一氧化二氢恶作剧如何选择定语从句的引导词 非常有用

2020年12月17日发(作者：虞宏正)
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如何选择定语从句的引导词?
*限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，
无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,t hat
等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of whic h；which用于指
物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导 定语从句，替
代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
*非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作
用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省 去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语
从句。关系词不可省略。
一、定语从句的引导词有关系代词who， whom，whose，which，that， as；关系副词
when， where，why。定语从句中引导词的选用主要看先行词在定语从句中 作什么成分或
者是定语从句中缺什么成分。
1．定语从句中缺主语，修饰人时用who ／that，修饰物时用which ／that引导。如：
Is this the factory which ／that makes TV sets？
The man who ／that visited our school is from Australia．
2．从句中缺宾语，修饰人时用 who ／whom ／that或省略引导词；修饰物时用which ／
that或省略引导词。如：
Gone are the days which ／that we spent together in the village．
He is the man who ／whom ／that I think to be worthy of our praise．
3．从句中缺时间状语，用when或介词＋which引导。如：
The day finally came when ／on which I was given a job．
We'll put off the outing until next week，when we won't be so busy．
4．从句中缺地点状语，用where或介词＋which引导。如：
Please put the letter on the desk where ／on which he can easily find it．
5．从句中缺原因状语或先行词是 reason时，引导词用why ／for which ／ that。如：
This is the reason why ／for which ／ that he didn't come to the meeting．
6．从句中缺定语，人和物都用 whose引导。如：
A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan．
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Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black．
7．当先行词是way时，其定语从句的引导词用in which ／that。如：
The way in which ／that he looks at problems is wrong．
二、引导词as可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。
1．在固定词组the same．．．as，such．．．as中，as引导限制性定语从句。如：
He is not such a fool as he looks．
I've bought the same dress as she is wearing．
2．当先行词是整个主句时，可用 as ／which引导非限制性定语从句。引导词as和which
的区别在于：
①as引导的非 限制性定语从句可放于主句前、主句中、主句后，而which引导的非限制性
定语从句一般放于主句后 或句中。
②as常与从句中的know，see， hear，expect等动词连用，也常用于as often happens，
as is often the case（常有的事）等句子中；而which一般不用于以上情况。
③as有“正如”的含义，which没有此含义。如：
As is well known，Shanghai is a big city．
Some of the roads were flooded， which made our journey more difficult．
三、关系代词who，whom，whose， which和as能引导非 限制性定语从句，而that不能；
非限制性定语从句中即使缺宾语，引导词也不能省略；关系副词wh en，where能引导非限
制性定语从句，而why不能。如：

Abraham Lincoln，who led the United States through the Civil War years，was shot on April
14，1865．

四、先行词是物时，其引导词可用 which也可用that，通常情况下二者可互换，但在有些
情况下不能。
1．用which不用that引导定语从句的三种情况：
①非限制性定语从句用which，不用that引导。如：
Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world．
②先行词为that时，为了避免重
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复，定语从句用which不用that引导。如：
That which you borrowed from me wasn't a real diamond necklace．
③介词后用which不用that引导。如：
The method with which you solved the problem is very good．
2．用that不用which的七种情况：
①先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，用 that不用which引导。如：
This is the best place that I have ever visited．
The second question that is asked is why we don't fall off the earth．
②先行词为little，much，all，none，few，（the）one， someth ing，everything，nothing，
anything等不定代词时，用that引导。 如：
There is nothing in the world that can frighten him．
③先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时，用 that引导。如：
He told us about the people and the cities that he had visited．
④先行词前有any，all，no，few，every，some，little， much，（the）very，（the）only，
（the）last等词修饰时，用 that引导。如：
This is the very coat that I need．
Is oxygen the only gas that helps fire burn？
⑤先行词为which时，为了避免重复，用that引导。如：
Which is the book that you bought yesterday？
⑥先行词在从句中作表语时，常用that引导。如：
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be in the 1930's．
⑦当主句是There be．．．句型时，用that引导。
There are two tickets for the film that are for you two．
五、在“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，从句的谓语动词应与复数名词保持一致；当
one前有the only修饰时，从句的谓语动词应与the only one保持一致。如：
He was one of the students who were late for class．
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He was the only one of the students who was late for class．
六、引导词前有介词或短语介词时，修饰人只能用 whom，修饰物只能用which引导。如：

