十一旅游团意大利罗马大斗兽场 英文介绍

2020年12月20日发(作者：蒋大经)
Roman Colosseum 意大利罗马大斗兽场
The Colosseum or Flavian Amphitheater was begun by Vespasian, inaugurated
by Titus in 80 A.D. and completed by Domitian. Located on marshy land
between the Esquiline and Caelian Hills, it was the first permanent amphitheater
to be built in Rome. Its monumental size and grandeur as well as its practical
and efficient organization for producing spectacles and controlling the large
crowds make it one of the great architectural monuments achieved by the
ancient Romans.

The amphitheater is a vast ellipse with tiers of seating for 50,000 spectators
around a central elliptical arena. Below the wooden arena floor, there was a
complex set of rooms and passageways for wild beasts and other provisions for
staging the spectacles. Eighty walls radiate from the arena and support vaults
for passageways, stairways and the tiers of seats. At the outer edge
circumferential arcades link each level and the stairways between levels.

The three tiers of arcades are faced by three-quarter columns and
entablatures, Doric in the first story, Ionic in the second, and Corinthian in the
third. Above them is an attic story with Corinthian pilasters and small square
window openings in alternate bays. At the top brackets and sockets carry the
masts from which the velarium, a canopy for shade, was suspended.

The construction utilized a careful combination of types: concrete for the
foundations, travertine for the piers and arcades, tufa infill between piers for the
walls of the lower two levels, and brick-faced concrete used for the upper levels
and for most of the vaults.

Details

The Colosseum was designed to hold 50,000 spectators, and it had
approximately eighty entrances so crowds could arrive and leave easily and
quickly.

The plan is a vast ellipse, measuring externally 188 m x 156 m (615 ft x 510
ft), with the base of the building covering about 6 acres. Vaults span between
eighty radial walls to support tiers of seating and for passageways and stairs.

The facade of three tiers of arches and an attic story is about 48.5 m (158
ft) tall — roughly equivalent to a 12-15 story building.