花开花落自有时2020届上海市闵行区高三下学期二模英语试题-(带答案解析)

2020年12月26日发(作者：孙纯一)
2020届上海市闵行区高三下学期二模
英语试题
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent
and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the
proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A brief history of Chopsticks.
We’ve discussed the story of knife and fork, but there’s another set of utensils(
器皿
)
used by billions of people around the world—and it has a truly ancient past. The Chinese
have been wielding chopsticks since at least 1200 B
．
C
．
, and by A
．
D
．
500 chopsticks
1
．
(sweep) the Asian continent from Vietnam to Japan. From their humble beginnings
2
．
cooking utensils to paper-wrapped bamboo sets at the sushi counter, there's more to
chopsticks than meets the eye.
Chopsticks 3
．
(develop) about 5000 years ago in China. The 4
．
(early) versions
were probably twigs used to get food from cooking pots. When resources became scare,
around 400 B
．
C
．
,crafty chefs figured out 5
．
to conserve fuel by chopping food into smaller
pieces that required less cooking fuel, and besides, it could be cooked more quickly. This new
method of cooking made it unnecessary to have knives at the dinner table—a practice that
also matched the non-violent teachings of Confucius (
孔

子
)
，
6
．
expressed in one of his
numerous quotations:“ the honorable and upright man keeps well away from both the
slaughterhouse(
屠宰房
) and the kitchen. And he allows no knives on his table.” As a
vegetarian, he believed that knives’ sharp points evoked(
诱

发
) violence 7
．
(kill) the
happy, contented mood that should reign during meals. Thanks in part to his teachings,
chopstick use quickly became widespread throughout Asia.
Different cultures adopted different chopstick styles. Perhaps in a nod to Confucius,
Chinese chopsticks featured a blunt rather than pointed end. In Japan, chopsticks were 8
inches long for men and 7 inches long for women. In 1878 the Japanese became the first
8
．
(create) the now- ubiquitous disposable set, typically made of bamboo or wood. Wealthy
diners could eat with ivory, jade, coral, brass or agate versions, while the most privileged used
silver sets. It was believed that the silver would corrode and turn black 9
．
it came into
contact with poisoned food.
Throughout history, chopsticks have enjoyed a symbiotic relationship with another staple
试卷第1页，总12页
of Asian cuisine: rice. At first glance, you'd think that rice wouldn't make the cut, but in Asia
most rice is of the short- or medium-grain variety. The starches(
淀粉质食品
) in these rices
create a cooked product that is gummy and clumpy, unlike the fluffy and distinct grains of
Western long- grain rice. 10
．
chopsticks come together to lift steaming bundles of sticky rice,
it's a match made in heaven.

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be
used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

The “Penny Black”, the first postage stamp issued in Britain and, more importantly, the
first postage stamp issued anywhere, 11
．
the image of Queen Victoria, but the first British
postal service didn’t originate in Victoria England. In 1860, William Dockwra started a public
service that 12
．
the quick delivery of a letter anywhere in London. His system was quickly
13
．
with Dockwra in charge. It was far from a perfect system, 14
．
with seemingly
improper charges that made it unreasonably expensive to send a letter. Worse still, recipients
were expected to pay. As you might imagine, this 15
．
some problems—either people weren’t
home or flat—out refused to pay. The system just didn’t work, but it remained in place for far
too long.
About 50 years later, to do better, Rolland Hill argued for putting an end to the postal
charges and replacing them with a single national rate of one penny, which would be paid by
the sender. When the post office ignored Hill’s ideas, he self-published his essay and it
quickly gained 16
．
among the public. Hill was then ordered by Postmaster General Lord
Lichfield to discuss postal reform and ,during their subsequent meetings, the two men
conceived of a gluy 17
．
that could be applied to the envelops to indicate payment. Though it
had gained support with the public who longed for a affordably way to connect with distant
friends and family, officials were still not convinced. Thankfully, Hill was far from alone in
his passion for reform. He eventually earned enough support from other like- minded
individuals to convince Parliament to 18
．
his system.
In 1839, Hill held a competition to design all the postal facility. The winning stamp
19
．
describing the young queen’s profile came from one William Wyon, who based the
design on a medal he created to celebrate his first visit to London.
试卷第2页，总12页
The“Penny Black”stamp went on sale on May 1, 1840. It was an immediate
20
．
Suddenly, the country seemed a lot smaller. The penny black’s design was so well
received that it remained in use for forty year.

The term “staycation” means vacations that you take at home or near your home
rather than traveling to another place. It is is closely connected with less pollution, saving
money and not contributing to the overwhelming disorder that takes place in some of the
world's most touristic areas.
The concept of staycation was born at the time of the 2008 market 21 in the
United States.
Because of it, many households were forced to 22 their expenses and
consequently limit their vacation budget. The shortage of money to travel abroad is at the
origin of why many people started to (re) discover their most 23 surroundings
At the same time, awareness of the 24 impacts of tourism, especially on what
concerns the impacts of transportation, started to increase too. And so did the perception
that some of the main cities (abroad) are increasingly overloaded with people-- with places
such as Barcelona, Venice, or the Seychelles planning on 25 a tourist cap.
Staycation appears like a great solution for the 26 above mentioned. It is a great
way of spending joyful vacations while helping one's 27 and the environment.
28 , staying close to home eliminates the budget for accommodation and transport.
Apart from the financial 29 gained by leaving behind expensive plane tickets or
by not booking hotel rooms that aren't cheap, staycation also has the benefit of keeping
harmful 30 in the ground. Cars, boats, and planes are not (or are less) used;
31 , other means of transport such as public transport, bicycles, electric scooters or just
walking are favored.
This allows people's carbon footprints not to 32 as much as they would if long
distances had been traveled.
A staycation is a form of alternative tourism that is fully in line with the slow tourism
trend. Slow tourism invites you to live in the 33 moment. It encourages you to take
your time, discover nearby landscapes, reconnect and spend more time outdoors in nature
with the people you enjoy, There are no fully-booked days, and there is no 34 to go
from one activity to another just to stay busy all the time.
试卷第3页，总12页
Given the multiple 35 of local tourism, you no longer have a reason to be
embarrassed at the coffee machine at work when you are asked where you are going on
vacation this year.
21
．
A
．
value
22
．
A
．
restrict
23
．
A
．
cheerful
24
．
A
．
limited
25
．
A
．
introducing
26
．
A
．
challenges
27
．
A
．
voyage
28
．
A
．
In addition
29
．
A
．
services
30
．
A
．
emissions
31
．
A
．
therefore
32
．
A
．
last
33
．
A
．
historic
34
．
A
．
good
35
．
A
．
advantages

