德伦特国际商务英语阅读短句翻译

2020年12月22日发(作者：纪复亨)
Homework 1

1.用这样或那样的方式对进口进行限制
to restrict on imports in one way or another

2.减少对商品和服务的自由流动的限制
reducing restrictions on the flow of goods and services

3.世界贸易组织的贸易制度可追溯到半个多世纪以前
The trading system of WTO can be dated back almost half a century ago.

4.为国际商业活动建立一个繁荣的多边贸易制度
to establish a prosperous multilateral trading system for international commerce

5.成功地削减关税并且几乎消除了配额的“肯尼迪回合”


6.受到欧盟等国的贸易保护主义者政策的歧视
be discriminated against by protectionist policies such as those of the EU members

7.由世界上大多数贸易国协商而成并签署的世界贸易组织协议
agreements negotiated and signed by most of the world's trading nations

8.依据WTO协议中的规定的争端解决程序采取行动
initiate actions under a dispute settlement process spelled out under one of the WTO agreements

9.争执的双方和有利害关系的第三方之间的磋商
consultation between the disputing members and interested third-parties

10.超出WTO协议中所存在的在贸易条件方面的让步
trade concessions over and above those already available trading terms under the WTO agreements

11.以低于合理价格在他国销售商品
sell the goods in other countries at a lower than reasonable price

12.诸如出口补贴以及为了获得市场以低于成本的价格倾销产品这种不公正的行为
unfair behaviours such as export subsides and dumping products in order to get the market to the price lower than the
cost

13.将生产分布在全球的不同区域
distribute the production over the different areas of the world

14.生产的最优化分配
the optimization allocation of production


Homework 2

1.在违约的情形下: in the event of default
2.有法律约束力的合同: a legally binding agreement
3.以双方观点一致为基础的协议：an agreement on the basis of the same opinion of the two parties
4.进行建设项目的投标：make bids on construction projects
5.依据招标书中的书面要求：pursuant to written guidelines called specifications
6.通过受约人的接受使要约转变为协议
to transform an offer into an agreement by acceptance of an offeree

7.规定受要约人的发货或付款等行为
stipulate the offeree's shipment of goods or payment of money

8.由要约人向受要约人表示的要约
offer made by the offeror to the offeree

9.具有法定的签约能力
have legal capacity to enter into a contract

10.法院判定心智不健全的人
persons adjudged by a court of law to be mentally incompetent

11.联合国国际货物销售合同公约
CISG: the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods

12.要约人：offeror
13.要约邀请：be invited by an offer
14.普通法、案例法、习惯法：Common Law
15.大陆法、成文法：Civil law
16.法律意义上的行为能力：legal capacity


Homework 3

1.通过消除传统的金融和技术障碍来建立一个内部没有国界的欧洲
work toward the creation of a
barriers that traditionally have restrained trade among these nations

2.在不经过成员国国家立法机构的认可或介入的情况下直接对成员国的公民发生作用
affect citizens of member-nations directly without the intervention or approval of the national legislatures of the
member-nations

3.通过共同关税和针对非成员国的贸易政策以追求经济贸易的增长
the pursuit of trade and economic growth via a common customs tariff and trade policy toward non-member countries

4.为旨在促进欧盟经济平衡发展和一体化进程而进行的资本投资提供贷款
provide loans for capital investment promoting the Union's balanced economic development and integration


Homework 4

1.卖方在他自己的工厂或仓库将货物交给买方
The seller hands the goods over to the buyer puts the goods at the disposal of the buyer at his own premises or
warehouse.
2.装船和启运后发生的事件所引起的货物的灭失或损坏
the loss of or damage to the goods due to events arising after shipment and dispatch

3.负担将货物运至目的地国家所需的一切费用和风险
to bear to be responsible for all risks and costs that are involved in bringing the goods to the country of destination

4.当货物在指定装运港越过船舷时即完成交货
to deliver to complete delivery when the goods passes the ship's rail at the named port of shipment

5.按CIF术语由卖方订立保险合同并支付保险费
The CIF terms Under CIF on CIF bases, the seller is to contract for marine insurance and pay the insurance
premium.


6.请报最低的CIF上海价格，说明装运期及付款条件
Please quote your lowest CIF Shanghai price.
Please quote us your lowest price on CIF Shanghai basis, with particulars regarding indicating specifying date of
shipment and terms.


Homework 6

1.交付依据信用证条款所制作的单证
the surrender of documents made out in compliance with the terms and conditions of the credit

2.向银行申请开立以出口商为收益人的不可撤销的跟单信用证
to apply to the bank for the issue of an irrevocable documentary letter of credit in favour of the exporter

3.向银行出示信用证并连同所需的各种单证
to present to the bank the letter of credit together with the required documents

4.补偿议付行所付出的款项，并连同实际发生的费用
to reimburse compensate the negotiating bank for the amount claimed including fees charged and out-of-pocket
money paid by the negotiating bank (incidental charges)

5.收益人出示汇票并连同相伴的单据以便进行议付或付款
The beneficiary presents his draft together with the accompanying documents for negotiation or for payment.

6.取决于开证行与申请开证人之间就信用证问题所作出的安排
depending on the existing credit arrangement between the issuing bank and the applicant

7.开立以卖方为收益人的信用证
issue the credit favouring the seller

8.开证行与申请人就信用证事宜所达成的安排
the credit arrangement between the issuing bank and the applicant

9.开出供开证行或信用证中所指定的其他被开票人进行承兑的期票
to draw a draft at a tenor for acceptance by the issuing bank or any other drawee named in the credit

10.授权收益人将信用证的全部或部分款项转让给他人
to authorize the beneficiary to transfer a part or the whole of the benefit of the credit to someone else


Homework 7

1.外汇是指以外币表示的可以用来进行国际结算的支付手段。
Foreign exchange refers to the tools of financing international payment denominated in foreign currencies.

2.外汇汇率是用一个国家的货币折算成另一国家的货币的比价。
Foreign exchange rate refers to the ratio at which the currency of one country is converted to that of another.

3.直接标价法是指以一定单位的外国货币为基准来计 算应付多少本国货币的标价方法。直接标价法下，外国
货币的数额是一个不变量，而本国货币的数额是一 个可变量。
Direct quoting method is one under which a fixed amount of foreign currency can be converted into a variable amount
of local currency. Under direct quoting method, the rate is quoted in terms of a variable amount of local currency per
fixed unit of foreign currency.

4.远期汇率与即期汇率之间的差额叫远期差价，用“升水”，“贴水”和“平价”表示。
The differential between the forward rate and the spot rate is called forward spread, denominated by premium,
discount and par.

5.现汇交易是指在成交后当日或两个工作日内履行合约，办理现汇的收付。
Spot transaction refers to one where the settlement and delivery of currencies take place on the date when the
transaction is concluded struck or within two business days.

6.期货交易是指在成交时双方签订合约，并在预约期限到期时进行交割。
Forward transaction refers to one where the two dealers sign a contract for delivery of currency at some date agreed
upon in the future.

7.掉期交易是指同时买进和卖出同一种货币、相同金额、不同交割期限的交易合约。
The swap transactions refer to the simultaneous buying and selling of the same amounts of the same currency for
different maturities.