孙浩雨大学英语六级真题模拟

2020年12月16日发(作者：巢敬)
大学英语六级真题

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6月大学六级考试试题
Part Ⅰ Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30
minutes to write a short essay entitled Due
Attention Should Be Given to the Study of
Chinese. You should write at least 150 words
following the outline given below.
1. 近年来大小写生中出现了忽视
中文学习的现象
2. 出现这种现象的原因和后果
3. 为了改变这种状况，我认
为……
Due Attention Should Be Given to
the Study of Chinese

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Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
(Skimming and Scanning)
Obama's success isn't all good news for black
Americans
As Erin White watched the election results
head towards victory for Barack Obama, she
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felt a burden lifting from her shoulders.
one second, it was a validation for my whole
race,

who is studying for an MBA at Vanderbilt
University in Nashville, Tennessee. there
had always been these things in the back of my
mind questioning whether I really can be who I
want. It was like a shadow, following me around
saying you can only go so far. Now it's like a
barrier has been let down.
White's experience is what many
psychologists had expected—that Obama would
prove to be a powerful role model for African
Americans. Some hoped his rise to prominence
would have a big impact on white Americans,
too, challenging those who still harbour raci'st
sentiments. traits that characterise him
are very contradictory to the racial
stereotypes that black people are
aggressive and uneducated, says Ashby
Plant of Florida State University. very
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intelligent and eloquent.
Sting in the tail
Ashby Plant is one of a number of
psychologists who seized on Obama's candidacy
to test hypotheses about the power of role
models. Their work is already starting to reveal
how the effectis changing people's
views and behaviour. Perhapssurprisingly, it is
not all good news: there is a sting in the tail of
the Obama effect.
But first the good news. Baraek Obama
really is a positive role model for African
Americans, and he was making an impact even
before he got to the White House. Indeed, the
Obama effect can be surprisingly immediate
and powerful, as Ray Friedman of Vanderbilt
University and his colleagues discovered.
They tested four separate groups at four
key stages of Obama's presidential campaign.
Each group consisted of around 120 adults of
similar age and education, and the test assessed
their language skills. At two of these stages,when
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Obama's success was less than certain, the tests
showed a clear difference between the scores of
the white and black participants—an average of
12.1 out of 20, compared to 8.8, for example.
When the Obama fever was at its height,
however, the black participants performed
much better. Those who had watched Obama's
acceptance speech as the Democrats'
presidential candidate performed just as well,
on average, as the white subjects. After his
election victory, this was true of all the black
participants.
Dramatic shift
What can explain this dramatic shift? At
the start of the test, the participants had to
declare their race and were told their results
would be used to assess their strengths and
weaknesses. This should have primed the
subjects with threat—an anxiety
that their results will confirm negative
stereotypes, which has been shown to damage
the performance of African Americans.
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Obama's successes seemed to act as a shield
against this.
energised by his victory, so the stereotype threat
wouldn't prove a distraction,
Lingering racism
If the Obama effect is positive for African
Americans, how is it affecting their white
compatriots (同胞)? Is the experience of having
a charismatic (有魅力的) black president
modifying lingering racist attitudes? There is no
easy way to measure racism directly; instead
psychologists assess what is known as
biasusing a computerbased test that
measures how quickly people associate positive
and negative words—such as or
—with photos of black or white faces. A
similar test can also measure how quickly
subjects associate stereotypical traits— such as
athletic skills or mental ability—with a
particular group.
In a study that will appear in the Journal of
Experimental Social Psychology, Plant's team
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tested 229 students during the height of the
Obama fever. They found that implicit bias had
fallen by as much as 90% compared with the
level found in a similar study in . an
unusually large drop,
While the team can't be sure their results
are due solely to Obama, they also showed that
those with the lowest bias were likely to
subconsciously associate black skin colour with
political words such as or
This suggests that Obama was
strongly on their mind, says Plant.
Drop in bias
Brian Nosek of the University of Virginia in
Charlottesville, who runs a website that
measures implicit bias using similar tests, has
also observed a small drop in bias in the 700,000
visitors to the site since January , which might
be explained by Obama's rise to popularity.
However, his preliminary results suggest that
change will be much slower coming than Plant's
results suggest.
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Talking honestly
now have the opportunity of
expressing support for Obama every day,
Daniel Effron at Stanford University in
California. research arouses the concern
that people may now be more likely to raise
negativeviews of African the
other hand, he says, it may just encourage
people to talk more honestly about their feelings
regarding race issues, which may not be such a
bad thing.
Another part of the study suggests far more is
at stake than the mere expression of views. The
Obama effect may have a negative side. Just one
week after Obama was elected president,
participants were less ready to support policies
designed to address racial inequality than they
had been two weeks before the election.
Huge obstacles
It could, of course, also be that Obama's
success helps people to forget that a
disproportionate number of blaek Americans
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still live in poverty and face huge obstacles when
trying to overcome these circumstances.
出众
的) image, we generalise it and fail to see the
larger picture—that there's injustice in every
aspect of American life,
the University of Washington in Seattle. Those
trying to address issues of racial inequality need
to constantly remind people of the inequalities
that still exist to counteract the Obama effect,
she says.
Though Plant's findings were more positive,
she too warns against thinking that racism and
racial inequalities are no longer a problem.
last thing I want is for people to think
everything's solved.
These findings do not only apply to Obama,
or even just to race. They should hold for any
role model in any country.
we wouldn't have seen the same effect on our
views of women if Hillary Clinton or Sarah
Palin had been elected,says Effron. So the