槛菊愁烟兰泣露北京八达岭野生动物园导游词

2020年12月26日发(作者：于村)
北京八达岭野生动物园导游词

北京(Beijing)，简称京，中华人民共 和国首都、直辖市、国家中心城市、超大城
市，全国政治中心、文化中心、国际交往中心、科技创新中心 ，是中国共产党中央委员
会、中华人民共和国中央人民政府和全国人民代表大会的办公所在地。下面是北 京英文
的导游词，欢迎欣赏。



北京英文导游词一：




Ladies and Gentlemen:



Welcome to the Great Wall. Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yale
River in Leaning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers
to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China.
The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan
and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces——Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi,
Shaanxi, and Gansu and two autonomous regions——Ningxia and Inner Mongolia,
binding the northern China together.



Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to
defensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C. during the reign of King Cheng
of the States of Chu. Its construction continued throughout the Warring States
period in the fifth Century B.C. Walls, then, was built separately by these ducal
states to ward off such harassments. Later in 221 B.C. The most extensive
reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty
(1368——1644) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks
and rocks. it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today.



The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi
Province as the dividing line. The west part is a rammed earth construction,
about 5.3 meters high on average. In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is
rammed earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks.
The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling
and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors.



The Wall of those sections is 7.8 meters high and 6.5 meters wide at its
base, narrowing to 5.8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to
gallop abreast. Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters
internals. The top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy
movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment
and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers. The highest
watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill- top, is reached only after a steep
climb, like



There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic
importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and
Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers
northwest of Beijing.



Known as Xia Di YI Guan(The First PaUnder Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pais
situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with
the northeast. It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all
strategists and many famous battles were fought here. It was the gate of
Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to
supprethe peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming
empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. (1644-1911)



As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world.
The Venice charter says: and cultural architecture not only includes
the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that
witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical
events.
architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all
over the world. In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage
site.



北京英文导游词二：




Tian'anmen(the Gate of Heavenly Peace)， is located in the center of
Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen(the Gate of Heavenly
Succession)。 At the end of the Ming Dynasty， it was seriously damaged by war.
When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651， it was renamed Tian'anmen，
and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City，the administrative and
residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections
of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate.



The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five–room deep.
According to the Book of Changes，the two numbers nine and five，when combined，
symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign. During the Ming and Qing dynasties，
Tian'anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most
important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts， which followed these
steps：1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian(Hall of
Supreme Harmony)，where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would
then carry the decree on a yunpan(tray of cloud)，and withdraw from the hall
via Taihemen(Gate of supreme Harmony)2)The Minister would put the tray in a
miniature longting(dragon pavilion)。 Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it
via Wumen(Meridian Gate)，to Tian'anmen Gate tower. 3)A courtier would be
invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both
sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the
direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.3)The
courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it
from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried
in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.4)The
edict，copied on yellow paper，would be made known to the whole country. Such
a process was historically recorded as Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix
During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian'anmen was the most important passage.
It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way
to the altars for ritual and religious the Westside of
Tian'anmen stands ZhongshanPark(Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Park)，and on the east
side，the Working People's Cultural Palace. The Park was formerly called
Shejitan(Altar of Land and Grain)，built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items
to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name
was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the
Chinese Democratic Revolution. The Working People's Cultural Palace used
to be Taimiao(the Supreme Ancestral Temple)，where tablets of the deceased
dynastic rulers were stream in front of Tian'anmen is called
Waijinshuihe(Outer Golden River)，with seven marble bridges spanning over it .
Of these seven bridges，historical records say the middle one was for the
exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao(Imperial
Bridge)。



The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the
royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao(Royal's Bridges)。
Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above
the third order and were named Pinjiqiao(ministerial Bridges)。The remaining
two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and were called
Gongshengqiao(common Bridges)。They are the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral
Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the
two stone lions by the Gate of Tian'anmen，one on each side were
meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis，guarding the emperor's
walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao.
They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary
dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of
Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its
invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao，who was said to have set
up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers，
hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it was reduced to a
signpost，and now it serves as an beast sitting on the top of the
column is called ，a legendary animal，which is said to have been a watcher
of an emperor's behaviour. He was doing such duties as warning the emperor
against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging
him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time. Therefore，
the two pairs of beasts were given the names
emperor's coming back) and the emperor's going
out) respectively。



北京英文导游词三：




iam pleased to serve as your guide today.



this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is
the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming
emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the
forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi.
for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive
emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in
1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization
recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.



it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden
city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided
the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north
star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation
of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor
was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position
would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his
residence. in folklore, the term
a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward
immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu
pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin
(forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and
off- explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to
ordinary people.



the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic.
red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the
earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became
an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family
were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.



the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north
to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total
roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a
9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest
on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the
meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the
north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua
gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to
the east.



manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the
forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were
employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county
in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province.
paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet
pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong
province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern
regions.



the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance
to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming
emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the
chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for
punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.



qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year.
qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony
from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to
avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was
considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to
hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial
army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor
presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.



(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble
bridges on golden water river)



now we are inside the forbidden we start our tour, i would like
to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete
this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were
arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has
become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers
roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building
in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement
of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly
–stratified feudal system.



the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner are now
standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the
gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze
lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite
and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and
ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath
one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual
imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it
functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the
river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence,
righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a
bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors
ruled the country on behalf of god.