Brooke Martin’s golden retriever(
金毛猎犬
) Kayla hated being left alone or separated. She
would howl, pace, and chew on things. Brooke learned that other people had the same
problem with their pets. She wondered: ―What if you could talk to your dog if you were
gone?
Working with her father in their garage, the 16-year-old came up with several ideas. Finally,
she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets! She calls the
device iCPooch. ―The dog doesn’t have to answer the call,explains Brooke. ―It comes up
immediately on the screen on their end. It’s a two-way audio and video—you can see and
hear each a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat!
Her invention has earned her a spot competing against nine other finalists in a young scientist
competition for middle-school students. These finalists, selected based on their short video
presentations, are working with mentors over the summer before heading to the final
competition in St. Paul, Minn.
试卷第4页，总12页
B
．
sector
B
．
bear
B
．
immediate
B
．
financial
B
．
stopping
B
．
assessment
B
．
mind
B
．
For example
B
．
advice
B
．
exposure
B
．
instead
B
．
fall
B
．
present
B
．
harm
B
．
challenges
C
．
crisis
C
．
avoid
C
．
polluted
C
．
cultural
C
．
postponing
C
．
tasks
C
．
pocket
C
．
In fact
C
．
resources
C
．
vehicles
C
．
however
C
．
increase
C
．
critical
C
．
blame
C
．
platforms
D
．
shares
D
．
meet
D
．
attractive
D
．
environmental
D
．
raising
D
．
applications
D
．
hometown
D
．
On the contrary
D
．
savings
D
．
strategies
D
．
moreover
D
．
change
D
．
climatic
D
．
rush
D
．
themes
After Martin’s video put her among the 10 finalists in the Discovery Education 3M Young
Scientist Challenge, she was paired with Delony Langer-Anderson, a product development
scientist in 3M’s consumer health care division. ―I just lead her down the product
development path,Langer-Anderson told Live Science. This path includes guidance on how to
test the potential product, which combines a video chat device that answers immediately on
the dog’s end with a dog treat device the owner can remotely activate.
One thing I have thought about a lot is, what happens if while the device is on the floor, what
if your dog knocks it over, or scratches the screen? Martin said. She and Langer-Anderson
discussed this, and Martin is now testing materials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the
dog house floors to see how well they withstand sharp teeth and claws.
The finalists create models they can test, with the guidance from a mentor. Their projects
include a fuel cell that transforms cut grass into electricity and an app that rewards drivers for
not texting or calling. Langer- Anderson tries to help the students work through the scientific
method, testing their hypothesis, in a determined way, ―so the kids don’t get buried in
said.
36
．
Which of the following would be the best title of the text?
A
．
“iCPooch” wins in a young scientist competition.
B
．
A 16-year-old girl invents a device for dog hunger.
C
．
A man-made device lets people chat with their pets.
D
．
A kid-invented device calm dogs’ separation anxiety.
37
．
“iCPooch”calms pet dogs by ________.
A
．
allowing video chat
B
．
making dogs sleep
C
．
answering the call
D
．
giving them food
38
．
What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “mentor”
A
．
competitor B
．
assistant C
．
instructor D
．
companion
39
．
What do the inventions of the finalists have in common?
A
．
They are all new inventions dealing with pets.
B
．
They are possible solutions to everyday problems.
C
．
They cope with the problems related to computers.
D
．
They are all accomplished through individual work.
试卷第5页，总12页

This is What a REAL Silver Dollar Looks Like
If you trust in the yen, the euro,
and the dollar...stop reading.
Because this is a story about
the sliver coin EVERYBODY wants.
You read the know that troubled economic times have put global currency on a
rollercoaster(
过山车
) millions have found a smarter way to build long-term value
with high-grade collectable right now, those people are lining up to secure some of
the last 2012 U
．
Silver Eagles, America's Newest Silver Eagle Dollars. Today, you can
graduate to the front of that now and you can own these brilliant uncirculated Silver
Dollars for only $$38.95!
You Can't Afford to Lose
Why are we releasing(
发行
) this silver dollar for such a remarkable price? Because we want
to introduce you to what hundreds of thousands of smart collectors and satisfied customers
have known since 1984—New York Mint is the place to find the world's finest high-grade
's why we're offering you this Brilliant Uncirculated 2012 U
．
Eagle for as
little as $$37.45(plus sh)
．

Timing is Everything
Our advice? Keep this to e the more people who know about this offer, the
worse it is for for Silver Eagles in 2011 broke s predict that 2012
Silver Eagles may break them all over to rapid changes in the price of silver, prices
may be higher or lower and are subject to(
受
……
影响
) change without es are
immediately to add these Silver Eagles to your holdings before it's too late.

Offer Limited to 40 per household
2012 American Silver Eagle Coin
Your cost 1-4 Coins $$38.95 each
＋
sh
5-9 Coins $$38.45 each
＋
sh
试卷第6页，总12页
10-19 Coins $$37.95 each
＋
sh
20-40 Coins $$37.45 each
＋
sh
Note
：
$$10 sh(shipping and handling) for each purchase
For fastest service, call toll-free 24 hours a day
1-888-201-7143
Offer Code(
代码
) ASE177-04
Please mention this code when you call.

