福州科技馆英语中祈使句的用法

2020年12月22日发(作者：虞澹涵)
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龙文教育学科教师辅导讲义（第 讲）
学生姓名：
课 题
教学目标
祈使句
祈使句的学习
祈使句的反义疑问句；
１.考查祈使句的肯定式、否定式及其反义疑问句；
２.考查祈使句的回答；
教学内容
祈使句
一.祈使句的句式特征 < br>祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根
据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求
或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态
的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。例如：
Keep off the grass! 勿踩草地！
Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。
1. 肯定的祈使句
（1）动词原形+其他
Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。
（2）Be + adj.
Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 当心！
（3）Let's + 动词原形
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Let’s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。
2. 否定的祈使句
(1) Don't + 动词原形 Never + 动词原形
Don't stand up. 别站起来。
Don't be careless. 别粗心。
Don't let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。
(2) Let's ( let sb. ) + not + 动词原形
Let's not say anything about it. 对于这件事，咱们什么也别说。
Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。
3.祈使句的反意疑问句
(1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或won't you。
Please open the door, will won’t you 请把门打开，好吗
(2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。
Don't be late again, will you 别再迟到了，行不行
(3) 以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we。
Let's turn on the TV, shall we 我们把电视打开，好吗
<特别注意> 只有以let's开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shall we，而let us 开头的祈
使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或won't you.如：Let us stay here, will won't you
请（你）让我们留在这好吗
4.在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用『No＋名词V- ing形式』结构，表示『禁止做某事』。例
如：NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照！
5.祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用wi ll或won’t。在回答具有
否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是『形式一致』，即Yes与wi ll保持一致；No与won’t保持
一致。二是『意思相反』，即Yes是『不』的意思；No是『是 』的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下
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文语境中所提供的条件。例如：
--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside.
请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。
---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.
不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。
6.祈使句与陈述句的并列使用
祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。例如：
Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.
把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。
Hurry up, or we’ll be late.
快点，否则我们要迟到了。
七.祈使句与条件状语从句的连用
祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如：
Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow.
如果他明天来这儿的话，叫他给我来个电话。
八.祈使句的强调形式
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祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。例如：
Do shut up! 快住口！
九.特殊形式的祈使句
在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形 来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个
带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当 祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：
More water and the young trees couldn’t have died. ＝If you had given them more water, the
young trees couldn’t have died.
如果你给那些小树多浇点水，他们就不会死了。
十.运用祈使句的误区
祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。在平时的练习或测试中，如果稍不留神，就
会 出错。因此，要认真审题，认真分析句子结构，并根据上下文语境，作出正确判断。例如：
___________ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.
A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check
析：如果空白处选填B(Check)项，则视为祈使句，但后一分句前没有 并列连接词and连接；如选A或
D项(分词或不定式)，句中逻辑主语some spelling mistakes又不能执行这个动作，故均不符合句子
结构。因此，只有C项(条件状语从句)符合句 子结构及句意。
祈使句考题集锦（1）

一、单项选择
1. The TV is too loud. Please________.
A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turn down it D. to turn down it
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2. _______ late again, Bill!
A. Don't to be B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not
3. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.
A. Not B. Won't C. Doesn't D. Don't
4. Please help me carry it, ______
A. will I B. will you C. shall I D. shall we
5. Don't make so much noise, ______
A. will you B. won't you C. shall we D. do you
6. Do you know the girl ______under the tree
A. stand B. to stand C. standing D. stood
7. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.
A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing
8. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.
A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell
9. I've kept the dog _______Maomao for a long time.
A. Name B. named C. naming D. to name
10. Don't you know that _______ is good for our health
A. swim B. swimming C. swam D. swims

二、句型转换
11. Will you please read it again more slowly （改为祈使句）
_____ _____ again more slowly, please.
12. If you don't listen to me, I'll go. （改为同义句）
_____ _____ me, or I’ll go.
13. Let's watch the sports games. （改为反意疑问句）
Let's watch the sports games, _____ _____
14. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. （改为祈使句）
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_____ _____careless, please.
15. Please sit next to Nancy. （改为否定句）
_____ _____ next to Nancy.
16. Don't forget to turn off the lights, please. （改为反意疑问句）
Don't forget to turn off the lights, _____ _____
17. If you move, you'll die. （改为同义句）
_____ _____, or you'll die.
18. Come to my house tomorrow. （改为反意疑问句）
Come to my house tomorrow, _____ _____
19. 这是一个坏了的被子。 （翻译句子）
This is a ______ ______.
20. 让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。 （翻译句子）
Let’s go and help the _____ _____, please.

