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纹身图案的含义高中英语新高考-改革:从江苏卷走向全国卷(比较分析+应对措施)

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-12-19 16:15
tags:江苏高考改革

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2020年12月19日发(作者:羊文森)
高中英语新高考-改革:从江苏卷走向全国卷(比较分析+应对措施)

全国卷对于 成绩中等考生,尤其是对于英语绝望的考生,是个天大的福音。全
国卷很规矩,不走极端,只要你认真刷 题,然后抓好词汇,效果是立竿见影的,
你会喜欢上英语的,并发出感慨:原来,英语我也是可以考高分 啊。而对于优
秀学生,也不是坏事,因为江苏卷,你无论成绩多好,都要每天刷高大上的题
目, 遇到任务型也是束手无策,全国卷给你一个考满分的机会了,而且还不要
投入太多的精力。未来英语的竞 争,真是分毫必争了。

建议:

抓好词汇,不要太钻,大部分只需要识记的。

抓好阅读完形,我认为,江苏模考卷 的阅读完形可以继续使用的,起点高一点,
不是坏事,我们的目标是高分甚至满分。江苏阅读完形命题技 术上和全国卷一
样的,差别在于选材,文学类的小说文章可以不做了,文学评论可以不做了,
重 点科普文、说明文和记叙文。


语法,要注意多做填空题,把握最最基础的。

做好这三件事,就可以了,其它的题型都是建立它们的基础上,开学后跟着任
课老师 刷刷题就ok了。


首先要分析全国卷和江苏卷的题型区别:

全国卷I和II题型几乎完全一样,就是难度稍微有点差别,因此无须
为此纠结。我们主要分析I卷:
江苏卷和全国卷I完全一样的题型是:
第一大题:听力(30分)
第二大题:阅读(30分)
第三大题:完形(30分)
以上三大题,江苏卷由于分值的原因,听力是20分,完形是20分。

那么全国卷的不同的题型是:
第一、七选五的阅读理解(10分)
第二、语法填空(15分)
第三、短文改错(10分)
第四、写作(25分)

这就意味着,你将和江苏的任务型阅读、单选彻底告别了。但是即使
是一样的题型, 也有差别的。下面我一一说明:

听力,江苏高考一直用全国卷的,所以这块不用分析,但是 此后每道
题就是1.5分了,各位同学的损失价值增加了二分之一,所以还是要
一如既往搞好听 力训练。

阅读理解,江苏的阅读特点就是:文章长,句子长,题材还涉及到文
学评 论、小说、哲学思考,即使科普文,也要搞一些深度分析(例如
人性的角度,经济变化等等),但是全国 卷就比较缓和了,肯定没有
文学评论、小说、哲学类,题材集中在科普文、说明文和记叙文,少
了烧脑的深度分析,譬如今年介绍语言的消失,就是说一下不同的时
间段语言特点。

江苏文章BCD篇词数基本都是:380、450、650;全国卷BCD篇基
本都是:300-35 0之间。

江苏文章由于选材的深度高一些,所以用词的术语就多,看起来概念
多, 这就要考生去理解并记住。

如果撇开长度和话题深度而言,全国卷和江苏卷阅读几乎没有差 别。
现在高考阅读的难度主要在选材上,命题技术上很难看出高下。近年
来,阅读趋向语篇意义 的理解,江苏卷和全国卷几乎保持同步,譬如
推理题、选标题、词义猜测题等都要结合语篇。下面我会结 合例题简
要分析。

先说2018年全国I卷,总结一下:
1、语篇特点非常鲜明
2、命题点都是落在语篇关键句上。
这和江苏命题一样,也是今后的命题方向。
C
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,
but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more
going. When the world was still populated by
hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed
their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some
language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world
had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000
languages between them.

Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down
to become farmers, and their languages too became more
settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade,
industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the
spread of universal compulsory education, especially
globalisation and better communications in the past few
decades, all have caused many languages to disappear,
and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese
are increasingly taking over.

