夏侯玄考研英语阅读理解答案试题解析

2020年12月29日发(作者：松壑)

____年答案试题解析——阅读理解
Text 1
①Of all the changes that have taken place in English- language newspapers
during the past quarter- century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the
inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.
考点分析（the m ost）本句的意思是过去这些年英语报纸上所发生的最有影
响力的变化的可能是艺术评论的在报道范围 和严肃性的堕落
①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age
of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most
big-city newspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections
of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper
reviews. ③ To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned
contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.考
点分析①to the point of 到...地步②转折常考，出21题。 然而，在20世纪
大量的最重要的批评集是有报纸评论组成的。本句强调20世纪的报纸评论数量
很多。③沿着上句的意思论述：如今读到这样的书的人不禁会对下面这个事实
感到惊讶:这些评论之前 竟然被认为适合在面向大众的日报上刊登。
21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that
A arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.
B English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.
C high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.
D young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.
正确选项解析B 由第一段的 ①decline in scope 和第二段的②a
considerable number 都在强调以前的报纸关于艺术评论数量很多，所以选择B
干扰选项分析A 比较容易排除。与第一段①矛盾，原文只是说decline, 即
下降，没有说消失（disappear）
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C 比较容易排除。高质量的报纸未丧失大量的读者。无中生有。
D 强干扰项。年轻的读者怀疑报纸上的评论不合适。原文③：《牛津高阶
英汉双解词典》marvel v. be very surprised (and often admiring) 大为惊讶（常含赞
叹之意），表明其实读者是赞同：这些评论可以再报纸上刊登的。这里的doubt
表示怀疑，所以与marvel意思相反。
① We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews
published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War
2,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered
an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was
taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length
about the events they covered. ③Theirs was a serious business. and even those
reviews who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest
Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. ④These men believed in
journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. ⑤So few
authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in
ournalism,Newman wrote,
contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are
考点分析①否定常考（unfocused）出22题。承接上文，上文讲我们的评论
数量减少，这里继 续讲我们甚至离20世纪初到二战期间的报纸评论也相差很远。
Even farther removed from 表明作者的惋惜之情。② in detail and at length详细
的严肃的对做某项工作的强烈欲望或责任感骄傲
上面的这些词都表明二战前的报纸评论的风格。 ⑤否定常考，出23题。因
此，几乎没有人有足够的智慧或文学天赋在新闻事业上成就自己，我更喜欢吧
新闻事业定义为被假作家耻辱地使用了的术语，对真作家来说，他们不足挂齿。
其实本句话中N ewman wrote,后面的根本不需要看懂。
22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War 2 were characterized by
A free themes.
B casual style.
C elaborate layout.
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D radical viewpoints.
正确选项解析A unfocused的英文解释：not concentrated at one point or
upon one objective, free的英文解释是unrestricted，所以unfocused = free ,属于同
义替换。
干扰选项分析
B 请看《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》字典对casual 的解释：（a）made or done
without much care or thought; offhand 不经意的; 随便的; 马虎的; 临时的(b)
(derog 贬) showing little concern; nonchalant; irresponsible 漠不关心的; 无动於衷
的; 不负责任的(c) not methodical or thorough; not serious 无条理的; 不彻底的;
不认真的 .这几个意思都是和② in detail and at length详细的严肃
的对做某项工作的强烈欲望或责任感骄傲相矛盾的。所以不
选。
C 强干扰项。elaborate 可以替换原文中的in detail ，但是layout(布局)无中
生有，所以本题与原文不相符合。
D radical 激进的 无中生有。
23. Which of the following would shaw and Newman most probably agree on?
A It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.
B It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.
C Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.
D Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.
正确选项解析D 对⑤同义替换。Few= not all ，have brains enough or
literary gift enough =capable of
注意：D选项中not all属于部分否定,语气委婉，在选项中出现往往正确。
干扰选项分析A journalistic goals(新闻业的目标)，无中生有。B 作家成为记
者是值得鄙视的。与④的proud （自豪的）相反。C 作者容易被新闻业吸引。
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对⑤偷梁换柱。原文说的是被define 所吸引，而不是被
journalism所吸引。
①Unfortunately,these critics are virtually forgotten. ②Neville Cardus, who
wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975,
is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. ③During his
lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a
stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. ④He
was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. ⑤Yet only one of his
books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to
specialists.
考点分析 ①否定常考+段首常考。不幸的是，这些批评家几乎被忘记了。
言语之间是作者对报纸评论堕落的惋惜之 情。②-⑤是举Neville Cardus的例子
来论证以前的评论家怎么被忘记的，可以略读。
①Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? ②The
prospect seems remote.③Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and
postmodern readers have little use for the richly uphostered Vicwardian prose in
which he specialized. ④Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been
in headlong retreat.