参考答案
1-5. ABDBA 6-10. CADBB
11. Read it 12. Listen to 13. shall we 14. Don’t be 15. Don’t sit
16. will you 17. Don’t move 18. will won’t you 19. broken glass cup 20. crying
girl

祈使句考题集锦（2）
一、将以下祈使句改为否定式：
1. Come here early.
2. Ask him.
3. Please wait for her.
4. Read the book carefully.
5. Sit under the tree, please.
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6. Let’s go there together.

二、选择最佳答案填空：
1. If you are tired, ______ a rest.
A. have B. having C. to
have D. had
2. ______ me go. It is very important for me.
A. Do let B. let do C.
Doing let D. To do let
3. He is not honest. ______ believe him.
A. Not B. Don’t
C. To not D. Not to
4. If you want to stay, let me know, ______？
A. will you B. shall we C. do
you D. do we
5. Never come late again, ______
A. will you B. won’t C. do
you D. does he
6. _____ up early tomorrow, or you can’t catch the train.
A. Getting B. Get C. To
get D. Got
7. _____ in the street. It’s dangerous.
A. Not play B. Not to play C. Don’t
play D. Don’t to play
8. Please ______ me some money, will you？
A. lend B. lending
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C. to lend D. be lend
9. The film is about to begin. Please ______ seated.
A. be B. are
C. is D. being
10. _____ the boxes. You may use them later.
A. Keep B. Keeping C. To
keep D. Kept

祈使句考题集锦（3）
I. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. It’s an important meeting. __________ (not, be) late.
2. ____________ (not, make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.
3. ____________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and ____________ (be) polite.
4. ____________ (not, talk) and ____________ (read) aloud.
5. ____________ (not, leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.
6. ____________ (look) out! A car is coming.
7. ____________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.
8. ____________ (not, let) the baby cry.
9. Wear more clothes or you ____________ (catch) a cold.
10. Let’s ____________ (not, say) anything about it.

II. 选择填空
( )1 .Her doctor said: “________ work so hard”
A Stop B Don’t C Can’t D No
( )2. Sindy, ________ to be here at 8 o’clock
A is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure
( ) when you cross the road.
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A Do care B Care C Do be careful D To be careful
( ) 4. ________him the secret, will you
A Don’t tell B Not to tell C Not telling D No telling
( ) 5. ________ in bed. It’s bad for your eyes.
A Not to read B Don’t read C Don’t to read D Not read
( ) 6. ________ Your child. We’ll look after him.
A Not to worry about B Don’t worry about
C Not worry for D Don’t worry with
( ) are very tired. Why ________ have a rest
A not they B do not they C don’t they D not to
( ) 8 --You look rather tired. ________ stopping to have a rest
-- All right.
A Why not B How about C Why not to D why don’t
( ) 9 ______ tell a lie.
A Hardly B Not C No D Never
( ) 10. Please ________ look outside. Look at the blackboard.
A not B don’t C aren’t D can’t
( ) 11. Why don’t you join us in the game
A What not B Why not C Why to D How to
( ) 12 ______ go for the book alone, Ms Zhang.
A Let’s B Let me C Let us D Allow
( ) 13 John, read the text for us,________
A does he B will he C do you D will you
( ) 14. Let’s do it at once, ________
A shall we B will you C do we D do you
( ) 15. Let us do it at once, ________
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A shall we B will you C do we D do you

将下列汉语翻译成英语。
1. 请照看好您的包。 ___________________.
2. 让我们去学校吧! ___________________!
3. 亲爱的,高兴点儿! ___________________!
4. 不要把书放这儿。 ___________________.
5. 不要让猫进来。 ___________________.



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