2017感动中国下英语知识点总结

2020年12月21日发(作者：左宗申)
Unit 1 What’s the matter
一、基础知识
1. What’ s the matter 怎么啦出什么事情了
What’ s the matter with you= What’s the trouble with
you = What’ s wrong with you 你怎么了
【注】： matter 和trouble 为名词， 其前可加the 或形
容词性物主代词，wrong 是adj. 不能加the
2. have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒
have a fever 发烧 have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache
胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache
头疼
3. much too+ 形容词，意为 太...... ，
too much+名词，意为 很多，大量 。
4. enough【形容、副词】足够的地，enough放在名前后，
形副后。good enough足够好，enough money=much money
5. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，
过去式lied
6. maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。
Maybe you are right.
may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后
加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.
sound like+名词代词和从句：
idea.
agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei.
12. trouble问题，麻烦 ；be in trouble遇到麻烦，make
trouble 制造麻烦 ，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have
difficulties (in) doing sth做......有麻烦。
13. right away=right now=at once，意为 马上 。
14. advice [不可数名词]劝告，建议，向…征求意见，
give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议；
advise [动词] advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
exercise 练习、锻炼
当exercise意为“练习”时，为可数名词 即可加s
当exercise意为“锻炼”时，为不可数名词 即不加s
15. be used to sth. doing sth.习惯于、适应了……、
做某事，强调状态；His grandpa was used to country life.
Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.
16. run out用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew
that he would have to do something to save his own life.
物sth. run out. 某物用尽了。
人sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。He run out of all
his money last night.
17. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a
risk=take risks 冒险
It sounds like you don’t know the truth. 18. the importance of (doing) sth. （做）某事的重要性
It sounds like a good idea.
sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice.
7. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；
need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主
动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.
8. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车
11. agree 同意，赞同；
agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that
We students should know the importance of
(learning) English.
importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，
a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。
20. be in the control of …掌管，管理 The headmaster
is in the control of this new school.
be out of control无法控制，无法管理
be under control被控制住，在控制之中
doing sth. 介意做某事 ,
Would you mind my opening the window
27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing)
computer games；
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks
(sb.) up（让某人）变得高兴；振奋起来The good news
doing sth. 试着去做某事 try to do sth. 尽力去
做某事 try one’s best (to do sth.) 尽某人最大的努
力去做某事
worried about sb. sth. = worry about sb. sth.
担心某人、某事
11. have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in)
cheered up everyone in our class.
2. give out分发；散发，相当于hand out，
The teacher is giving out handing out the test
papers.
give sth. out to sb. 意为 把某物分发给某
人 。
3. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
4. alone：独自一人的，无感情色彩：指人The musician
enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself.
lonely （感到）孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做
表语或定语。指内心孤独The lonely boy is not lonely now.
5. care for .照顾；照料……
6. such “这样的，这种，如此”，用于修饰名词
such+ a an+形容词+单数名词：such a good day 多么
美好的一天 such an exciting match 多么 精彩的
比赛
such+形容词+复数名词不可数名词：such important
decisions 多么重要的建议 such delicious food 多
么美味的食物
如果名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时，只能用
so，而不用such：so many sick children so little time
7. try out for…参加…选拔，争取成为…try out试用，
试验
8. be busy with sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 be busy doing
sth. 忙于（做）什么事情
doing sth. 做某事有困难
12. fix up修理=repair
Unit3 Could you please clean your room
you please take out the trash 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了
