许愿卡感恩节的由来英文

2020年12月23日发(作者：孙美兰)
感恩节的由来英文
Thanksgiving Day in America is a time to offer
thanks, of family gatherings and holiday meals. Atime
of turkeys, stuffing, and pumpkin pie. A time for Indian
corn, holidayparades and giant balloons.
在美国，感恩节是一 个感谢恩赐，家庭团聚，合家欢宴
的日子;是一个家家餐桌上都有火鸡、填料、南瓜馅饼的日
子 ;是一个充满了印第安玉米、假日游行和巨型气球的日子。
The Pilgrims who sailed tothis country aboard the
Mayflower were originally members of the
EnglishSeparatist Church (a Puritan sect)。 They had
earlier fled their home in England and sailed to Holland
(The Netherlands) to escape religiouspersecution.
There, they enjoyed more religious tolerance, but they
eventuallybecame disenchanted with the Dutch way of
life, thinking it ungodly. Seeking abetter life, the
Separatists negotiated with a London stock company to
financea pilgrimage to America. Most of those making
the trip aboard the Mayflowerwere non-Separatists, but
were hired to protect the company's interests.
Onlyabout one-third of the original colonists were
Separatists.
乘 “五月花”来到这个国度的旅行者(朝圣者) 原本是
英国分离者地下教会清教徒，他们的家在英国，因不堪忍受
国内的宗教迫害，他们逃亡到 荷兰。在荷兰，他们享受了更
多的宗教信仰自由，但最终却意识到在荷兰的这种生活方式
是对他 们的主的亵渎。为了寻求更好的生活，他们与伦敦贸
易公司协商，由该公司资助他们到美国。在这趟旅途 中，船
上只有大约13的乘客是清教徒，其他大多数人并非分离派
清教徒，而是公司雇佣来保护 其利益的人员(契约奴)。
The Pilgrims set ground at Plymouth Rock onDecember
11, 1620. Their first winter was devastating. At the
beginning of thefollowing fall, they had lost 46 of the
original 102 who sailed on theMayflower. But the
harvest of 1621 was a bountiful one. And the
remainingcolonists decided to celebrate with a feast
including 91 Indians who had helped the Pilgrims
survive their first year. Itis believed that the
Pilgrims would not have made it through the year
withoutthe help of the natives. The feast was more of
a traditional English harvestfestival than a true
“thanksgiving” observance. It lasted three days.
1620年 12月11日，旅行者们在“普利茅斯石”登陆。
他们的第一个 冬季是灾难性的，第二年秋天来临时，原来的
102名乘客只剩下56人。但1621年他们获得了大丰 收，这
些幸存的殖民者们决定和帮助他们度过困难的91名印第安
人一起飨宴庆祝。他们相信， 若没有当地居民的帮助，他们
是不可能度过这一年的。这次节日的盛宴不仅仅是一个“感
恩”仪 式，它更像英国传统的丰收庆典。庆典持续了三天。
Governor William Bradford sent “four men fowling”
after wild ducks andgeese. It is not certain that wild
turkey was part of their feast. However, itis certain
that they had venison. The term “turkey” was used by
the Pilgrims to mean any sort of wild fowl.
总督布雷德福派了“四人捕鸟队”去捕捉野鸭和野鹅。< br>我们现在并不能确定是否有野生火鸡在当时的筵席上，但筵
席上肯定有鹿肉。当时，朝圣者用“火 鸡”一词来代表各种
野禽。
Another modern staple at almost every
Thanksgivingtable is pumpkin pie. But it is unlikely
that the first feast included thattreat. The supply of
flour had been long diminished, so there was no bread
orpastries of any kind. However, they did eat boiled
pumpkin, and they produced atype of fried bread from
their corn crop. There was also no milk, cider,potatoes,
or butter. There was no domestic cattle for dairy
products, and thenewly-discovered potato was still
considered by many Europeans to be the feast did
include fish, berries, watercress, lobster, dried
fruit,clams, venison, and plums.
