夕歌国际商务英语名词解释

2020年12月17日发(作者：解方)
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Visible trade有形贸易:The form of commodity
trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods
produced or manufactured in one country for
consumption or resale in another. (including cash
transaction-by means of money and market, and
counter trade)
Invisible trade
transportation,
无形贸易: The form of
communication, banking,
Licensing许可经营: In licensing, a firm leases the
right to use its intellectual property to a firm in
another country. They choose licensing because
they do not have to make cash payments to stat
business, and can simply receive income in the
form of royalty
Franchising特许经营: Under franchising,
franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of
another, franchiser who provides the former with
trademarks, brand names, logos and operating
techniques for royalty.
Franchiser特许方: A firm who provides the
franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos
and operating techniques for royalty.
Franchisee被特许方: A firm is allowed to operate
in the name of another.
Management contract管理合同: Under a
management contract, one company offers
managerial or other specialized services to
another within a particular period for a flat
payment or a percentage of the relevant business
volume.
insurance, consulting, information etc. is called
invisible trade or service industries.
FDI外国直接投资: Foreign direct investments.
Returns through controlling the enterprises or
assets invested in a host country. P.256. One
country acquires assets in a foreign country for
the purpose of controlling and managing them.
Portfolio investment证券投资:Purchases of
foreign financial assets for a purpose other than
controlling.
Stocks股票: Capital stocks or bonds.
Bonds债券: The papers issued by a government
or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent
or invested together with interest.
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Turnkey project“交钥匙”工程: For an international property and labor owned by the residents of an
turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a economy.
foreign purchaser and undertakes all the GDP国内生产总值: Gross Domestic Product. The
designing, contracting and facility equipping market value of all goods and services produced
before handing it over to the latter upon within the geographic area of an economy.
completion.
International investment国际投资: Supplying
capital by residents of one country to another.
International business国际商务: Transaction
between parties from different countries.
Free trade area自由贸易区: The members
remove barriers to trade among themselves while
still adopts each own external policy.
Customs union关税同盟: The members remove
barriers to trade among themselves and adopt
the same external policy.除Common market共同
市场: The members remove barriers not only to
trade but also to factors of production and adopt
the same external policy.
Economic Union (EU)经济同盟: The members
remove barriers not only to trade but also to
factors of production, adopt the same external
policy and harmonize their taxation, government
expenditure, industry policies and use the same
currency.
Host country东道国: The host country is a foreign
country where the investor operates.
Sometimes business across the borders of
different customs areas of the same country is
also regarded as import and export.
GNP国民生产总值: Gross national Product. The
market value of goods and services produced by the
property and labor owned by the residents of an
economy.
GDP国内生产总值: Gross Domestic Product. The
market value of all goods and services produced
within the geographic area of an economy.
GNP国民生产总值: Gross national Product. The
market value of goods and services produced by the
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…东道国：The country where an affiliate
MNC locates.
MNE跨国企业: Multinational enterprise: A typical
multinational enterprise shall be defined as a
business organization which owns (whether
wholly or partly), controls and manages assets,
often including productive resources, in more
than one country, through its member companies
incorporated separately in each of these
countries. Each member company is known as a
multinational corporation.
International trade国际贸易: Theexchange of
goods and services produced in one country with
those produced in another sufficient.
Tariff关税: A tax levied on a commodity when it
crosses the boundary of a custom area.
Quota配额: A quota limits the imports or exports
of a commodity during a given period of time. It is
the most common form of non-tariff barriers.
Import duties进口关税: Tariffs levied on goods
entering an area
Export duties出口关税: Taxes levied on goods
leDrawback退税: Duties paid on imported goods
that are refunded if the goods are reexported.
aving an area 对离境Most-favored- nation (MFN)
treatment最惠国待遇:A tariff treatment under
which a country is required to extend to all siTariff
barriers 关税壁垒: The traditional protectionism
measure
gnatories any tariff concessions granted to any
Inquiry enquiry询盘、询价: It is made by the
buyers to get information about the goods to be
ordered such as quantity, specifications, prices,
time of shipment and other terms.
Quotation报盘: Estimate of how much something
will cost
Counter offer还盘: New offer made by the
original offeree to the original offerer
participating country.A first enquiry首次询价: An
enquiry sent to an exporter whom the importer
has never dealt with
A contract一个合同: An agreement which sets
forth binding obligations of the relevant parties
A firm offer实盘: is a promise to sell goods at a
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staBarter易货贸易: The direct exchange of goods
and services, which is completed in a short period
of time.