My glasses，without which I was like a blind man， fell to the ground and broke．
The man，by whom the wolf was shot，is called Jackson．

1. who（主格）先行词指人，在定语从句中作主语。Whom（宾语）先行词指人，定
语从句中作宾语。
例句：Is he the man who wants to see you？
He is the man （whom）I saw in the reading room yesterday。（whom作宾语
时可省略）
2. whose 先行词指人或指物，且只作定语，若指物，可与of which互换。
例句：That is a book whose cover（of which the cover）is red。
3. which 先行词指物，在从句中可作主语，宾语。
例句：The bag which is on the desk is mine.
4. that 几乎是万能胶……能代替上述3个引导词，可做主语，宾语。在此不再举例.
that的特殊用法：
A There be句型中用that不用which
B 在不定代词（someth ing，anything，all，few，any等）后用that，不用which
（somet hing后也可用which）
C 先行词有all，every，some，any，only， few或序数词，形容词最高级修饰时，
只用that
D 先行词既指人又指物时，用that
E 先行词被the only，the very，the last修饰时，用that
F 避免关联词重复，用that
G 用作关系副词，修饰表示时间的名词（day ，time ，moment……）that可替
代when
，where，why的先行词是指时间地点和理由的名词，先行词在从句中做状语.
能与 介词+ which互换.


Who
Whom
Which
Whose








能代
能代

能代
人


能代
能代
物
能代

能代

主
能代
能代
能代

宾
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54. The Beatles, __________ many of you are old enough to remember, came from
Liverpool. (2006天津卷)

A. what B. that

C. how D. as

55. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more
people to keep it running, __________ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.
(2006江苏卷)

A. who B. that

C. as D. which

56. Women __________ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance
of having heart disease than those __________ don’t. (2006北京卷)

A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who

C. who; who D. 不填; 不填

57. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house __________ roof is under repair. (2006福建
卷)

A. whose B. which

C. of which D. what

58. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us,
__________ we gave some bells and glasses. (2006湖南卷)

A. to which B. to whom

C. with whom D. with which

59. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students __________ Chinese in the
school, most __________were from Germany. (2006辽宁卷)

A. study; of whom B. study; of them

C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom
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60. We’re just trying to reach a point __________ both sides will sit down together and
talk. (2006山东卷)

A. where B. that

C. when D. which

61. She was educated at BeijingUniversity, __________ she went on to have her
advanced study abroad. (2006陕西卷)

A. after which B. from which

C. from that D. after that

62. I was given three books on cooking, the first __________ I really enjoyed. (2006浙江
卷)

A. of that B. of which

C. that D. which

63. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was,
she had run back in the direction __________ she had come. (2006重庆卷)

A. of which B. by which

C. in which D. from which

64. You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre, __________ is always busy
at the weekend. (2006上海卷)

A. that B. where

C. what D. which

65. Do you have anything to say for yourselves?

—Yes, there’s one point __________ we must insist on. (2006江西卷)

A. why B. where

C. how D.

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66. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, __________ wanted to buy it.
(2007安徽卷)

A. none of them B. both of them

C. none of whom D. neither of whom

67. We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people, most of __________ are
healthy. (2007北京卷)

A. that B. which

C. what D. whom

68. The village has developed a lot __________ we learned farming two years ago. (2007
福建卷)

A. when B. which

C. that D. where

69. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself,
__________ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. (2007湖南卷)

A. who B. which

C. what D. that

70. He was educated at the local high school, __________ he went on to BeijingUniversity.
(2007江苏卷)

A. after which B. after that

C. in which D. in that

71. After graduation she reached a point in her career __________ she had to decide
what to do. (2007江西卷)

A. that B. what

C. which D. where

72. Some pre-school children go to a day-care center, __________ they learn simple
games and songs. (2007全国I)
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A. then B. there

C. while D. where

73. —Where did you get to know her?

