠躬尽瘁,死而后已。
Zhuge Liang
I will make myself a dedicated servant to my country until death.
5.文天祥:人生自古谁无死,留取丹心照汗青。
Wen Tianxiang
No man can live forever; let me die with a loyal heart shining in the pages of
history.
6.胡适:科学的根本精神在于求真理。
Hu Shi
The ultimate spirit of science is to seek truth.
7.老子:天下难事,必须于易;天下大事,必须于细。
Lao Zi
To conquer the hard,one must master the easy; to achieve greatness, one must
begin from the triviality.
8.梁启超:患难与困苦,是磨练人格的最高学校。
Liang Qichao
Hardship and distress are the best school to steel one’s personality.
9.孙武:知己知彼,百战不殆。
Sun Wu
One who knows his own strength and that of the enemy is invincible in battle.
10.李世民:君子用人如器,各取所长。
Li Shimin
The emperor treats talents as tools, using their strong points to his advantage.
11.华罗庚:勤能补拙是良训,一分辛劳一分才。
Hua Luogeng
It is true that diligence will make up for shortcomings, so your talent will
depend on your labor.
12.孙中山:人能尽其才,则百事兴。
Sun Yat-sen
Everything will prosper if we could make the best use of every talent.
13.赵翼:江山代有人才出,各领风骚数百年。
Zhao Yi
Talents distinguish themselves out in different generations, and each gains
popularity for centuries.
14.蔡元培:知识者,人事之基本也。
Cai Yuanpei
Geniuses are mostly trained by diligence as well as carefulness.
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15.南怀瑾:如果没有真知灼见,切勿只图一时快意,舞文弄墨。
Nan Huaijin
Without truth and bright ideas, be sure not to write anything only for an instant
pleasure.
16.(America) Lincoln:
It is true that gold is valuable, but the vigorous and brave patriots are more
valuable than gold.
(美)林肯
黄金固然是可贵的,但是生气勃勃勇敢的爱国者却比黄金更为宝贵。
17.(America) Kennedy:
Don’t ask what your country will do for you – ask what you can do for your
country.
(美)肯尼迪
不要问你的祖国能为你做什么,要问你能为你的祖国做什么。
18.(Germany) Goethe:
Science and art are originated from the world; they are borderless.
(德)歌德
科学和艺术是源于世界的,它们没有国界。
19.(Russia) Tolstoy:
The objective of science is to serve the people.
(俄) 托尔斯泰
科学的目的是为人服务。
20.(Britain) Newton:
No bold conjectures, no great findings.
(英)牛顿
没有大胆的猜想就做不出伟大的发现。
21.(Germany) Einstein:
It is not a terrible thing if a person once took a roundabout course or made
some mistakes in the process of scientific research, not even a shame; he should be
courageous to acknowledge and correct the mistakes in practice.
(德)爱因斯坦
一个 人在科学上进步而在道德上走过弯路,犯过错误并不是坏事,更不是
什么耻辱,要在实践中勇于承认和改 正错误。
22.(Ancient Greece) Aristotle
Those who make progress in science but go backward in morality are not
advancing but falling back.
(古希腊)亚里士多德
在科学上进步而在道德上落后的人,不是前进,而是后退。
23.(America) Whiteman
Failure is great too if it is unavoidable.
(美)惠特曼
当失败不可避免是,失败也是伟大的。
24.(Spain) Samaranch
I adhere to unity. Only with absolute unity can we be powerful.
.--
-
(西班牙)萨马兰奇
我坚持团结,只有在全体一致的团结中我们才有力量。
25.(France) Victor Huge
I would rather pursue my future on my own than beg help from the powerful.
(法)雨果
我宁愿靠自己的力量,打开我的前途,而不求权势者垂青。
26.(Germany) Marx
We’d better struggle for the future rather than regret for the past.
(德)马克思
后悔过去,不如奋斗将来。
27.(America) Michael Jordan
If anybody doubts or looks down upon me…, that will be my driving force.
(美)迈克尔·乔丹
如果有人轻视或怀疑我······那将成为我前进的动力。
28.(Denmark) Andersen
One can not succeed if one does not strive.
(丹麦)安徒生
一个人必须经过一番刻苦奋斗,才会有所成就。
29.(America) Edison
The strong is able to strive in the storm of fate.
(美)爱迪生
坚强者能在命运风暴中奋斗。
30.(America) Gates
Employ extremely intelligent young people and establish survival-of-the-fittest
employment system.
