声纳技术商务英语名词解释

2020年12月17日发(作者：封孟绅)
1.?Budget?—预算an account of probable future income and expenditure during a
stated, period, usu. a year used as a guide in making financial arrangements.
2.?Return?—回报the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit
on the sale of the investment.
3.?Portfolio?—证券投资组合the entire collection of investments in the form of
stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling
4.?Royalty?—专利税money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to
publish copyright material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a
patented design, usu. at a greed percentage of the selling price of the product.
5.?Patent?—专利权a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and
sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.
6.?Non- tariff barrier?—非贸易壁垒all forms of man-made obstructions to
international trade other than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.
7.?Franchise?—经销权an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner
gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in
a certain area.
sing power?—购买力of persons, the public, having the money to buy
goods and services.
9.?PPP?—购买力平价purchasing power parity
10.?tariff?—关税tax levied by the customs
rs to trade?—贸易壁垒any action by a government to limit or prevent the
free flow of goods in and out of its country.
y commodities?—初级产品those commodities not processed, or only
slightly processed, usually farm produce or raw materials
ck?—退税duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when
re-exported
ic duties?—从量税duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of
the goods
valorem duties?—从价税duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods
ge?—运费the price or cost of transportation
ary offer?—主动发盘an offer made on the initiative of the offerer
cting parties?—缔约方signatories of an agreement
majeure?—[不可抗力] social or natural calamities that take place beyond
the control of a contracting party
offer?—持盘an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offer
e?—受要约人the party to whom an offer is made
nflation?—极度通货膨胀soaring of prices beyond control
ion?—通货膨胀rise in prices brought about by the excess demand,
expansion of money supply, credit etc.
tionism?—贸易保护主义the theory of the system of developing home
countries through duties and other means imposed on competitive imports
ral?—双边的of two sides
ng?—捆绑式销售the exchange of goods or services are tied together
ors?—债权人a person to whom one owns money
?—债务人a person who owes money
t?—违约fail to carry out an obligation
?—汇票an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of money
ance?—汇款the sending of money or the money sent
?—出票人the person who issues a draft, usually the exporter
?—受票人the person to whom a draft is drawn
-worthiness?—资信being believed or accepted by others as reliable in
making payment
ant of an LC?—出口信用证the importer that goes to a bank for the
establishment of an LC
ciary?—受益人the company that can make use of an LC to get paid for its
export
ming bank?—保兑行the bank that adds its own commitment to an LC
rse?—退款pay back to somebody for the expenses he has spent
credit?—光票信用证a credit that does not require shipping documents for
payment
credit?—即期信用证a credit by which payment can be made upon
presentation of the draft
man?—中间商trader through whom goods pass between the producer and
the consumer
nee?—收货人the party in the bill of lading to whom the goods are shipped
ng marks?—唛头what is printed on the outer packing of goods as symbol
for identification in the course of transportation
nce policy?—保险单a document used for covering possible risks
?—抬头right to the possession of a position or property
d?—被保险人a person covered by an insurance policy
m?—保险费the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract
ial loss?—潜在损失loss which is possible to incur
?—索赔a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy
?—利润amount above what is estimated as necessary
riter?—保险公司a person who carries on insurance as a business
e?—发票a document for the general description of the goods and the price
sation?—赔偿金something given or received as an equivalent for loss
g?—联营a combination of funds formed for common advantage
-modal transportation?—多式联运transport that combines road, rail, sea and
air
?—兑换to repay or pay off, esp. loan stock, debentures and preference
shares or stock
ment?—结算the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc
ge rate?—汇率the price at which one currency can be exchanged for
another currency
circulation?—货币流通money in the hands of the public and being used to
pay for goods and services
ation?—货币贬值the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange
value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other currencies
e?—储备金money held aside to meet future demand
ment?—投资the act of putting money to use in something offering
profitable returns
?—配额a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or
commodity
?—自动出口限制an agreement by a country’s exporters or government to
limit their exports or government to limit their exports to another country
ectual property?—知识产权certain non-tangible assets held, principally
covering the areas of patent protection, registered trade marks and designs, and
copy-right
holiday?—免税期a period of time during which tax is not levied
venture?—合资企业a business where the provision of risk capital is shared
between two or more firms
?—金边债券stocks issued by government
-effective?—成本效益好producing optimum results for the expenditure
-dumping?—反倾销one form of action which may be taken by a government
to protect industries from unfair competition by which goods are sold at a price lower
than in the country where they are manufactured
e?—授权authority given to perform a duty
cting party?—缔约国a country or firm that signs a legal agreement
e trade有形贸易?: The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and
importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale
in another. (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter
trade)
ble trade无形贸易?: The form of transportation, communication, banking,
insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.