At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The
distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general
rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often
spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often
spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200
languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia
and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea
alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)
of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s
languages are spoken by fewer people than that.

Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close
to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick,
at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),
Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States
(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a
question- mark): none of these seems to have much chance of
survival.

命题者选文严格遵守层次分明的说明文:
开篇说主题:语言在消失:Languages have been coming and
going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has
been less coming and a lot more going.
末段照应:具体的数量的语言在小时:Already well over 400 of the
total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only
a few elderly speakers left.
中间用时间顺序展开:
When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers
Soon afterwards
in the past few decades
At present
命题点是:
28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer
times?
A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected.
本题针对第一个时间节点的语言特征命题,根据:
When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small,
tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of
speech independent of each other.
可知:群居时代,语言各自独立,这就意味着语言种类很多,所以选
B.
这种推理也不是直接看出答案的,需要一种数学转换。

29. Which of the following best explains “dominant”
underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Complex.
C. Powerful.
B. Advanced.
D. Modern.

本题是猜测词义题,在第二个时间点,根据:all have caused many
languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as
English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知
take over和powerful相近。这种题大都一样的思维。选C.

30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000
people at present?
A. About 6,800.
C. About 2,400.
B. About 3,400.
D. About 1,200.
本题也是根据语篇意义,根据首句:At present, the world has about
6,800 languages.结合定位句The median number (中位数) of
speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s
languages are spoken by fewer people than that.就能计算。选B。

31. What is the main idea of the text?
A. New languages will be created.
B. People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C. Human development results in fewer languages.
D. Geography determines language evolution.
主旨大意题,根据语篇的概念,第一句就是大意,说语言的消失,只
有C说到了语言越来越少。

如果说以上还不能完整体现语篇概念,那么D篇更明显了:
We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn
technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a
new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置)
well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the
environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices
consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the
same things.

To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie
Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of
Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for
each product throughout its life – from when its minerals are
mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided
a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early
1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop
computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992.
Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players,
smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before
tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.

As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw
out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and
gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you
have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher.
The average number of electronic devices rose from four per
household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these
old devices – we continue to use them. According to the
analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs
with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy
consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions
(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.

So what’s the solution (解决方案)? The team’s data only went
up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would
happen if consumers replaced old products with new
electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet
for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more
on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs
and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
本篇选材语篇模式:现象——实验分析——解决方式,这和历年江苏
完全一致的:
第一段点明主旨:we keep using our old devices (装置) well
after they go out of style.
第二段开始用实验证明使用旧设备的不利:
先说明实验目的:To figure out how much power these devices
are using,
第三段再说明实验结果:the worst devices with their energy
consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions
(排放) more than doubling
最后一段说解决方式:So what’s the solution (解决方案)?


看命题点:
32. What does the author think of new devices?
A. They are environment- friendly. B. They are no better than
the old.
C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style
quickly.
本题是考查区分作者态度和事实,和江苏考查一样。根据首段的 That’
s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these
outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer
ones that do the same things.可见选A。这个里面也是需要推理的:
旧设备耗费更多的能量,说明新设备耗费的少。


33. Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?
A. To reduce the cost of minerals.
B. To test the life cycle of a product.
C. To update consumers on new technology.
D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
本题考查实验目的,直接根据第二段首句和第三段末句进行推理,选
D。

34. Which of the following uses the least energy?
A. The box-set TV. B. The tablet.
desktop computer.
C. The LCD TV. D. The
细节考查,因为文章列举了很多具体设备的耗费,所以一般都会有一
个细节题。选B.
35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic
devices?
A. Stop using them.
C. Upgrade them.
B. Take them apart.
D. Recycle them.
本题考查解决方案,从replaced old products with new electronics
that serve more than one function可知答案A.