(美)比尔·盖茨
聘用绝顶聪明的年轻人,建立适者生存的用人机制。
31.(America) Ford
Correct ideas are the foundation of success in one’s career. He who wins men,
prospers; he who loses them, fails.
(美)福特
正确的理念是事业成功的基础,得人者昌,,失人者亡。
32.(Germany) Hegel
Ignorance is not free, because its opposite is a strange world.
(德)黑格尔
无知是不自由的,因为和它对立的是一个陌生的世界。
33.(France) Hugo
Man has one tyrant – ignorance.
(法)雨果
无知是迷信之母。
34.(the Soviet Union) Gorky
We cannot interpret life correctly without knowledge.
(苏联)高尔基
没有知识就不可能对生活做出正确的解释。
.--
-
35.(Ancient Greece) Socrates
There is only one thing .in the world which is treasure, and that is knowledge.
(古希腊)苏格拉底
世上只有一样东西是珍宝,那就是知识。
36. (Ancient Greece)Plato
I believe knowledge is the most powerful among all.
(古希腊)柏拉图
我认为知识在一切之中最有力量。
37(Britain) Churchill
The empire of tomorrow will be the empire of intelligence.
(英)丘吉尔
明日之帝国将是智力之帝国。
38.(America) Washington
In every country, knowledge is the most reliable base for public happiness.
(美)华盛顿
在每个国家,知识都是公共幸福的最可靠的基础。
39.(Britain) Bacon
The most knowledge one has, the most powerful he is. His knowledge is his
capability.
(英)培根
人越有知识就越有力量,其知识和能力是相等的。
40.(the Soviet Union) Lenin
The only way to become a communist is to enrich oneself with all the treasure
of knowledge that human beings have created.
(苏联)列林
只有用人类创造的全部知识财富来充实自己头脑的人,才能成为共产主义
者。
41.(Britain) Shakespeare
On the big clock of time, there is only one word: present.
(英)莎士比亚
在时间的大钟上,只有两个字——现在。
42.(Russia) Pushkin
Wake up – every minute is gold.
(俄)普希金
醒来吧——每一分钟都贵如黄金。
43.(Italy) Dante
Men can not live like beasts; we should pursue knowledge and virtue.
(意大利)但丁
人不能像走兽那样活着,应该追求知识和美德。
44.(Britain) Russell
Among all moral qualities, the born kindness is needed the most in the world.
(英)罗素
一切道德品质中,善良的本性在世界上是最需要的。
45.(France) Romain Rolland
.--
-
You will tolerate all if you understand all.
(法)罗曼·罗兰
没有美德,就没有真正的幸福。
46.(France) Balzac
Hospitality is virtue and happiness.
(法)巴尔扎克
好客是一种美德,也是一种幸福。
47.(Russia) Chekhov
Keep objective when associating.
(俄)契科夫
待人处世保持客观。
48.(South Africa) Nelson Mandela
All men should coexist peacefully; and all men should be given the equal rights.
(南非)纳尔逊·曼德拉
所有的人都要和平相处,具有平等权利。
49.(America) Franklin
It is great trust to tell your friend your shortcomings, while it is greater trust to
tell your friend his shortcomings.
(美) 富兰克林
把自己的缺点告诉朋友是莫大的信任,把朋友的缺点告诉朋友是更大的信
任。
50.(ancient Greece) Plato
(古希腊)柏拉图
The minority may hold the truth.
真理有时在少数人一边。
Respecting people should not be more important than respecting truth.
尊重人不应该重于尊重真理。
51.(America) Thomas Edison
Being indecisive in making great decision and having insufficient rushing
strength are the two major causes which make us frustrated and depressed.
(美)爱迪生
作重大决定时优柔寡断,行动时冲劲不足,是使我们失意沮丧的两大主因。
52.(America) Hemingway
A man can be destroyed but not defeated.
(美)海明威
人可以被毁灭,但决不能被打败.
53.(Britain)Shelley:
The past belongs to death; only the future belongs to us.
(英)雪莱
过去属于死神,唯有未来属于我们活着的人。
54.(the Soviet Union) Ostrovsky
The most beautiful thing in life is that when you stop breathing, you can also
serve the people with the things you’ve created.
(苏)奥斯特洛夫斯基
.--
-
人生最美好的,就是,即使你生命已经停止,你还能以你人生中的创造为
他人服务。
55.(America) Thoreau
People are craftsmen for their own happiness.
(美)梭罗

.--

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