( foreign direct investments)?is made of returns through controlling the
enterprises or assets invested in a host country.
lio investment证券投资?: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a
purpose other than controlling.
债券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay
back the money lent or invested together with interest.
ing许可经营?: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual
property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have
to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of
royalty.
ising特许经营?: a firm called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the
name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks,
brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty.
iser特许方?: A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand
names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.
isee被特许方?: A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.
国民生产总值?: Gross national Product. The market value of goods and
services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.
国内生产总值?: Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and
services produced within the geographic area of an economy.
capita GDP人均国内生产总值?: It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by
its population, which reveals the average income level of consumers.
distribution收入分布?: The proportions of its rich, middle income and
poor people.
trade area自由贸易区?: The members remove barriers to trade among
themselves while still adopts each own external policy
s union关税同盟?: The members remove barriers to trade among
themselves and adopt the same external policy
market共同市场?: The members remove barriers not only to trade but
also to factors of production and adopt the same external policy.
ic Union (EU)经济同盟?: The members remove barriers not only to trade
but also to factors of production, adopt the same external policy and harmonize their
taxation, government expenditure, industry policies and use the same currency.
MNC headquarter跨国公司母公司，总部?is the original investing
multinational corporation . It is also the international headquarters of the MNE .
county母国?: The country where the headquarter of the investor is located.
country东道国?: The host country is a foreign country where the investor
operates.
te advantage绝对利益?: It holds that a commodity will be produced in the
country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land and labor)
ative advantage比较利益?: Even if a country is less efficient than
another in the production of both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually
beneficial trade.
1..International trade国际贸易?: The exchange of goods and services produced in
one country with those produced in another sufficient.
duties进口关税?: Tariffs levied on goods entering an area
duties出口关税?: Taxes levied on goods leaving an area
-favored-nation (MFN) treatment最惠国待遇?: A tariff treatment under which
a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions granted to any
participating country
y enquiry询盘、询价?: It is made by the buyers to get information about the
goods to be ordered such as quantity, specifications, prices, time of shipment and
other terms.
ion报盘?: Estimate of how much something will cost
r offer还盘:?New offer made by the original offeree to the original offerer
ion :?Rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansion of money
supply, credit etc
易货贸易:?The direct exchange of goods and services, which is completed in
a short period of time.
r purchase反向购买、互购贸易:?The assumption by an exporter of a
transferable obligation through separate but linked contract to accept as full or partial
payment goods and services from the importer or importing country.
k回购贸易:?An agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment to take
back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial
payment.
ance 汇付:?This method is always employed by the parties who are
familiar with and trust each other
ntary draft跟单汇票:?The draft is accompanied by the relevant
documents.
ntary collection跟单托收:?It is means of ensuring that the goods are only
handed over to the buyer when the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or
when the customer accepts the bill as a contract to pay by a specified date.
draft即期汇票:?The draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the
drawee.
draft远期汇票?Term draft = Tenor draft: The draft is payable at a later
date on presentation to the drawee.
汇票:= Bill of exchange?. It is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer
to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future.
of exchange?—汇票written order drawn by the beneficiary on the bank for the
purpose of payment
ant?(Opener or Principal)申请人: The person who instructs his bank to
issue an LC. (the importer)
ant of an LC?:The importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an
LC
g bank (Issuing bank, Establishing bank)开证行:?The bank that issues the
credit.
g bank:?the bank that issues the letter of credit is called the opening bank .
ciary受益人?:The exporter in whose favor the credit is opened
pondent band往来行、关系行?:The bank in the exporter’s country, which
the opening bank sends the credit to it
ng bank通知行:?The bank in the exporter’s country, which advises the
exporter the LC, is received.
ming bank保兑行:?The bank adds its confirmation to the credit.
bank付款行:?The bank accepts or negotiates the bill of exchange.
ating bank议付行:?The bank buys the exporter’s draft submitted to it under
a credit.
documentary credit跟单信用证:?The credits that require shipping documents
to be presented together with the draft.
ble credit可撤消信用证:?The credits can be altered or even canceled
without consulting with the beneficiary.
cable credit不可撤消信用证?: The credit that can not be amended or
revoked without the consent of al the parties concerned.
med credit保兑信用证:?The credit is confirmed by a bank other than the
issuing bank
irmed credit不保兑信用?：The credit isn’t confirmed by another bank
credit即期信用证:?The credit by which payment can be made upon
presentation of the draft
credit (Term credit, Time credit)远期信用证:?The credit by which
payment cannot be made until a specific date or a specific time after the date of after
sight.
erable credit可转让信用证:?The credit can be transferred by the original
beneficiary to one or more parties.