吗
Could you please do sth 请你（做）......好吗 用于提
出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委
婉。
Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用
can.
【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure. Of course.
problem. 否定回答： Sorry , I can’t
2、take out 取出（v+ adv）
take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away
拿走，取走take back 收回take place 发生 take off 脱
下起飞
take a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照
顾 take off 脱下；起飞 take up 占据 take down 拿
下 take one’s time 不急；慢慢来 take one’s
temperature 量体温
the dishes 洗碗
least 至少；at most 至少，不超过
doing sth 做完某事
6. For one week , she did not do any housework and
neither did I. 一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不
做。
neither +助动词系动词情态动词 +主语 “某人（主语）
也不”
⑴ neither两者都不
neither …nor… 既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语，谓语
动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student
12. try v 试图，设法，努力
(1)try on 试穿
(2) try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】
(3) try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】
(4)try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth
尽某人最大努力做某事
⑵ 表达“…也不……” 则用
“Neither Nor + be V助 V情 + 主”
—The first one wasn’t bad. — Neither was the
second.
7. find 用法：find → found →found v寻找
(1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事
(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很……
◆find it difficult hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难
8. to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise
吃惊地 be surprised at 对……感到吃惊
9. need ,must 引导的一般疑问句肯定会的用must,否定回
答用needn’t
— Must I go there now — Yes，you mustNo, you
needn’t
分享；共用 share sth 分享或共用某物 share
sth with sb. 与某人分享某物
11. borrow lendkeep
(1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，尤指主语“【借进来”】
borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物 You can borrow
the book from the library.
(2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配 【指借出去】
lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人He doesn’t
want to lend his book to others.
(3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的
状语连用）【指借一段时间】
13 Could I ask you to help me with some chores then
那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗
短语 含义
ask sb. to do sth 请某人做某事
ask sb. not to do sth 不让某人做某事
ask sb for sth 向某人要某物
ask for help 寻求帮助
14. help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做
某事
I invite my friends to a party
我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗
（1）invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事
(2)invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地
16. have time =be free 有空
waste of 浪费 a waste of time 浪费时间
18. spendpaycosttake 花费
(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人
◆ sb.+ spend +时间钱+on sth
◆sb. +spend +时间钱+（in） doing sth
(2) pay →paid →paid v 支付，主语是人
◆sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the
book.
(3) cost→ cost→ cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事
◆sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱
(4)take→took → taken v 花费
◆It takes took sb. some time to do sth.
做某事花费某人多长时间
It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.
19. in order to “目的是；为了” 后接动词原形。
in order to do sth 为了做某事
20 get on well with sb.与某人相处得好
21. getgo to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相关：(be
asleep睡着) be awake 醒着
22. provide v 提供 provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供
某物
provid
e
为应急等做好准备而“提供； 供
给”
provide sb. with sth. =provide
sth for sb.提供某人某物
offer 侧重表示“愿意给予”
offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.对某人提
供某物 offer to do sth 主动提出干某事
supply 定期“供应” , 强调替代或补充所需物品
Supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb. 为
某人提供某物
23. depend on 依靠；信赖
( on ) doing sth 继续做某事 He was in great pain but
he kept on working
25. take care of 照顾= look after
+ 比较级， the + 比较级 “越...... 越...... ”
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents
don’t you talk to your parents 你为什么不和你打父
母谈谈呢
Why don't you do sth = Why not do sth 为什么不......
呢
用于提建议的句型有：