New York Mint
14101 Southcross Drive W
．
04
，
177-
Burnsville, Minnesota 55337

40
．
What is stressed in the ad?
A
．
The coin is of high quality and worth collecting.
B
．
The coin can be circulated as a currency.
C
．
Limited supplies guarantee a stable price of the coin.
D
．
Demand for the coin is bound to break records.
41
．
If you buy six 2012 U
．
Silver Eagles by post, you should pay at least ________.
A
．
$$230.7 B
．
$$233.7 C
．
$$240.7 D
．
$$243.7
42
．
The ad strongly encourages people to purchase the silver coins by ________.
A
．
shopping online
B
．
making a phone call
C
．
lining up in front of the stores
D
．
writing to the company

The dream of the flying car could come down to earth soon as several start-ups like
Chinese EHANG and Uber are developing so- called “passenger drones(
无人
机
)”—self- flying drones big enough to ferry individual commuters around town—which
could shrink commute(
上下班往返
) times from hours to minutes.
At first glance, human-carrying drones sound no more realistic than flying cars. Until
recently inventors had never been able to marry automobiles and aircraft in a practical way.
Yet a few companies have kept at it: Woburn, for example, has since 2006 been developing
试卷第7页，总12页
Transition, a “roadable aircraft” that resembles a small airplane that can fold its wings and
drive on roads. A personal flying car in every garage has proved to be a tough sell, however,
as there are serious safety concerns about asking the average commuter to train for a pilot’s
license and take to the skies.
Passenger drones, by contrast, would operate autonomously and leave the “roadable”
part behind in favor of larger versions of aircraft that already exist. Passenger drone designs
favor “distributed electric propulsion(
推进
),” meaning instead of one large rotor powered by
a large engine they have multiple propellers each powered by its own, smaller motor. This
sacrifices lifting power and flight performance in exchange for mechanical simplicity and
lighter weight—factors that could make them cheaper to operate. Quieter electric power
would make the noise tolerable to city residents, although it remains to be seen how much
weight such a vehicle could lift, and for how long.
With any of these vehicles, safety is the biggest concern and extends to both the aircraft
and the automated systems flying them. Advanced artificial intelligence is needed to fly large
numbers of autonomous aircraft without crashing them into one another or, say, the local
news channel’s traffic helicopter. Carrying people from points A to B seems simple enough,
but even the best AI struggles with surprises: What, for example, would a drone do if a
landing area suddenly became unavailable? asks Sanjiv Singh, a Carnegie Mellon University
robotics researcher. Instead of leaping to fully automated passenger drones, he suggests first
testing the necessary AI in unmanned cargo(
货物
)runs, and adopting a “mixed mode”
approach in early passenger services where pilots are assisted by AI co- pilots.
Technical challenges aside, start-ups promoting the technology will have to find a way to
convince the public to give their drones a whirl, something that requires a much bigger leap
of faith than getting into the backseat of a self-driving car. Passenger drone makers are
“obviously still in the incubation(
孵化
) stages of technology development and improving the
basics,” says Mike Hirschberg, executive director of the American Helicopter Society
International. “But 20 or 30 years from now life may be a little like The Jetsons where you
take advantage of the third dimension and have much more mobility, especially in urban close
quarters where ground transportation is gridlocked.”
The passenger drone progress may follow a sloping takeoff rather than vertical leap.
Carnegie Mellon’s Singh sees a long road ahead filled with lots of testing, analysis, regulation
and efforts to win the public’s trust before the technology becomes a viable transportation
试卷第8页，总12页
option. “There is the danger of someone moving too fast and then having a problem that sets
the industry back for some time,” he says.
43
．
Personal flying cars have failed to gain popularity among households mainly because
______.
A
．
people don’t have the courage to take the cars to the air.
B
．
people are unwilling to train for a pilot’s license.
C
．
people worry that they may not be qualified to fly the cars safely.
D
．
it is practically impossible to combine cars and aircraft together.
44
．
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of passenger drones?
A
．
It can lift more weight.
C
．
It makes less noise.
B
．
It is lighter in weight.
D
．
It is simpler in mechanical design.
45
．
What is Hirschberg’s attitude towards passenger drones?
A
．
disapproving
C
．
skeptical
46
．
We can learn from the passage that ______.
A
．
artificial intelligence can easily tackle the problems occurring in air traffic.
B
．
human pilots in autonomous aircraft will endanger the safety of passengers.
C
．
the passenger drone industry will make major breakthroughs in the near future.
D
．
the public’s distrust may hinder the development of passenger drones.

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the
box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you
need.
Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by . Newspapers ,
magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently cover boxing matches . Professional
boxers earn a lot of money , and successful boxers are treated as big heroes.
It seems to me that people , especially men ,find it appealing because it is an aggressive
sport . When they watch a boxing match , they can identify with the winning boxer , and this
gives them the feeling of being a winner themselves . It is a fact that many people have
feeling of aggression from time to time , but they cannot show their aggression in their
everyday lives . 47
．

However , there is a negative side to boxing . 48
．
Although boxers wear gloves during
试卷第9页，总12页
B
．
neutral
D
．
cautiously optimistic
the fights , and amateur boxers even have to wear helmets , there have frequently been
accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with dramatic consequences .
Boxers have suffered from head injuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as
a result of being knocked out in the ring. 49
．
Sometimes even if a boxer has never been
knocked out, he might have suffered severe brain damage without knowing it.
50
．
I think it would be better if less time was given to aggressive sports on TV, and we
welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in
our society . I believe that the world is aggressive enough already ! Of course , people like
competitive sports , and so do I , but I think that hitting other people in an aggressive way is
not something that should be regarded as a sport.
A
．
Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression .
B
．
I am personally not at all in favor of aggressive sports like boxing .
C
．
In my personal opinion, boxing can be so thrilling that many people dare not to have a try.
D
．
Professional boxers are much more at risk than their amateur counterparts.
rmore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing
is likely to threaten personal safety of people.

