流火如夏学术写作中常用高级用词替换

2020年12月13日发(作者：卞熊文)
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常用词的学术替换
动词替换：

e 提高：
Promote: 促进AC之间的贸易promote the trade between A and C; He was promoted to
senior manager in this company.
Advance: our understanding of human genetics has considerably(非常的，可换做vastly)
advanced.
Enhance: the publicity has enhanced his reputation.这次宣传提高了他的名望
改变：
Transform:多指改头换面，完全改变，不能用于形容slight change。说到人口变化：the
increasing population has transformed the landscape and structure of local industry
structure.人口剧增改变了小镇的景色以及当地的工业结构
ize 强调：
Highlight：the report highlight the decline in the numbers of native(可以换作local) plants
and insects.
Stress: He stresses the need for parents to listen to their children.
Accentuate: the crisis accentuates the gap between rich and poor.
(highlight and emphasize 的区别：highlight是告诉人们重点，因而能够让别人注意，类似
于老师 勾重点；而emphasize则是使重点清晰，不管别人是否能注意得到。而stress则和
emp hasize差不多)
p培养：
Cultivate: cultivate the ability of … ；培养情操；cultivate a more relaxed and positive way
towards life.
Nurture: 养育，同样可以指培养人才（talents）the sea nutures ample marine animals.
破坏：
Impair：impair ability; 主要是破坏能力，莫乱用。
Undermine这个词也是指的是抽象意义上的破坏，有逐渐削弱之意 ，重点是循序渐进的过
程。Undermine one’s abilityconfidenceauthoritypositioncredibility
Jeopardize: 不能乱用，破坏的东西要上一定的等级才能配上此词。比如Jeopardize the
process of peace.破坏和平进程
Devastate特指毁灭、蹂躏 the earthquake devastated the whole city.
保存
Preserve、Conserve 保护资源用的就是这个词，不要用protect，protect这个词用在保护具
体的东西。
With解决
Tackle: tackle the problem.
Resolve: resolve dispute争论conflict冲突problemiss uecrisis危机；来自拉丁语，比较正
式。
需要
Require：xxx requires courage and confidence.
Necessitate: 用法不简单，没有摸透。
call for（这也是个很高级的用法，奥巴马就用这个【我不晓得奥巴马咋个用的，原帖是这样
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说的，并且call for也挺正式的】）：跟need一样的用法
形容词替换：
here 普遍的
Widespread: 随便用
Prevalent：Drug abuse is especially prevalent among teenagers.
Overflow：泛滥 the garden is overflew with colors of flowers.
Rampant: 特指有害的东西泛滥，比如疾病，犯罪等，并且难于控制。
H1n1 Virus is rampant in the world.甲流世界泛滥
好的（太多了）
Impressive, glorious, amazing, brilliant, incredible, attractive…
Beneficial（反义词：detrimental）the drug is beneficial to the immune system.
Advantageous: 特指有益的。Advantageous industry：优势产业
l 有害的
Unfavorable, horrible, disgusting
Inhumane: 没人性的
lousy (I’m fed up with the lousy job.)
severe (severe problem, illness, injuries.)
abysmal(低谷：their performance is abysmal.)
Detrimental: smoking is detrimental to your health.
Baneful: 现阶段用不到，文学作品里面的“邪恶”，完全诘屈聱牙。
富有的
Wealthy、Affluent、ample
There are a myriad of stars in the Milky Way. (银河系好多星星啊！！)
贫穷的
Impoverished（动词表示使贫穷： The great depression had impoverished many third world
countries.）an impoverished student.
s 严重的
Severe
s 明显的
Manifest: a manifest error judge明显判断失误; Adv. Manifestly .e.g. a manifestly unfair
system.
Apparent、Evident
Patent: patent impossibilities. 显然不可能的事。
便宜的
Econ omical：经济的，不浪费，而不是单纯指某物便宜。经济适用房：economically affordable
housing。
Inexpensive=cheap
Reasonable：价格合理的。Reasonable price
Affordable：能够支付的。
名词替换：
ther 祖先
Ancestor、Predecessor
ence不同
Gap（简单但是牛）沟，generation gap——very common use in CET-46
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Distinction: sharpclear distinction between allergy and food intolerance (TBBT里面的
Howard就有lactose intolerance，一吃peanuts就会肿，长荨麻疹rash哈哈。)
再想牛就用schism。比如“填平两个分支学科之间的分歧”heal the schism between clinical
medicine and public health.(有本书就叫这个。)
犯罪
Delinquency：一般crime都 用不到。指道德败坏，行为，为显示词汇量可以与crime连用
Criminal Act：犯罪行为
nment 环境
Circumstance：under the circumstances. 相当抽象的词，“情况”。
Surrounding：表示周围居住的环境，想当具体。Nearby可与之互换。The surrounding area.
Atmosphere、Ambience：这两个词可替换， 但是当atmosphere表示大气层的意思的时候
则不能。
ion 污染
Contamination: 我觉得太装B了，他的pp还不错：contaminated water—特指被污染的水
人类
Individualmenones以及一切表示工人，农民公务员等等的词
The human race
Humankind
Humanity：特别指出，用来表示人性。其他一概不要用。虽然也有人之类的意思。
危险
Hazard：化学、物理危害；隐患：polluted water is a hazard to wild life and nature；
safetynature hazard.
modern society 在当今社会
In contemporary society
In present-day society
In this day and age（这是最牛的说法）
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1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be impo
rtant)
=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)
nt=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)
=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)
t=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to somethin
g; ignore means no attention.)
=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)
=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORM
AL)
te=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)
=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)
=peak, summit
itor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)
=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)
=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)
=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation
=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish
=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)

in=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)
y=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental
e=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)
=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something she does not want to),co
mpel
e=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)
x=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)
23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near himher
=minuscule(very small), minute,


=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)
-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughl
y
ult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)

(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted o
n it)
e=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)
=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)
=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize somethin
g’s large), tremendous(INFORMAL)
=shun(if someone shuns something, she deliberately avoid that something or keep awa
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y from it.)
=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something
.)
=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently
e=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe
(dislike very much)!
=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)
=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)
r=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will ne
ver change or be changed)
se=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonis
h(the same as astound)
iasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)
=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!
ive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)
ous=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive
=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)
t=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire himher. FORMAL)
=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)
=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)
=boiling(very ous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially
to people's safety and

health)
ys=currently
=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;
=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)
=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)
=consequence(the results or effects of something)
s=apparent, manifest
n=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)
=fairly
ic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)
=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)
=emerge(come into existence)
=entire(the whole of something)
=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)!
=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)
ult=formidable
=convert(change into another form)
l=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)
l=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)
y=capacity, capability(the same as ability)
e=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, she behaves in a strange way, or hisher opinion is
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different from most people)
=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)
= utilize (the same as use)
s=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)


y=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)
=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)
rship=fellowship
=enraged(extremely angry)
=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)
=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)
tive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you
a great deal)
e=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)
er=disarray, chaos
y=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)
=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quic
kly)
ry=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)
e=notwithstanding(FORMAL)
=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)
=acute(severe and intense)
evable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to h
appen ^
=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries himher because
heshe does not understand it)
=avenue(away of getting something done)
=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)
t=archaic(extremely old and extremely old- fashioned)
te=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it w
ith something else)
le=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)
=consequently, accordingly
=infrequent (doesn’t happen often









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