(1)What about doing sth =How about doing sth ….怎
么样
(2)Why don’t you do sth= Why not do sth 为什么不呢
(3)Let’s do sth.让我们一起做某事吧。
(4)had better donot do sth 最好做不做某事
(5) WillWould you please do sth 请你做…好吗
(6) Would you like to do sth 你想去做某事吗
(7)Would you mind doing sth你介意做某事吗
v 允许
allow doing sth 允许做某事 They don’t allow
smoking.
allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事My mother allows me
to watch TV.
be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事

3. look through 浏览 look the same
4. angry adj. 生气的→ angrily adv. 生气地
(1)be angry with sb. =be mad at sb. 对某人生气【with
后接人】
(2)be angry atabout sth对某事感到生气 【at后接事】
(3)be angry to do sth 做某事感到生气
5. although= though 尽管 , 用来引导让步状语从句。
注 :though although 不能与but连用
6. hope v 希望
●hope to do sth I hope to visit Guilin.
hope + that 从句 （表示希望）
I hope that you’ll be better soon
●wish v 希望 wish to do sth I wish to visit
Guilin.
wish do sth 希望某人做某事 I wish you to go.
wish +that 从句 表示愿望，
7. work out 解决；成功地发展
8. argue 争吵
argue with sb. 与某人争吵 argue with sb. about sth
为某事与某人争吵 argue about sth 争论某事
argue against 争辩；反对 He argued against the plan
9. hang out 闲逛；常去某处 He likes reading and he
(1)compare…with… 把……与…..做比较
(2) compare…to… 把…..比做……
21. be good for 对….有益处（反） be bad for对…有
害处
be good at +ndoing=do well in +ndoing 擅长于做某事
often hangs out in the bookshop.
10 refuse to do sth拒绝去做某事
11. instead 代替，反而，替
(1) instead 副词，代替，常放在句首或句尾,表示前面
的事情没做，而做了后面的事情。
Lee was ill so I went instead.李病了，所以我去了。
(2) instead of +ndoing 代替，而不是，放在句中
instead of 为介词短语，+N. pron. v-ing
12. worry about = be worried about 为……担心
13. compete v竞争；对抗 → competition n 竞争
compete with sb. 和某人竞争compete against with
与……竞争compete for 为……参加比赛
14. in one’s opinion 以某人的观点；在某人看来
15. some time sometimesome timessometimes
【口诀】：分开是一段， 合起是某时；
分开s 是倍次，合起s是有时
16. typical 典型的 be typical of “是……的特点”
17. succeed in doing sth
18. send→ sent → sent v 发送
send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物
19. all kinds of 各种各样的
【拓展】kind (1) n 种类
kind of +adj.有点，有几分，kind of cold 有点冷 a kind
of 一种的，某种的 all kinds of 各种各样的
different kinds of 不同种类的 What kind of…那种
A with B 将A和B 比较
be good to sb. =be kind to =be friendly to sb.对某人
友好
22. be crazy about 对……着迷；热衷于……
I’m crazy about football.
23. Does Cathy Taylor think it’s important for kids
to join after-school activities凯西. 泰勒认为对于孩
子们而言参加课文活动重要吗
It’s + adj.(easy,difficult,important,necessary)
+(for sb.) to do sth
24. keep on doing 继续做某事
25. so that引导的目的状语从句
so that是连词，意为“为的是，以便”，引导目的状语从
句。
Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came
1. pick up 接电话

接电话 Tom, I called you, but you didn’t
pick
捡起；拾起 I pick up a wallet on my way home
up
开车接某I will pick you up at the station
人
学到；获得 He was picking up the skills quickl
2. fall asleep 进入梦乡；睡着
【拓展】sleep asleep 辨析：
(1) sleep =be in bed v 睡觉，指睡的动作状态，
(2) get to sleep =fall asleep 入睡，强调进入睡眠的状
态
(3)go to bed 上床睡觉，强调睡觉的动作。

3. die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失
3. join 加入；参加
【辨析】joinjoin intake part in
(1) join=be a member of 参加 ,指加入某种组织，并成为
其中的一员。
join the army party 入伍 党 join the club 加
入俱乐部
◆ join in 后接活动名称
◆ join sb. 加入到某个人群之中
(2) take part in 参加 ，指加入群体活动中并在活动中发
挥重要作用。
4. the rest of … “其余的，剩下的” ,做主语时，其谓
语动词的数要与the rest of 修饰的名词一致。
The rest of meat goes bad.
The rest of workers are still working hard.
4. ⑴remember to do sth记得去做某事（此事还未做）
⑵remember doing sth记得做过某事（此事已做完）
5. hear sb. do sth听见某人做某事；
hear sb. doing sth听见某人正在做某事
6. hear about意为“听说”，=hear of，后面接词或短语。
I have heard aboutof the story before. 我以前就听
说过这个故事。