-transferable credit不可转让信用证:?The credit can not be transferred.
-draft credit无汇票信用证:?The credit that payment of to be made by
presentation of the documents without the formality of drawing and presenting a draft.
ing credit循环信用证:?The credit stipulated that its amount can be
renewed or reinstated without specific amendment to the credit being made.
cial invoice商业发票:?The document is the general description of the
quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price.
holder合法持有人?is an owner of a property who is entitled to it by law
g list装箱单:?The documents gives information such as the number, date,
name and description of the goods, shipping marks, packing, number of packages,
specific contents of each package and its net with and gross weight etc.
ht bill of lading记名提单:?It is made out so that only the named consignee
is entitled to take delivery of the goods under the bill.
carrier公共承运人:?It is privately or publicly owned companies
committed to performing a movement service of the same quality for all shippers on
an equal basis and without discrimination.
ct carrier契约承运人:?Individual contracts may be arranged between
transportation users and carriers (the transportation company).
d被保险人，保户:?The person who transfer risk.
r承保人:?The person or a company who assume risk (the insurance
company, the underwriter).
insurance货物保险:?It is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk
from the shoulders of the exports and importers, and placing it upon the shoulders of
specialist risk-bearing underwriters.
insurance海上保险:?The insurance of ships and their cargoes.
nce保险:?It is a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk
and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who
transferred risk.
quote quotation（汇率）直接标价:?A direct exchange rate is the price of a
foreign currency in terms of the home currency. 1美元=6.8元 外币为基准
ct quote quotation（汇率）间接标价:?An indirect exchange rate is the price
of home currency in terms of a foreign currency.
rate买入价:?It refers to the rate by which a commercial bank buys a
currency.
g rate卖出价:?It is the rate by which a bank sells a currency.
rate中间价?It is the average of the buying rate and the selling rate.
特别提款权:?Special Drawing Right. It is sometimes called paper gold and
used to settle official transaction at the IMF.
-dumping反倾销:?to restrict the export expansion of other countries.
plan : 商业计划 future actions to be taken by a company, concerning products,
production, market, investment, etc.
eral : property or an item of value acceptable as security for a loan or other
obligation.
担保物：被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产
exchange:证券交易市场 a market where stocks and shares are bought and
sold under fixed rules, but at prices determined by supply & demand.
:零售the sale of goods or commodities in small quantities directly to
consumers.
deduction : an expense费用that a taxpayer is allowed to deduct from taxable
income.
:保单 the printed legal document stating the terms of insurance contract
that is issued to the policyholder投保人 by company.
relations :公关 PR, the activity of keeping good relationships between an
organization and the people outside it.
sion : a period of drastic decline in a national or international economy,
characterized by decreasing biz activity, falling prices, and unemployment. 萧条，不
景气：国家（或国 际）经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下
降、失业
deficit :贸易逆差 imports minus exports of goods and services.
surplus:贸易顺差exports minus imports of goods and services.
e of trade 贸易支付差额 the value of country’s exports minus the value of
its imports.
sanction : use of a trade policy as a sanction, most commonly an embargo禁
运 imposed against a country for violating human rights.
reciprocity贸易互惠 : the practice by which governments extend similar
concessions 让步 to each other, as when one gov’t lowers its tariffs or other barriers
impeding its imports in exchange for equivalent concession from a trading partner on
barriers affecting its exports.
e capital : Money made available for investment in innovative enterprises or
research, especially in high technology, in which both the risk of loss and the potential
for profit may be considerable. Also called risk capital
风险资本：投放在富革新精神的企业或研究的资金，尤指用于高科技，其 中亏损
的风险和赢利的潜力可能都会很大也作 risk capital
-up: a biz or undertaking事业 that has recently begun operation.
e sheet 资产负债表, 缩写 B.S.: a financial statement that reports the
assets and equities of a company at a particular time. 一个公司或机构在指定日期的
资产、负债和所有者投资的列表说明
-capitalization资本额的调整the act or process of changing the capital structure
of a company.
market : a place where stocks, bonds, or other securities are bought and sold.
flow : The cash receipts or net income from one or more assets for a given
period, reckoned after taxes and other disbursements, and often used as a measure of
corporate worth.