51
．
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)
of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Students who have used electronic cigarettes by the time they start ninth grade are more
likely than others to start smoking traditional cigarettes and other tobacco products within the
next year, according to a new study funded by the National Institutes of Health. Electronic
cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, deliver nicotine to the lungs by heating a liquid solution that
contains nicotine and other chemicals to produce a spray that the user takes in.
As part of a survey of substance use and mental health among high school students in
Los Angeles, the study compared the start of tobacco use among 222 students who had used
e- cigarettes, but not any other tobacco products, and 2,308 who had neither used e-cigarettes
or any other tobacco products when initially surveyed at the start of ninth grade. The 2,530
students who initially reported never using tobacco underwent follow-up assessments after
six and 12 months. Students were asked about lifetime and past six-month use of e-cigarettes
or any other forms of tobacco products.
During the first six months after being surveyed, 30.7 percent of those who had used e-
试卷第10页，总12页
cigarettes started using tobacco products, such as cigarettes, and cigars, compared to only 8.1
percent of those who had never used e-cigarettes. Over the following six months leading into
the start of 10th grade, 25.2 percent of e-cigarette users had used tobacco products, compared
to just 9.3 percent of nonusers.
“While teen tobacco use has fallen in recent years, this study confirms that we should
continue to closely watch teen smoking patterns,” said NIDA Director Nora D
．
Volkow,
M.D
．
“Parents and teens should recognize that although e-cigarettes might not have the same
harmful effects of regular cigarettes, they do carry a risk of addiction.”
“Recreational e-cigarette use is becoming increasingly popular among teens who have
never smoked tobacco,” said Adam M. Leventhal, Ph.D
．
, the first author on the study. “While
we cannot conclude that e-cigarette use directly leads to smoking, this research raises
concerns that recent increases in youth e-cigarette use could ultimately lead to the spread of
smoking- related illness.
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the
brackets.
52
．在线课程是否能满足不同层次学生的需求，尚不明朗。
(it)
53
．在抗击病毒的斗争中，中国会给予受到感染的国家尽可能多的帮助。（
offer
）

54
．极目远眺，山外有山，令人赞叹不已。
(view)
55
．从长远角度看，各国间需要加强沟通，完善全球医疗体系，防止类似疫情爆发，避
免卫生危机 演变为全球经济危机。
(stop)

56
．
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions
given below in Chinese.
假设你是高三某班班长李华，
7
月即将毕业，你正计划高考后在班级里开展一项离校 公
益活动
---“
绿色离校（
Be a Green school-lea ver
）
”
旧书回收项目。请写一封倡议信给你们
班级同学，信中必须包括：

该活动的目的和意义；

该活动的具体计划。

____ __________________________________________________ _____________________
_________________________ __________________________________________________
______________________________________________ _____________________________
_________________ __________________________________________________ ________
试卷第11页，总12页
______________________ __________________________________________________ ___
___________________________________________ ____________________________

试卷第12页，总12页
本卷由系统自动生成，请仔细校对后使用，答案仅供参考。
参考答案

1
．
had swept
2
．
as
3
．
were developed
4
．
earliest
5
．
how
6
．
as
7
．
killing
8
．
to create
9
．
ifwhen
10
．
AsBecauseSince
【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章简单介绍了筷子的历史渊源。

1
．考查时态。句意：截止公元
500
年，筷子已经传遍了亚洲大陆，从越南到日本。分 析句
子可知，这里
sweep
的动作在一个过去的时间点之前已经完成了，要用过去完 成时。故填
had swept
。

2
．考查介词。句意：从作为餐 具的简陋的雏形到寿司柜台上纸包竹的套装。分析句意可知，
这里
humble beginnings
与
cooking utensils
所指的含义是相同的，都 是筷子最初的形态，要
用介词
as
表示
“
作为
……”
。故填
as
。

3
．考查时态和语态。句意：大约五千年前筷子在 中国被发展起来。分析句意可知，主语
Chopsticks
与谓语动词
develo p
之间是被动关系，要用被动语态，且动作发生于过去的时间
点，要用一般过去时。故填
were developed
。

4
．考查形容词最高级。句意：最早的 样子可能是用来从锅具里夹取食物的小树枝。这里承
接上文介绍筷子的起源，应该要介绍最早的筷子形态 ，要用形容词最高级。故填
earliest
。

5
．考查疑问代词 。句意：灵巧的厨师想出了通过把食物切成小份从而节省燃料的方法。这
里需要空白处与其后的不定式共 同构成宾语，可以用
“
疑问代词
+
不定式
”
结构，相当于名 词
的作用。此处给的是一种烹饪方法，要用
how
表示
“
如何、怎样
”
。故填
how
。

6
．考查定语从句。句意：这 样的行为也符合了孔子避免暴力的思想，正如他那句著名的话
答案第1页，总13页
本卷由系统自动生成，请仔细校对后使用，答案仅供参考。
表达的一样。这里考虑非限制性定 语从句，后句缺少主语，且从句意上看含有
“
正如、就像
”
的意思，要用as
作关系词。故填
as
。

7
．考查非谓语动词。句 意：作为一个素食者，他认为刀的尖端会诱发暴力，将本应该在吃
饭时拥有的快乐满足的情绪给抹杀掉。 分析句子结构可知，
kill
作
violence
的后置定语，且
k ill
与
violence
之间是主动关系，要用现在分词形式。故填
kil ling
。