考点分析①特殊标点常考，出25题。笔者在课 堂中反复强调出现问号是必
考的。那样的评论会重现吗？不太可能！再一次点明了作者所讨论的
中心：报纸行业的堕落（decline），要注意decline与①中的revival是反义词。
③讲理由，出24题。（编辑：白天骄）
24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?
A His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.
B His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.
C His style caters largely to modern specialists.
D His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.
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正确选项解析A ③说新闻业的品味已经改变，读者不需要（have little use
for）他所擅长的风格，所以Cardus's criticism不可能复苏。而A Cardus's criticism
也许不能吸引当今的读者。 注意have little use for= not appeal to
同时本选项还有may,这个语气委婉的词，符合黄四正确答案语气委婉。
干扰选项分析B原文没有提到他的名声有争议，所以无中生有。
C 他的风格符合现在的专家与本段最后一句相矛盾。
D 移花接木，是利用最后一句话编造的选项。
25. What would be the best title for the text?
A Newspapers of the Good Old Days
B The Lost Horizon in Newspapers
C Mournful Decline of Journalism
D Prominent Critics in Memory 正确选项解析主旨题，可以利用串线法解出本题。第一段开宗明义：过去
这些年英语报纸上所发生的 最有影响力的变化的可能是艺术评论的在报道范围
和严肃性的堕落（decline）。第二段承接第一 段的意思。第三段首句：不幸的
是，这些批评家几乎被忘记了。言语之间是作者对报纸评论堕落的惋惜之 情。
第四段：那样的评论会重现吗？不太可能！再一次点明了作者所讨论
的中心：报纸行业的堕 落（decline），所以C：令人惋惜的新闻业的堕落。
mournful是大纲词汇。
干扰选项分析A 报纸行业过去的黄金岁月。没有点出作者对现在的报纸的
惋惜之情
B 报纸行业的消失的视野本选项的错误类型和A一样。
D 记忆中的杰出的评论家本文的中心不是怀恋过去，而是批判现在的堕
落。
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Text 2
26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of
[A] their limited value to business
[B] their connection with asset allocation
[C] the possible restriction on their granting
[D] the controversy over authorization
选[C]，根正苗红的同义替换。possible= potential ， eliminate= restriction [A]
无中生有 [B] 用第一段的一个小例子中的细节捏造选项 [D] controversy 无中生
有。
27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?
[B] It involves a very big business transaction
[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit
[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.
选[D] potential= may ,change 对应着第一段和第二段之间的转折。从本段的
review，elimina te也可以看出这是一种转折。全文一直没有讲Bilski case的判决
的结果，而 [A] [C]都是在讲其判决结果，所以与原文相反。[B] 是从原文“ a
“very big deal””字面意识出发设置的干扰选项。a big deal 其实在英文中的意思是
“重要”，而不是“生意（transaction）”本题[D]还有may ,正确答案往往语气委婉，
所以更加确定选这个选项。
[A] loss of good will
[B] increase of hostility
[C] change of attitude
[D] enhancement of disnity
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本题是词汇题，一定要返回原文通过上下文解题。Because 之前是说对
business-method 的约束（curbs）,而because之后说的是“正是联邦审判引入了
business- method”，所以二者之间自然表明了是“态度的转变”。所以选[C]
The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the
energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case
would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three
and that one issue it wants to evaluate is weather it should “reconsider” its state
street Bank ruling.
本段第一句话没有看懂，直接跳过。第二句讲“联 邦审判要求这个案子要12
个法官审，而不是普通的3人小组，并且要求判断是否要重新考虑之前的Ba nk
ruling” 由本句可以排除29 [A]
第一句：最高法院已经减少了对专利持有者的保护(protection)。而29[C] 减
少了对专利持有者的尊重（esteem）.其中esteem是对protection的偷梁换柱。
第二句：举例子。法官发出信号： too many （过多的专利被授予了），表明法
院认为很多business-method 不应该被授予，所以选[B] too many =often
unnecessarily. [D]无中生有。
29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents
[A] are immune to legal challenges
[B] are often unnecessarily issued
[C] lower the esteem for patent holders
[D] increase the incidence of risks
见上文的解析。本题[A] [B] 两项相反必去
一。
30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?