7. trouble n 困难； 苦恼； 忧虑
⑴in trouble 处于困境中
get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入困境
⑵What's the trouble with you = What’s the matter with
you = Wha’t wrong with you 你怎么啦
⑶have trouble （in）doing sth 做某事有麻烦
Unit6 An old man tried to move the mountains.
引导条件状语从句
unless = if … not “除非，若不”
They will go tomorrow unless it rains.= They will go
tomorrow if it doesn’t rains.
2. so.......that引导结果状语从句
3. take away 把……带走
4.(1) remind of 提醒，使记起
(2) remind sb. of sth 使某人记起某事
(3) remind sb. to do sth提醒某人去做某事 (4) remind
sb. + that从句
5. agree with sb. 同意某人（
6. ⑴another “ 另一个； 另外的” ,
指三种或三种以上的另一个。
This coat is too small, please show me another one.
⑵ others “另一些” , 和some对比使用时，无“其他”
之意。 Some students are singing ; others are dancing.
⑶ the others “其余的” , 指在一个范围内的其他全部。
Lisa is taller than the others in our class.
⑷the other “另一个” , 指两者中的另一个。
I have two sister, one is a teacher, the other is a
doctor.
7. neither 两者都不（反）both两者都
“neither of +名词复数” 作主语时，谓语动词常用单数
形式
8. be born 出生 通常用于一般过去时
⑴ be born in +月份年份 地点 在……月年 地方出
生
My brother was born in Hong Kong.
⑵ be born on + 具体的某天 在……出生
He was born on a cold morning.
9. turn … into … 把……变成……；把……译成……
turn on 打开 could you turn on the light, please
turn off 关掉（煤气，水，电，收音机，电视机等） One.... The other ... （两者中）一个......， 另一
turn down关小
10. be become interested in+doing … 对……感兴
趣
11. fit 适合，合身
suit 合
适
fit 适
合
12. a couple of 两三个
13. get married 结婚 to sb.
14. make a plan for 为……制定计划
plan to do sth 计划做某事= plan on doing sth
15. lead 带路；领路
lead to 导致......， 通向...... All roads lead
to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。
lead sb. to do sth 带领某人做某事
Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world
elephant weights many times more than this panda. 这
头大象的重量是这只熊猫的很多倍
weigh v 称……的重量 → weight n 重量
time ①“是......的几倍”
侧重指颜色、款式或时间，食物、
状况等适合
侧重指大小、尺寸合体。
个........
the others=the other +复数名词
the other的复数形式是the others “其他东西，其余的
人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的（人或物）”。
some... others一些，另一些
Some boys are reading; others are listening to the
radio. 有些孩子在阅读,有些则在听收音机。
⑴less是little（小；少）的比较级： He spends less time
(in) doing experiments. 他做实验花时间较少。
⑵“less+形容词或副词”构成劣等比较，作“较不…”，“更
不…”解。
It is less cold than it was yesterday. 天气不如昨
天那样冷。
【拓展】not less than + 基数词表示不下于；至少；不
止
no less than + 基数词表示达......之多（言其多）
There are not less than 40 students in this class. 这
个班级至少有40个学生。
4. prepare…for… 为……准备……
1). prepare sth.表示准备......，后接名词或代词作宾
语。
主语 + 数词 + times + as +形容词+ as +被比较的内容
Our English teacher was preparing the lessons when I
Our new school is four times as big as the old one.
②“次数” 一次 once 两次 twice 三次及三次以
上 ：基数词 + times three times 三次 three or four
times 三到四次
2. at birth 出生时
give birth ( to sb sth) 生孩子；产仔
3. the other 其他的 （指两个事物或两个人中的“另一个”，
后接名词时，表示“其他的人或物”；
came into the office.我进办公室时，我们的英语老师在
备课。
2). prepare to do sth.表示准备做......。
They were preparing to cross the river when it began
to rain. 他们正准备过河，突然下雨了。
3). prepare for sth.表示为......做准备。
from 死于 die v“死”表示生命的结束→ dead adj
死的→death n 死亡
●常用短语
⑴ die from + 外因 “死于……”，主要指事故等方面的
外部原因。