8
．考查非谓语动词。句意：
1878
年日本 人成为了第一批创造出现在通用的由竹子和木头做
成的一次性筷子的人。分析句子结构可知，这里
create
作
the first
的后置定语，且
the first< br>是
create
的逻辑主语（这些人创造了筷子），要用不定式。故填
to create
。

9
．考查状语从句。句意：人们认为银接触到有毒的食物会 腐蚀变黑。这里前后句所描述的
动作可以视为是同时发生的，可以用
when
连接作时 间状语从句；也可以视作后句动作发生
导致前句动作发生，可以用
if
连接作条件状语 从句。故填
ifwhen
。

10
．考查连词。句意：因为筷子合在 一起来夹起黏成一团的热腾腾的米饭，所以堪称天作之
合。分析句意可知，前后句呈现的是因果关系，可 以用
because
、
since
和
as
三个从属连词来< br>引导原因状语从句。故填
AsBecauseSince
。


11
．
B
12
．
F
13
．
J
14
．
C
15
．
G
16
．
K
17
．
A
18
．
E
19
．
I
20
．
H
【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章记述了世界上第一张邮票的诞生及其历史背景。

11
．考查动词。句意：更重要的是，在各个地方发行的第一张邮票，带有维多利亚女王的头
像。分析句子结 构可知，主语是
the first postage stamp
，宾语是
the image of Queen Victoria
，
答案第2页，总13页
本卷由系统自动生成，请仔细校对后使用，答案仅供参考。
缺少谓语动词，
bear
有
“
带有（标记、特征）
”
的意思，符合句意。故选
B项。

12
．考查动词。句意：
1860
年，
William Dockw ra
开始一项公共服务，保证信件在伦敦任何
地方都能迅速送达。分析句子结构可知，在定语从 句中缺少谓语动词，结合先行词
service
要解释服务的内容，
guarante e“
保证，担保
”
更加符合文意。故选
F
项。

1 3
．考查动词。句意：他的系统迅速在全国普及，由他来全权掌管。从文段中对邮政系统发
展历 程的描述中不难猜测，这里要表达
Dockwra
的系统有了进一步的发展，也就是从伦敦发展到了全国范围。故填
J
项。

14
．考查非谓语动词。句意 ：这还远非一个完美的系统，受限于看起来不太合理的价格，使
得送一封信的价格贵得没道理。分析句意 可知，后句提及的价格因素造成了当前系统的不完
善，
burden
意为
“< br>加负担于
……
，使负重担
”
，符合文意。故
C
项。< br>
15
．考查动词。句意：正如你可能想象的，这会出现一些问题
——
有的人不在家或者比较直
率都会拒绝付款。前文提到收信人还要付收信款，从而导致了下文的问题。present
意为
“
使
发生，出现
”
配合宾语
some problems
是最合适的。故选
G
项。

16．考查固定短语。句意：邮政官方没有理睬
Hill
的想法，他就自己作出了尝试，并快速 在
人们中普及。分析句意可知，
Hill
的主意没有得到官方重视，他出版了自己的方 案，也确实
有很好的反响，
gain ground
意为
“
取得发展 ，普及
”
，符合文意。故选
K
项。

17
．考查名 词。句意：两个人设想了一种有粘性的标签，可以贴在信封上代表邮资。结合上
下文不难理解，这里就是 对邮票雏形的描述，即信封上的一个标签。故选
A
项。

18
．考查 动词。句意：他最终从那些有类似想法的人那里获得了足够的支持，使议会同意了
施行他的系统。这里叙 述邮票系统发展的波折过程，最终议会被说服，下一步就应该使用这
套系统了。
impleme nt
意为
“
实施，实现
”
，符合文意。故选
E
项。

19
．考查名词。句意：胜出的邮票作品上绘有年轻女王的肖像，出自一位
William Wyon
之
手。
Hill
为邮票形象安排了一次设计比赛， 最后有一个作品胜出了，
entry
意为
“
参赛作品
”
，< br>符合文意。故选
I
项。

20
．考查名词。句意：它马上就流 通起来。联系上下文，邮票一经发行，整个国家似乎都变
小了，意味着很多人都用上了邮票寄信，
hit
有一个非正式含义
“
面市并产生影响
”
，符合文
意 。故选
H
项。


21
．
C
22
．
A
答案第3页，总13页
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23
．
B
24
．
D
25
．
A
26
．
A
27
．
C
28
．
C
29
．
D
30
．
A
31
．
B
32
．
C
33
．
B
34
．
D
35
．
A
【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种居家度假的新型度假模式，讲述了其来历和优点所在。
21
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：
staycation
的概念诞生于
2 008
年美国市场危机之时。
A. value
价值；
B. sector
部门；
C. crisis
危机；
D. shares
股份。根据下文人们缩减支出的描述并联系
时代背景，不难想到这里指的是
2008
年 的金融危机。故选
C
项。

22
．
A. restrict
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，很多家庭都被迫限制支出，缩减假期的预算。
限制；
B. bear
忍受；
C. avoid
避免；
D. meet
满足 。下文提到结果是限制假期预算，也就是
缩减支出的意思。故选
A
项。
23
．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没钱去国外旅游成了许多人开始发现最近的旅游目的地的
A. cheerful
愉快的；
B. immediate
立刻的，
C. polluted
受污染的；
D. attractive
理由。最接近的；
吸引人的。结合前文提出的
staycation
的含义不难推测，无法出外旅游的人们会把目 光投向
身边、近处。故选
B
项。

24
．
A. l imited
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，对于旅游业的环境影响的意识也增加了。
有限的；
B. financial
金融的；
C. cultural
文化的；
D. environmental
环境的。下文尤指交通 方
面的影响，还提到了人口对城市的影响，都可以归为环境因素，且与后文的
environm ent
对
应。故选
D
项。