再说2017年全国卷,我做了一个具体分析:

B篇
记叙文的文本分析
1.注意感情的变化。
2.记叙文的语篇模式:开始——发展——高潮(twist)——结局
1.注意感情的变化。
四个地方要关注
副词和状语
虚拟语气
动词
感叹号
2.记叙文的语篇模式:开始——发展——高潮(twist)——结局
开始:examined the chick
发展:construct a nest and anchorit in a tree
高潮:recording of the hungerscreams of
结局:the parents hadresponded to the recordings
具体演化
总写:Trying to ...heartbreaking --> survival is never certain
--> However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.
开始:it seemed fine-->If I could locate the nest, I might have
been able to putit back, but no luck.
发展:The homeowner was very helpful --》this nest safe and
comfortable.--》it quickly calmed down.
高潮:Now all that was needed were theparents, but they
wereabsent. --》they might also encourage our chick to start
calling as well.
结局:A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits
ofnature smile on us all! --》looking healthy and active--》
greatest sight of all — LUNCH! --》The parents had donetheir
duty and would probably continue to do so.
语篇模式把握的好处:
快速把握文章大意;
有利于文本分析
命题技巧探索
一、从题干的分析:
总写:24. What is unavoidablein the author’s rescue work
according to paragraph 1?
开始:25. Why was the author called to Muttontown?
发展: made the chick calm down?
结局.
How would the author feel about the outcome of the event
?
1.按段的顺序出题
2.题干本身透露了事物发展的框架内容
二、选项的特点:
1、Efforts made in vain.
原句:survival is never certain.
干扰项特点:
原句:Trying to help injured,displaced or sick creatures
Getting injured in his work(混淆角色)
Feeling uncertain about his future(混淆角色)
Creatures forced out of their homes(无中生有)
2、To look at a baby owl
原句:I got a rescue call from a woman inMuttontown. She had
found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground.
Isaw...I examined
干扰项特点:
A. To rescue a woman. (混淆角色)
B. To take care of a woman.(混淆角色)
D. To cure a young owl. (动词过度加深)
3、A.A new nest.
原句:I placed the chick in the nest, andit quickly calmed down.
干扰项特点:
B. Some food. (混淆角色:事情过程混淆)
C. A recording.(混淆角色:事情过程混淆)
D. Its parents. (混淆角色:事情过程混淆)
4、It’s beautiful.
原句:However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.
thechick in the nest looking healthy and active.
the greatest sight of all
干扰项特点:
’s unexpected. (曲解)
C. It’s humorous.(曲解)
D. It’s discouraging.(曲解)
C篇
介绍事件类的说明文的文本分析
本文模式:主题解释类,即:主题——解释(两个原因)——结论
具体如下:
第1段:主题(现象):
阅读关键词:抓住路标词:目的关系,让步转折关系
to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day--》to raise
awareness of jazz music, its significance, and itspotential as a
unifying(联合) voice across cultures
这也是题眼:28. Why did UNESCO setApril 30 as International
Jazz Day?
第2、3、4段:原因1——the jazz audience continues to shrink and
grow older,failedto connect with younger generations. (推测:
Jazz开始不受欢迎了)
3、4论证:
Moranhopes to...
What I’m hoping to accomplish is that...
第5段:原因2——Moransays entertainment aspect of the music
has beenlost.
题眼:30. What can we infer about Moran’sopinion on jazz?
第6段:总结: Sometimes we lose sightthat the music has a
wider context, so I want tocontinue those dialogues. Those are
the things I want to foster.
题眼:31. Which of the following can bethe best title for the
text?
命题技巧探索
题干的设问成线性:
did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?
can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?
命题技巧总结:
正确选项为同义转述;错误选项在于混淆事实和观点,具体为:角色
混淆、概念混淆。
分析:(只挑选代表性的选项)
did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?
A. To remember the birthof jazz. (角色混淆,这个是针对Some of
the world’s most famousmusicians recently gathered)
B. To protect culturaldiversity.(混淆概念,原文:its potential as
aunifying(联合) voice across cultures)
C. To encourage peopleto study music. (混淆概念,原文:raise
awareness of jazzmusic)
D. To recognize the value of jazz. (原句: to raise awareness of
jazz music, its significance, and its potential asa unifying(联合)
voice across cultures.)
does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer
to?
C. Jazz being less popular with the young. (同义转述:continues
to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed toconnect
with younger generations.)
can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?
原文:“The music can’t be presented todaythe way it was in
1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way
theworld works is not the same,” says Moran.
C. It should keep up with the times.(同义转述)
changes every 50 years.(曲解)
D篇
介绍概念性说明文的文本分析
语篇模式:概念介绍——功能、性质、方法——应用或评价
第1段:主题——介绍概念:A build-it-yourselfsolar still
主题句:A build-it- yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best
ways to obtain drinking water in areas where theliquid is not
readily available.
作者主观感情:
Unfortunately,you must carry the necessary equipment with
you,since it’s all but impossible to find naturalsubstitutes.--》
Theonly components required,though, are...
针对题目:32. What do we know about the solarstill equipment
from the first paragraph?
第2、3段:介绍过程
Toconstruct a working still, usea sharp stick or rock to dig a
hole four feet across and three feetdeep.
Next, cover the hole with the plasticsheet, securing the edges
of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’scenter down
with a rock.
’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?