现金流出量：在特定的一段时间 内来自一项或数项财产，扣除税收和其它支付金
额外所得的现金收入或净收入，常用来衡量公司的价值
-intensive : requiring or having a large expenditure of labor in comparison to
capital.
share : the proportion of total sales volumes of a certain market that a
company captures.
ectual capital : assets or capital in the form of knowledge patent or technology,
etc.
ly traded companies (PTC) : companies whose shares are traded in stock
markets.
ng markets 新兴市场: markets which are newly formed or have just come
into prominence.
lio investment(有价)证券投资: investment in securities such as bonds and
stocks with the aim to earn interest and dividends rather than participate in the
management of companies.
turnover: 库存[商品]周转率the number of times a particular stock of goods
is sold and restocked during a given period of time.
time订货至交货的时间 ：the period of time between the actual ordering of
parts or equipment and the delivery of them.
ships ：A franchise to sell specified items in a certain area.商品代理权：在
某一区域内出售某特定商品的特许权
ic recession : An extended decline in general business activity, typically
three consecutive quarters of falling real gross national product.衰退：经济活动普遍
而持续地衰败，尤指三个连续季度的社会总产品净值的下降
sion : A period of drastic decline in a national or international economy,
characterized by decreasing business activity, falling prices, and unemployment.
ity squeeze流动性逃避: financial pressure caused by shortages of narrowing
economic margins.
e merger(借壳上市) ：it is a special kind of acquisition that enables a private
company to get publicly-listed in a relatively short time period. a reverse merger
occurs when a private company that has strong prospects and is eager to raise
financing buys a publicly-listed shell company(空壳公司)。
90..money market : The trade in short-term, low-risk securities, such as certificates of
deposit and U.S. Treasury notes.短期资金市场：一种短期、低风险的证券经营买卖
市场，如银行存单和美国短期公债。
market：a market, especially securities market, that is going up or expected to
go up.
: The difference between the cost and the selling price of securities or
commodities. 盈余：证券或商品的成本与销售价之间的差额
estate : Land, including all the natural resources and permanent buildings on it.
不动产：土地，包括土地上的所有自然资源和永久性建筑
fund 对冲基金公司：an investment company that uses high-risk techniques,
such as borrowing money and selling short, in an effort to make extraordinary capital
gains.
short : To contract for the sale of securities or commodities one expects to own
at a later date and at more advantageous terms.
卖空：订立合同出售自己在以后的某个时间才会拥有的证券或商品以便获得较有
利的条款
ance承兑 An acceptance credit call for drafts to be drawn at a tenor for
acceptance by the issuing bank or any drawee nawed in the credit.汇票承 兑信用证要
求汇票按规定在一定期限内由开证行或者其他在信用证上签名的收款人来检验。
tion托收entrust banks as intermediaries to collect the money for the goods
委托银行作中间人收取款项
票据a statement of money owed for goods or services; demand payment
tax? 税收 charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of
government; levy a tax on
期权 the right to buy or sell property at an agreed price; the right is
purchased and if it is not exercised by a stated date the money is for feited在外汇交易
中，以契约形式规定的在某一特定日期或在未来某一日期，按规定的价格买（看
涨期权）或卖（看跌期权）特定数量的基础票据权利。
期货A currency future,also FX future or foreign exchange a
futures contract to exchange one currency for another at specified date in the future at
a price(exchange rate 买卖双方约定于未来某一特定日期，以约定价格买卖的约定
数量的商品。
n exchange汇率,外汇price by one currency for other currency;means the
system utilized in financing international payments.一个用于支付国际金融付款的
系统。
break减税，所得税宽减额a tax deduction that is granted in order to encourage
a particular type of commercial activity
ly垄断one seller but many buyers.
lding tax代扣所得税are those imposed by governments on dividend interest
and royalty payments to foreign investors.代扣所得税是政府向国外投资者的股息、
利息和特许权使用费的收入征收的税。
-added tax增值税this tax is typically levied on the value added at each stage
of production每一个产品增加的价值 or distribution
e of payments 国际收支平衡 accounts keep track of both its payments to
and its receipts from other countries.