ill
Father
far


Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet
1. have a fight with 和......打了一架
2. abroad 用法：表示到（在）国外，
是一个副词，前面不加介词。
go abroad 出国 live abroad 住在国外
at home and abroad 在国内外
3. on the radio 在收音机里；通过无线广播
介词on 表示 “ 以......方式”
4. ever since 自从……以来
ever since 自从……以
ever since 作连词时=since, ever起强调作用 ,
主句常用现在完成时.
I haven’t heard from him since last year. =I haven’
t heard from him ever since last year.
5. Sth belongs to sb = sth is sb’s The yellow car
belongs to Mr. Smith = The yellow car is Mr. Smith’s.
6. be kind to 对……友好= be friendly to
kind of “有点儿，有几分”相当于a little 或a bit
a kind of “一种”
最高级
best
most
least
thousands of成千上万的million n 百万 millions of成
old eldest
百万的
worst
(1)当million 前面有具体的数字时，用单数形式
all kinds of “各种各样的”
different kinds of“不同种类的”
what kind of ….的种类(用来询问事物的类别)
7 hundred n 百 hundreds of 数以百的 thousand n 千
farthest
furthest
die from a traffic accident 死于交通事故
The old man died from a car accident last year. 这
个老人去年死于一场车祸
die of + 内因 主要指疾病、衰老、情感等自身原因
.6 fall down 跌倒
7. be excited about 对……感到激动
to one’s excitement 使某人兴奋的是
8. spend … (in) doing 花时间做某事
9. ⑴less是little（小；少）的比较级：
He spends less time (in) doing experiments. 他做实验
花时间较少。
⑵“less+形容词或副词”构成劣等比较，作“较不…”，“更
不…”解。
It is less cold than it was yesterday. 天气不如昨
天那样冷。
【拓展】not less than + 基数词表示不下于；至少；不
止
no less than + 基数词表示达......之多（言其多）
There are not less than 40 students in this class. 这
个班级至少有40个学生。
10. 二、不规则变化
原级 比较级
goodwell better
manymuch more
little
old
badbadly
less
old elder
worse
(2)当million 后与of 连用时用复数形式， millions of
是数百万的意思，前面不能加数词


8. the number of
⑴ the number of 表示“……的数目” ，后跟名词复数或
代词，其后的谓语动词用单数。
⑵a number of 表示“大量的，许多” ，后跟复数名词，
【拓展】in danger 在危险中 in trouble在困境中
in silence 在沉默中 in good health 在好的健康状
态中A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情
5. no more not … anymore 强调数量和程度“不再增
加” , 与非延续性动词连用
no longer ;not... any longer不再 强调时间或动作“不
再延续” , 与延续性动词连用
其后谓语动词用复数。
现在完成时：主语 havehas + done
1.过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或
从过去已经开始，持 续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：
recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years,
already ,yet ,never ,ever, just, before, so far ,once,
twice etc. 3.与时间段连用时，短暂性动词应改为相应
的延续性动词。
go out----be out finish-----be over leave
----be away from buy ----have borrow lend
-----keep
open ---be open close--- be closed die---dead
startbegin ----be on join—--be in be a member of
be a soldier become –be make friend ---be friend
get up ---be up fall asleep ---be asleep catch a
cold – have a cold reachgetarrive---staybe
，※since 自从
Since +从句（一般过去时），主句用现在完成时 He has
studied very hard since he came to our school.
※For+时间段，表示某事持续了多长时间
can also give old things away to people in need. 你
也能捐赠旧东西给那些需要的人们。
in need 需要；需求
6. check out 查看；观察
7. grow up 成长 （常用于指人或动物）
with 与……分开；失去（尤指舍不得的东西）
9. as for 至于；关于 （后跟名词、代词或动名词）
10. for a while 一会儿
o with 处理；对付（某人或某物）
deal with 处理 与how 连用
He taught me how to deal with pressure.
do with 处理 与what 连用
I don’t know what to do with these letters.