Counter purchase反向购买、互购贸易: The
assumption by an exporter of a transferable
obligation through separate but linked contract to
accept as full or partial payment goods and
services from the importer or importing country.
Buyback回购贸易: An agreement by an exporter
of plant and equipment to take back in the future
part of the output produced by these goods as full
or partial payment.
ted 汇票:= Bill of exchange. It is an
unconditional order to a bank or a customer to
pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at
a fixed time in the future.
Drawer出票人: The person who draws the draft
(usually the exporter)
Drawee受票人: The person to whom the draft is
drawn.
Payee收款人、领款人: The person receiving the
payment.
Sight draft即期汇票: The draft calls for immediate
payment on presentation to the drawee.
Usance draft远期汇票=Term draft = Tenor draft:
The draft is payable at a later date on
presentation to the drawee.
Clean draft光票: The draft without documents
Documentary draft跟单汇票: The draft is
accompanied by the relevant documents.
Documentary collection跟单托收: It is means of
ensuring that the goods are only handed over to
the buyer when the amount shown on a bill of
exchange is paid or when the customer accepts
the bill as a contract to pay by a specified date.
Remittance 汇付: This method is always
employed by the parties who are familiar with and
trust each other
Applicant (Opener or Principal)申请人: The
person who instructs his bank to issue an LC.
(the importer)
Opening bank (Issuing bank, Establishing bank)
开证行: The bank that issues the credit
Beneficiary受益人:The exporter in whose favor
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the credit is opened
Correspondent band往来行、关系行:The bank in
the exporter’s country, which the opening bank
sends the credit to it
Advising bank通知行: The bank in the exporter’s
country, which advises the exporter the LC, is
received.
Confirming bank保兑行: The bank adds its
confirmation to the credit.
The letter of Credit (LC、LC)信用证:The credit is
a letter issued by a bank at the request of the
importer in which the bank promises to pay upon
presentation of the relevant documents.
Paying bank付款行: The bank accepts or
negotiates the bill of exchange.
Negotiating bank议付行: The bank buys the
exporter’s draft submitted to it under a credit.
Revocable credit可撤消信用证: The credits can
be altered or even canceled without consulting
with the beneficiary.
Irrevocable credit不可撤消信用证: The credits
can not be amended or revoked without the
consent of all the parties concerned.
Confirmed credit保兑信用证: The credit is
confirmed by a bank other than the issuing bank
Sight credit即期信用证: The credit by which
payment can be made upon presentation of the
draft and impeccable documents by the
beneficiary to the bank.
Usance credit (Term credit, Time credit)远期信用
证:The credit by which payment cannot be made
until a specific date or a specific time after the
date of afteTransferable credit可转让信用证: The
credit can be transferred by the original
beneficiary to one or more parties.
Non-transferable credit不可转让Non-draft credit
无汇票信用证: The credit that payment of to be
made by presentation（提示陈述） of the
documents without the formality of drawing and
presenting a draft.
Revolving credit循环信用证: The credit stipulated
（规定保证） that its amount can be renewed or
reinstated without specific amendment to the
credit being made.
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The documentary credit跟单信用证: The credits
that require shipping documents to be presented
together with the draft.
信用证: The credit can not be transferredr
sightCommercial invoice
商业发票: The document is the general
description of the quality and quantity of the
goods and the unit and total price. The contents:
Invoice number and the date; name and address
of the buyer and the seller; contract number and
credit number; description of the goods including
name of the commodity, quantity, specifications,
etc.; unit price, total price, price terms, and
commission and discount if any; terms of delivery
and terms of payment; packing, shipping marks,
etc.; and seal or signature of the exporter.
Packing list装箱单: The documents gives
information such as the number, date, name and
description of the goods, shipping marks, packing,
number of packages, specific contents of each
package and its net with and gross weight etc.
Straight bill of lading记名提单:It is made out so
that only the named consignee is entitled to take
delivery of the goods under the bill.
Common carrier公共承运人: It is privately or
publicly owned companies committed to
performing a movement service of the same
quality for all shippers on an equal basis and
without discrimination.
Contract carrier契约承运人: Individual contracts
may be arranged between transportation users
and carriers (the transportation company).
Transportation and freight transportation运输和
货物运输: In broad sense, transportation is
defined as movement of freight and passengers
from one location (place) to another. In a formal
sense, freight transportation is defined as the
economic movement of commodities and
products and the effects of such movement on
the development and advancement of business.
Cargo insurance货物保险: It is an activity aimed
at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of
the exports and importers, and placing it upon the
shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriters.
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