第4段:补充介绍应用型结果
横向延伸:江苏省的同类语篇模式:(D篇)
概念(适应气候)——具体解释——5个例子 ——总结
第1、2段:二氧化碳排放在继续,带来人类适应气候变化的挑战。
第1段:介绍climate adaptation的概念。
提示:注意so even...,Here ...examples的衔接词,它们既是主旨,
又引出下文。
第2段:具体解释climate adaptation。
提示:注意but, nevertheless语篇衔接词,前者引出主旨,后者引
出下文的some actions。
第3、4、5、6、7段分别介绍了适应气候变化的例子。
第8段:总结:适应气候变化。
提示:语篇衔接词but的一句非常关键,是主题句。最后after all是
感情色彩词,引出作者的感慨。
命题技巧探索
细节题比较多,但是此题迷惑性比较大:
do we know about the solar still equipment from the
first paragraph?
’s complex.(混淆事实和观点:Theonly components
required) .
’s portable.(同义转述:you must carry the
necessaryequipment with you)


其它角度考虑
一、从词汇的角度考虑
1、词汇用法很活,不走寻常路
2、涉及高中的词汇很多,有120个
A篇
pick up a wonderful s
cience activity
feed your mind
seasonal specials
be available to
inspiring a passion
lifelong learning
community event
generous support
souvenir
exhibit
offer
smile on
rescue
organization
injured
displaced
creature
awareness
significance
potential
Despite
audience
shrink
obtain
liquid
readily
available
collector
equipment
substitute
component
required
slightly
milky
plastic
heartbreaking fail to
survival
carrier
safety
construct
connect
generation
artistic
adviser
calmed down widen
menu
snack
option
Pushchair
wheelchair
technology
serve
amazing
accomplishment
achieve
individual
corporation
various
B篇
locate the nest
anchor it in a tree
advertise the presence
of chicks to adults



absent
homeowner
recording
scream
information
accessible
preserve
appetite
accomplish
reconsider
tube
container
fold
pack
fasten
construct
sharp
headed home actually
nervous
spirits
respond
active
accompany
C篇

kind of
as much as
digital
entertainment stick
aspect
present
emotion
gain
insight
abstract
dig
productivity
sheet
securing
edges
dirt
angle
create
collect
material
suck
refreshment
concert music lose sight
musician
annual
International


foster
D篇
weight down
break down
solar
从长难句的理解:
D篇
Next, cover the hole with the plasticsheet, securing the edges
of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’scenter down
with a rock.
--》What’s the last step ofconstructing a working solar still?
Groundwater evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet
untilsmall drops of water form, run down the material and fall
off into the cup.
--》When a solar still works, drops of water come into thecup from .