—It was on the farm __________ we worked. (2007山东卷)

A. that B. there

C. which D. where

74. The book was written in 1946, __________ the education system has witnessed great
charges. (2007山东卷)

A. when B. during which

C. since then D. since when

75. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases __________ beginners of English fail to use
the language properly. (2007陕西卷)

A. which B. as

C. why D. where

76. It is reported that two schools, __________ are being built in my hometown, will open
next year. (2007四川卷)

A. they both B. which both

C. both of them D. both of which

77. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity __________ sight
matters more than hearing. (2007天津卷)

A. when B. whose

C. which D. where

78. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, __________ used to be poorly run, is now a
successful business. (2007浙江卷)

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A. that B. which

C. who D. where

79. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree __________ they
can be controlled on purpose. (2007重庆卷)

A. with which B. to which

C. of which D. for which

【答案与详解】
1—53 （略）
54. D。as在此引导非限制性定语从句，又如：They often drink tea with the meal, as we do
in China. 他们吃饭时也饮茶，像我们在中国那样。

55. D。which在此引导非限制性定语 从句。注意不能选B，因为that不用于引导非限制性
定语从句; 也不能选A，因为who只用于人; 也不能选C，因为as引导非限制性定语从句时，
它若用作从句的 主语，则其谓语动词通常只能是连系动词。

56. C。两空均填who，引导定语从句。由于两个who在定语从句都是用作主语，所以不能
省略。

57. A。whose引导定语从句，且在定语从句中用作定语，修饰roof，又如：A mental patient
is one whose mind is diseased. 精神病人是脑子有病的人。The girl whose work got the
prize is the youngest in her class. 作品获奖的女孩是她班上年纪最小的。

58. B。to which在此引导非限制性定语从句，其中的to与句中的动词give搭配。

59. D。第一空填现在分词，表示情况在进行; 第二空填of whom，是与most一起构成most
of whom，用以引导定语从句，又如：I have a number of American relatives, most of whom
live in Texas. 我有一些美国亲戚，他们大都住在得克萨斯。

60. A。where引导定语从句，修饰名词a point，相当于in which。注意，在point后接w here
引导的定语从句，是近年来一个值得注意的考点。又如：There’s one point where I’d like your
advice. 有一点我想征求你的意见。We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我
们到了必须改一改的地步。

61. A。after which在此引导非限制性定语从句，相当于and after that。又如：This I did at
nine o’clock, after which I sat reading the paper. 九点时我做这件事，之后我就坐在那里看
报。

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62. B。the first of which相当于and the first of the three books，即指这三本书中的第一本。
又如：I met the fruit-pickers, several of whom ever university students. 我碰到那些摘水果
的人，其中有好几个是大学生。

63. D。from which she had come为修饰the direction的定语从句。其中的介词from与其
后的动词come构成搭配：This is the book from which I got the story. 这就是那本书，从中
我读到这个故事。

64. D。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the shopping centre。

65. D。we must insist on为定语从句，修饰名词one point。引导定语从句的关系代词为that，
因在从句中用作宾语，被省略了。

66. D。由于前面提到的是两个人，故后面只能用表两者的both或neither，据此可排除 A
和C。由于空格前用的是逗号，且没有连词，故只不能选B，而要选D，因为neither of whom
为非限制性定语从句，用以修饰two people。

67. D。由于先行词为so many people，故关系代词只能用whom，而不能用其他三个。

68. D。where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词the village。注意，题中的定语从句与先行
词之间被has developed a lot所分开。

69. B。which在此引导非限制性定语从句，which在定语 从句中用作主语，表示前面所提到
的情况。

70. A。after which中的which指“他在当地一所高中接受教育”，after which的意思就是“在
当地一所高中接受完教育之后(即高中毕业之后)”。

71. D。where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词point(不是career)，又如：We have reached
a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。

72. D。where在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a day-care center。

73. D。where在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the farm。注意不要认为这是强调
句而误选that。

74. D。since when中的when指1946，since when指的是since 1946，即指“自1946年
起”。注意不要误选C，如果将C改为and since then，则可选C。

75. D。where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词cases，where的意思相当于in which。类
例：There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty
一词可用作副词。

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76. D。both of which are being built in my hometown为非限制性定语从句，其中的which
指代前面的two schools。

77. D。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词activity。句意为：那些失聪 的成功舞蹈演员们认
为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。

78. B。which used to be poorly run为非限制性定语从句，其中的which指代前面的China’s
restaurant。

79. B。to which中的which指代前面提到的degree，由于表示“ 在……程度上”时，degree
前面习惯上要搭配介词to，故要选B。又如：To what degree are you interested in
Japanese? 你对日语的兴趣达到了什么程度? At that time politicians were not known to the
degree that they are today. 那时政治家 们并不像今天这样为人所知晓。题干的意思是：人
类与动物面部表情的不同之处在于，人类可以在一定程 度上有意识地控制其表情。