答案第4页，总13页
本卷由系统自动生成，请仔细校对后使用，答案仅供参考。
25
．考查动词词义辨析 。句意：比如巴塞罗那、维纳斯或塞舌尔都计划引入了旅游业经费的
A. introducing
引入，
B. stopping
阻止；
C. postponing
推迟；
D. raising
募集。最高限额。介绍；
本段从城市的旅游业政策上给出
staycation
的另一方面理由，大城市也选择在旅游业 上减少
支出，
a tourist cap
意为
“
旅游业经费的最高 限额
”
，该政策是要引入的。故选
A
项。

26
． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：
Staycation
似乎是应对上述挑战的不错的解决方案。A.
challenges
挑战；
B. assessment
评估；
C. tasks
任务；
D. applica tions
应用。金融危机和其带来
的种种结果对人们的生活来说无疑是个挑战。故选
A
项。

27
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是个好办法，让人享受美好假期 的同时也善待了钱包和环
境。
A. voyage
航行；
B. mind
思想；
C. pocket
口袋，钱财；
D. hometown< br>家乡。结合前文理
解
staycation
的好处，就是能让人们省钱。故选< br>C
项。

28
．考查固定短语。句意：实际上，在家附近旅游避免了住宿和交通的消费。
A. In addition
此外；
B. For example
例如；
C. In fact
事实上；
D. On the contrary
相反。空白后句子的 内容
陈述的是事实，与前句基本是并列的关系。故选
C
项。

29< br>．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了用不看昂贵的机票和旅馆房间省下的钱以外，
staycati on
A. services
服务；
B. advice
建议；
C. resources
资源；还有一个好处：让有害的尾气排放变少。
D. savings
储蓄，
financial savings
在这里就指通过不出门旅 游节省下的钱。存款。结合上文，
故选
D
项。

30
．考查 名词词义辨析。句意：除了用不看昂贵的机票和旅馆房间省下的钱以外，
staycation
还有一个好处：让有害的尾气排放变少。
A. emissions
排放；
B. exposure
暴露；
C. vehicles
车辆；
D. strate gies
策略。与下一句
“
汽车、轮船、飞机都不（或少）被使用
”
对应可知，是
指尾气排放变少。故选
A
项。

31
．考查连 词词义辨析。句意：取而代之的是，其他的交通方式比如公共交通、自行车、电
动车乃至步行更受人们欢 迎。
A. therefore
因此；
B. instead
而不是，取而代之；
C. however
然而；
D. mo reover
除此之外。前句说到汽车、船舶、飞机用得少了，后句则说绿色出行方
式更受欢迎 了，相当于后者取代了前者，用
instead
符合句意。故选
B
项。

32
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这使得人们的碳足迹不会增长到出一趟远门带来的那么多 。
A. last
持续；
B. fall
坠落；
C. increase
增加；
D. change
改变。分析句意可知，选择不出门旅游就可以减少碳排放，也就是碳足迹的不增加。故选
C
项。

33
．
A. historic
历史的；
B. present考查形容词词义辨析。句意：慢旅游邀请你生活在此时此刻。
现在的；
C. critical
批评的，决定性的；
D. climatic
气候的。结合上下文对于慢旅游的解释，
答案第5页，总13页
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指的是慢下来，发现附近的景色，活在当下感受当下。故选
B
项。

34
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有哪一天是日程满满的，也不用着急着从一个活动赶去另
A . good
好处；
B. harm
害处；
C. blame
责备；
D. rush
仓促。一个活动，就为了一直保持忙碌。
承 接前文对慢旅游的解释，这里是建议读者把生活的节奏慢下来，享受一些闲暇时光，不用
急着做事。故选
D
项。

35
．
A. advantages
优点；
B. challenges
考查名词词义辨析。句意： 考虑到当地旅游的多种优势。
挑战；
C. platforms
平台；
D. themes
主题。下文表示即使不出门旅游也不会感到尴尬了，正
是因为文章罗列出的
staycation
的种种好处。故选
A
项。


36
．
D
37
．
A
38
．
C
39
．
B
【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一种儿童发明的装置可以缓解狗的分离焦虑。

3 6
．主旨大意题。根据全文内容分析可知，本文主要介绍了一种儿童发明的装置可以缓解狗
的分 离焦虑。故选
D
。

37
．细节理解题。根据文中
she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their
pets(
她发明了一种设备，让宠物主人可以和他们的宠 物视频聊天
!)
可知，
iCPooch
可以通过
视频聊天让宠物狗安静下来。故选
A
。

38
．词义猜测题。根据下文
After Martin’s video put her among the 10 finalists in the Discovery
Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge, she was paired with Delony Langer-Anderson, a
product development scientist in 3M’s consumer health care division.
可知，她与科学家一起搭档，
从而猜测
mentor
为
“
导师
”
之意。故选
C
。

39
．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段
Their projects include a fuel cell that transforms cut grass
into electricity and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling.(
他们的项目包括将割
)
可知，下的草转化为电能的燃料电池，以及一款奖励司机不发短信或不打电话的应用程序。< br>决赛选手的发明共同点是它们是日常问题的可能解决方案。故选
B
。


答案第6页，总13页
本卷由系统自动生成，请仔细校对后使用，答案仅供参考。
40
．
A
41
．
C
42
．
B
【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇广告应用文。文章向读者推荐一种有收藏价值的银币。

40
．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句
“But millions have found a smarter way to build
long-term value with high-grade collectable silver.”
。可知，成千上万的人 已经发现一种更加明
智的做法，就是收藏高质量的有长效价值的银元。故选
A
。

41
．细节理解题。根据文中图片旁边的内容
“5?9 Coins $$38.45...”
和图片下面的
Note
：
$$10
sh(shipping and handling) for each purchase
。可知，你应该付费：
6×$$38.45
＋
$$10
＝
$$240.7
。
故选
C
项。