现在，几乎每家感恩节餐桌上都有南瓜馅饼感恩节的另
一种主食。但在当年 的第一次庆典上却不可能有这种食品。
因为面粉奇缺，所以面包、馅饼、糕点等食物都没有。但他
们却吃了煮南瓜，并用收获的玉米制成了一种油炸面包。也
没有牛奶、苹果酒、土豆和黄油。没有驯养 的奶牛，自然没
有牛奶;而新发现的土豆被很多欧洲人认为是有毒的。第一
次庆典上有鱼、草莓 、豆瓣菜、龙虾、干果、蛤、鹿肉、李
子等。
This “thanksgiving” feast was not repeated the
following year. But in 1623, during asevere drought,
the pilgrims gathered in a prayer service, praying for
a long, steady rain followed the very next day, Governor
Bradfordproclaimed another day of Thanksgiving, again
inviting their Indian friends. Itwasn't until June of
1676 that another Day of Thanksgiving was proclaimed.
紧接着的第二年(1622)却没有举行“感恩”庆典。到了
1623年，发生了一场严重的旱灾，朝圣 者们聚集到一起，举
行了虔诚的祁雨仪式，刚好在第二天，一场充沛的大雨从天
而降。威廉布雷 德福总督宣布再次庆祝感恩节，并再次邀请
了他们的印第安朋友。之后数年无感恩节，直到1676年6
月，感恩节才再次被提出。
On June 20, 1676, the governing council
ofCharlestown, Massachusetts, held a meeting to
determine how best to expressthanks for the good
fortune that had seen their community securely
unanimous vote they instructed Edward Rawson, the clerk,
to proclaim June 29as a day of thanksgiving. It is
notable that this thanksgiving celebrationprobably did
not include the Indians, as the celebration was meant
partly to bein recognition of the colonists' recent
victory over the “heathen natives,”
1676年 6月20日，马萨诸塞州的查尔斯顿政府委员会
召开了一次会议，讨论如何才 能最好表达对主的谢意：主赐
予他们好运，庇佑他们安全地建立了他们的邦联。经过意见
不统一 的投票，由书记爱德华。劳森宣布6月29日为当年
的感恩节。值得注意的是，因此次庆典在一定程度上 是殖民
者对战胜“野蛮的土著人”的庆祝，故印第安人极有可能未
参加此次庆典。
October of 1777 marked the first time that all
13colonies joined in a thanksgiving celebration. It
also commemorated thepatriotic victory over the
British at Saratoga. But it was a one-time affair.
1777年10月，13个殖民地第一次联合举 办了感恩节庆
典，这也是对萨拉托加一役中战胜英国人所取得的爱国主义
的胜利的纪念。但只举 行了这一年。
George Washington proclaimed a National Day
ofThanksgiving in 1789, although some were opposed to
it. There was discord amongthe colonies, many feeling
the hardships of a few Pilgrims did not warrant
anational holiday. And later, President Thomas
Jefferson scoffed at the idea ofhaving a day of
thanksgiving.
1789年，尽管出现反对的呼声，华盛顿总统还是宣布感
恩节为全国性节日。在殖民地中也存在意见的分歧，不少人
认为，仅仅一小撮朝圣者所经历的那 些艰难困苦并不值得用
一个全国节日来纪念。之后，杰弗逊总统还对这件事嗤之以
鼻。
It was Sarah Josepha Hale, a magazine editor,whose
efforts eventually led to what we recognize as
Thanksgiving. Hale wrotemany editorials championing
her cause in her Boston Ladies' Magazine, andlater, in
Godey's Lady's Book. Finally, after a 40-year campaign
of writingeditorials and letters to governors and
presidents, Hale's obsession became areality when, in
1863, President Lincoln proclaimed the last Thursday
inNovember as a national day of Thanksgiving.
若没有萨拉J 黑尔一位杂志编辑的努力，最终就不会有我们现在所谓的感恩节。在她主编的“波士顿妇女杂志”及
稍后的“Godey's 女士手册”中 ，她撰写了大量的社论，支
持将感恩节定为全国性节日。40年中，她坚持不懈地发表评
论，不 断致信州长乃至总统，最后，理想终于变为现实：1863
年，林肯总统发表声明，将11月的最后一个 星期四定为感
恩节一个全国性的节日。

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