完形填空,体现在长度缩小了,全国卷长度290-300,江苏卷 在350
左右。其它命题没有区别。难度的缩小就在于,全国卷要在有限的空
间里体现语篇的关 联性,考生容易搜索到相关句。就干扰项而言,对
词汇的考查还是差不多的。

再看不同点吧:

七选五阅读:这个是根据语篇结构和细节来做题的。一般来说,只要
刷题多的话,不难。
例如今年的:
Or are you just looking for a place torelax after a long
day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you
want it to feel.
看准前面说look for,后面说the key,可以断定答案:er
you’re looking for。
大部分都是这样的题目,只要心细,都不是难题,江苏考生要有信心
拿满分。


语法填空题,大部分题没有难度,但小部分是有难度的,例如词性转
换,但是对于江 苏考生,经历过任务型的蘑=地狱模式的历练,这样
的题目顶多错两个就不得了了。

According to a review of evidencein a medical journal,
runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don’
t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the may
drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk
of 63 (die)early by running.
While runningregularlycan’t make you live forever, the
review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening
life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of
thereview also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a
mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart
diseaseand early deaths from all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But
otherwise … it’s probablyrunning. To avoid knee pain, you can
run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg
muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running g
is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time
poor, you need run for only half thetime to get the same
benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a
try.

大致分析一下;
61题,直接根据than...可以判断这是比较急longer
62题,难度有点,考查不定式表目的,to see
63题,介词后跟doing,所以dying
64题,时态题,根据前面的says,定下这里is
65题,根据前面more effective,定下这里by。这题有些难度,因为
考生可能填写by.
66题,考查定语从句,that或which,难度小。
67题,考查单复数,all causes.
68题,考查词性转换,这道题看起来难,但是对于江苏学生,呵呵了,
任务 型阅读中这样的题目是送分题,秒杀strengthen。
69题,和上面一样,energetic.
70题,give it a try


然后说改错题,先看答案,你就明白这种题看似简单,其实做满分也
不容 易的。考生要对语法的冠词,时态要清楚,不过都是最基础的了。
我估计,一般学生都能拿到7-8分。 如果练个100来篇,成就一个纠
错大内高手,满分也容易。



最后说写作,2018年的题目是这样的:
假定你是李华,你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中 国朋友家做客,发邮
件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件,内容包括:
1.到达时间;
2.合适的礼物;
3.餐桌礼仪。

注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
是不是感觉和江苏 中考题目一样?其实比中考题目都简单。但是,简
单好写,不代表能写好啊?能把简单的事情做好需要一 定的智慧的。
这样的题目,很容易写出一样的句子,如何才能在千万篇作文里显出
特色,是考生 要思考的,我认为:
第一、绝对的无错。这样的作文谈不上什么思维发散了,就是翻译吧。
第二、符合应用文的文体特点。我知道江苏考生写论说文习惯了,最
怕你把应用文搞成论说文。
第三、出色就在于你能否用到地道的词块了,尤其是话题词块。譬如
餐桌礼仪方面的用词,涉及 到文化习俗,起码介绍几个礼仪。
总之,在有限的要求里,你需要找到让自己的词块能飞起来的机会,
这里就是餐桌礼仪了。
最后总结:
全国卷对于成绩中等考生,尤其是对于英语绝望的考生,是个天大的
福音 。全国卷很规矩,不走极端,只要你认真刷题,然后抓好词汇,
效果是立竿见影的,你会喜欢上英语的, 并发出感慨:原来,英语我
也是可以考高分啊。而对于优秀学生,也不是坏事,因为江苏卷,你
无论成绩多好,都要每天刷高大上的题目,遇到任务型也是束手无策,
全国卷给你一个考满分的机会了, 而且还不要投入太多的精力。

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