42
．
call toll-free 24 hours
细节理解题。根据文章最后部分方框上面的内容
“For fastest service
，
a day”
。可知，最快捷的方式便是打电话。故选
B
项。


43
．
C
44
．
A
45
．
D
46
．
D
【解析】

【分析】

这是一 篇说明文。文章讲述了一种类似于
“
会飞的汽车
”
的新思路
——载人无人机，详细阐述
了其面临的各种技术难题，指出这种技术的实现还要走很长的路。

43
．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句
“A personal flying car in every garage has proved to be a
tough sell, however, as there are serious safety concerns about asking the average commuter to
train for a pilot’s license and take to the sk ies.”
可知，私人飞行汽车之所以无法普及，就是因为
大众对于驾驶执照、安全问题方面的 担忧。故选
C
项。

44
．细节理解题。根据第三段最后几句
“This sacrifices lifting power and flight performance in
exchange for mechanical simplicity and lighter weight… make the noise tolerable to city residents,
although it remains to be seen how much weight such a vehicle could lift, and for how long.”
可知，
答案第7页，总13页
本卷由系统自动生成，请仔细校对后使用，答案仅供参考。
重量更轻、噪音更小、构造更精简 都是提到的无人机的优点，只有
A
选项
“
能负载更大的重
量
”
没有提及。故选
A
项。

45
．推理判断题。综合文中引 用的
Hirschberg
的两句话
“obviously still in the incubation(
孵化
)
stages of technology development and improving the basics”
和
“But 20 or 30 years from now life
may be a little like… where ground transportation is gridlocked.”
可知，他承认载人无人机在技
术方面还处在孵化阶段，但假以时日应该会让人们的生活有所改观，
D
选项
“
谨慎的乐观态
度
”
符合文意。故选
D
项。

46
．推理判断题。从最后一段的描述
“Carnegie Mellon’s Singh sees a long road ahead filled with
lots of testing, analysis, regulation and efforts to win the public’s trust before the technology
becomes a viable transportation option.”
可知 ，该技术要成为可行的交通方式，还有很长的路
要走，要付出很多努力来赢取公众的信任，一旦有人步子 迈太快甚至可能让发展进程倒退，
D
选项
“
公众的不信任可能阻碍行业的发展
”
，符合文意。故选
D
项。


47
．
A
48
．
F
49
．
E
50
．
D
【解析】

【分析】

这是一 篇议论文。作者讲述了拳击运动的利弊所在，并表明这类运动因其暴力和侵略性的体
现不应该过多占据大 众视野。

47
．前文提到人们大都有侵略的欲望，但日常生活中不能表现出来。A
选项
“
观看拳击比赛
给出了一个发泄的方法
”
承接上 文，且回归到了拳击的主题上。故选
A
项。

48
．段落的主题是拳 击也有负面的效果。空白后陈述的是各种拳击场上时有发生受伤事故。
F
选项
“
这有可能威胁人们的个人安全
”
承上启下，符合文意。故选
F
项。

49
．前文提到拳击手可能受伤甚至被击倒导致死亡，可以看作是当下产生的后果，而空白后< br>指出的则是潜在的、长期的伤害，
E
选项
“
此外，研究表明拳击往往会 造成一些长期影响
”
承
上启下，符合文意。故选
E
项。
< br>50
．最后一段表达的是作者对于拳击作为运动的不支持不赞成，也不应该为观众树立这样侵略性的价值观。
D
选项
“
职业拳击手比起业余爱好者承担的风险大得多< br>”
符合段落主题。故选
答案第8页，总13页
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D
项。

【点睛】

六选四题型主要考查考生对文章的整体理解和掌握情况，相当于阅读理解和 完形填空的综合。
它不仅需要阅读速度，还要对文章的结构、主旨、写作意图、观点都有所了解。主要考 点包
括：
1.
考查主题句，也就是考查对文章整体内容的概括能力；
2
考查上下文衔接，即考查文
章的过渡部分；
3
考查中心句，需要考生学会归纳段落大 意。拿到题目时，应该先确定出题
位置；读题干，再读需要填入句子的上下句，画出关键词；读文章各段 落，确定段落中心句
和文章主题句；通读文章确定上下句和选项之间的逻辑关系。针对不同设空位置选择 不同的
策略就能事半功倍。第
2
小题是上下文衔接的典型，其上句是段落主题句直言拳 击不好的方
面，下句点明赛场内外意外时有发生，根据对拳击运动的认识，容易想到这里所指的就是拳< br>击运动对人身安全存在威胁，故确定正确答案。

51
．
As indicated in a new study, early exposure to e-cigarettes may trigger tobacco smoking in
teens.(
要点一
) Comparison of tobacco use initiation between students with e-cigarettes
experiences and those nonusers has been made, the result of which reveals a significant increase of
smoking tendency in the former. (
要点二、三
) With the prevalence of e-cigarettes, it’s worth
paying attention to teens’ smoking patterns and considering the detrimental effects possibly
exerted by e-cigarettes. (
要点四
)
【解析】

【分析】

阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇
60
词左右的内容概要。

【详解】

阅读短文，可以将每个段落的大意梳理出来，然后依据篇章结构整理成内容 概要，注意控制
好字数：

第一段作为文章首段，首先引出了文章的主题：电子烟的使 用可能导致青少年更早接触传统
香烟和其他烟草产品。这在内容概要中是一定要点出来的。可以简写为：
According to a new
study,students who have used electronic cigarettes are more likely to start smoking traditional
cigarettes.
第二段和 第三段罗列出了实验设计和两次实验的数据，显示在两个对照组中，使用过电子烟
的学生在半年内使用其 他香烟产品的百分比远大于那些没有电子烟使用经历的学生，用来佐
The survey showed there is a significant increase of smoking
证首段中提出的结论。可以简写为：
答案第9页，总13页
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tendency among students who has e-cigarettes experiences compared with those nonusers.
第四段和第五段都是引用权威人士的话，提醒青少年和他 们的父母认清电子烟带来的潜在风
险，提醒人们提高对于这一现象的重视。可以简写为：
Peo ple should pay attention to teens’
smoking patterns and considering the detrimental effects possibly exerted by e-cigarettes.

52
．
It is not clearlyremains unknown remains to be seen whether on-line classes can meet the
demands of students of different levels.
53
．
China will offer as much assistance as possible to the countries infected (with the disease) in
the battle against virus.
54
．
If you look around in the distance, you will enjoy the fantastic view of mountains beyond
mountains, with sinceregreatdeep admiration .
55
．
From a long-term perspective, all the countries should strengthen communication(between
each other), improve the global medicalhealthcare system, and prevent the outbreak of similar
epidemic, stopping the heath crisis from turning into a global economy crisis.
【解析】

【分析】

翻译句子，要使用括号内所给单词。

52
．考查形式主语。分析句子可知， 整个前句的内容要作为主语，与
“
尚不明朗
”
搭配构成主
系表结构， 可以用
whether
或
if
引导的主语从句。而为了使句子不显得冗长累赘 ，可以使用
形式主语
it
。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：
It is not clearlyremains unknown remains to be
seen whether on-line classes can meet the demands of students of different levels
。

53
．考 查动词用法。分析句子可知，前句可以作为状语，后句作为主句，主语是
“
中国
”，谓
语动词是
“
提供
”
，宾语采用双宾语结构，使用
o ffer sth. to sb.“
给某人提供某物
”
。再根据其它
汉语提 示。故翻译为：
China will offer as much assistance as possible to the countries infected
(with the disease) in the battle against virus
。

54
．考查名词用法。分析句子可知，
“
极目远眺，山外有山
”
这一 句可以依照其内在的逻辑关
系，整理为
“
先极目远眺，后山外有山
”
，符合条件状语从句的情况。
view
作为名词，意为
“
视
野，风景
”
。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：
If you look around in the distance, you will enjoy
the fantastic view of mountains beyond mountains, with sinceregreatdeep admiration
。

55
．考查 动词用法。分析句子可知，
“
从长远角度看
”
作状语，其余四句都可以写作< br>“
各国
”
作
答案第10页，总13页
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主语的主谓宾长句，
“< br>避免、阻止某人做某事
”
可以用
stop sb. from doing s th.
，且在句中作结
果状语，所以用现在分词。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：
F rom a long-term perspective, all
the countries should strengthen communication(between each other), improve the global
medicalhealthcare system, and prevent the outbreak of similar epidemic, stopping the heath crisis
from turning into a global economy crisis
。

【点睛】

在翻译题型中，汉译英的难度普遍要高于英译汉，因为汉语句子往往没有严 格按照考生习惯
的主谓宾等各类成分的形式呈现出来，而要翻译为英语句子，又必须先整理出对应的成分 ，
梳理好句型句式，再做翻译。不仅要求考生基础知识掌握扎实，对于各类句型句式也必须非
常 熟悉，才能将句子翻译得自然而不显生硬。第
3
小题是一个典型的例子，文言文的翻译就
要求考生首先清楚其现代汉语含义再整理转化，极目远眺意为
“
尽眼力之所及眺望远方
”
，山
外有山字面意为
“
山外面的山风景更好
”
，整理的 过程中就需要补充主语，显然是一个人在眺
望时才有这样的体验，可以用
you
或者< br>one
，另外句型上应当根据动作的先后关系确定条件
状语从句的用法，这样就可以将两 句话的意思较为准确地翻译出来了。

56
．
One possible version
：

Dear classmates,
As we all know, our life of high school is coming to an end. Feeling reluctant to part with you, I
am planning to do something unforgettable and meaningful. As far as I’m concerned, every class
of graduates leaves many used books when graduating from school, and some students even
destroy them. It’s totally a waste of resources and may result in environmental pollution.
Therefore I’m considering an activity called “Be a Green school-leaver”, which requires
participants to collect and hand in used books firstly. After collecting these books, we will
organize and sort them, which will finally be donated to those who are in need in rural poverty
areas. As the monitor, I sincerely ask for your participating.
Don’t you want to create some memories while helping others and this world? Let’s do this
together!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】

【分析】

答案第11页，总13页
本卷由系统自动生成，请仔细校对后使用，答案仅供参考。
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封信，倡议同学们参与离校公益活动。

【详解】

第一步：审题

体裁：应用文

时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。

结构：总分法


总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。

要求：
1.
阐述倡议主题

2.
介绍活动相关：

1
）活动目的和意义

2
）活动具体计划

第二步
:
列提纲

（重点词组）

graduate
；
environment- friendly
；
college entrance exam
；
app roach
；
activity
；
used books
；
public
benefit
；
plan on
第三步：连词成句

1. The end of our final term in high school is approaching.
2. I am planning on a public benefit activity.
3. The activity is called Be a Green school-leaver.
4. The aim is to recycle those used books and donate them.
5. In this way we can help those who needs books and make our school life more meaningful.
6. Sincerely hope you can join me.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。

第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）

1.
表文章结构顺序：
First of all, FirstlyFirst, SecondlySecond… And then, Finally, In the end, At
last
2.
表并列补充关系：
What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not
only…but (also), including,
3.
表转折对比关系：
However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(
从句
), In spite
of+ndoing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.
表因果关系：
Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
答案第12页，总13页
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连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，

第五步：润色修改

【点睛】

范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范 ，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关
Therefore I’m considering an activity called “Be
系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：
a Green school- leaver”, which requires participants to collect and hand in used books firstly
这句
result in
，
as far as I’m
话运用了非限制性定语从句；使用了一些固定词组，如
come to an end
，
concerned
等。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩 。

答案第13页，总13页