[A] A looming threat to business-method patents
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[B] Protection for business-method patent holders
[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents
[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patents
选择 [A] 。首先排除[B]，与原文相反。[C]大帽子。[A] [D]的选择有一定难
度。用串线法解题。第一段讲过去business method很容易被授予 专利。其中第
一段的最后一句话已经暗含着对这种做法的反对。第二段转折：将会用一个案
例来 全面审查商业方法专利。第三段：对business method的约束（curbs）是法
院态度的巨大转变。最后一段明确提出reacting to the anti-patent trend at the
supreme court .要注意的是原文始终没有说Bilski case的判决，因此只是一个
looming (隐约地出现)的danger ，而不是已经盛行的趋势。
Text 3
考点分析① 因果常考（driven），出31题[A]。Malcolm Aladuell 的观点“社
会流行 的东西在很大程度上是有一小部分有影响力的人发动的，这些人见多识
广，有说服力” ②转折常考，出31题[B]。 “这个观点不能解释思想是如何传播
的”。要注意：ideas actually spread= social epidemics 这就意味着作者认为
influential对how ideas actually spread作用不大，不起driven(驱动)的作用。
31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to __________.
[A]analyze the consequences of social epidemics
[B]discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas
[C]exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics
[D]describe the essential characteristics of influentials.
正确选项解析[B] 本题是说明作者目的题。由上文②的分析可知选本选项。
干扰选项分析[A] 与原文相反。本文讨论的 是原因（driven）,而本题是说结果
（consequence）。[C] 本段没有提到人们的直觉的反应（intuitive response）。
②只是说“作者认为这个观点从直觉上看是吸引人的”。所以无中生有[D] 偏离
中心：influential对social epidemics的作用。只是①中的细节。（编辑：白天骄）
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32. The author suggests that the “two-step flow theory” __________.
[A]serves as a solution to marketing problems
[B]has helped explain certain prevalent trends
[C]has won support from influentials
[D]requires solid evidence for its validity
正确选项解析[D]由①可知这个理论是未经 检验的（untested），这就意味着
“需要可靠的证据证明其有效性”（requires solid evidence for its validity）。所以本
题是同义替换之正话反 说。干扰选项分析[A]与作者对该理论的反对态度矛盾。
[B] ③这个理论似乎（seems）可以 解释某些流行的趋势，seem这个词表明作者
其实是反对这个说法的。[C] 偷换概念，偷换了②中的marketer
33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that __________.
[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions.
[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media.
[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public.
[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention.
正确选项解析[A] 由⑤可知，a social epidemic to occur= the power of
influence， his or her own acquaintances=social interaction 可以明确的同义替换。
goes with 与…相伴而生。
干扰选项分析[B]本段没有提到媒体增加人际联系。无中生有。[C] channel
（渠道）无中生有[D]“大多数名人有很大的媒体影响力”无中生有。
underlined phrase “these people” in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who
__________.
[A] stay outside the network of social influence
[B] have little contact with the source of influence
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[C] are influenced and then influence others
[D] are influenced by the initial influential
正确选项解析本题 可以看做是指代词具体是指代的对象。指代的对象一定
是向前指代，往前找最近的名词。⑤中“每一个受 影响的人必须要影响他的熟人，
他的熟人再影响自己的熟人”所以these people 就是指这些“被影响并且影响别人
的人”
干扰选项分析[A]“在社会影响的网络之外”与原文相反。
[B] 强干扰项。⑥说的是“how many others pay attention to each of these
people”与initial influential（= the source of influence）无关，而[B]偷换为“these
people”与initial influential（= the source of influence）接触不多。
35. What is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?
[A]The eagerness to be accepted
[B]The impulse to influence others
[C]The readiness to be influenced
[D]The inclination to rely on others
正确选项解析[C] The readiness to be influenced由本段最后一 句可知社会影
响的动力要素是：人们影响别人的能力以及被别人影响的倾向性。所以选C。
干扰选项分析[B] 错在impulse(突如其来的念头)
[A]错在accept
[D]错在 rely on
解法二：[B][C] 符合
二。但是由第四段最后一句：
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If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential
prove resistant, for example the casecade of change won’t propagate very far or
affect many people.尤其是resistant可知更强调的是“被影响”（编
Text 4
（ 注：本文含有的生词和难句较多，考研阅读的原则是过难的单词和句子
一定不会出题，在考场上紧紧抓住 能看懂的句子即可，因为文章上下文的意思
都是有密切关联的。笔者把本文无需看懂的句子用删除线标出 来，以便于学生
更好的复习。示例：not the price managers and regulators would like them to
fetch.）
第一部分：36题
①Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public.
②Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting
standard- setters. ③Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report
enormous losses, and it's just not fair. ④These rules say they must value some
assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators
would like them to fetch.
考点分析①②“台面上，银行家们将他们的麻烦归咎于己身 ，台面下，他
们一直把目标对准他人：会计准则制定者。”台上台下，表里不一，暗含了作者
对 银行家的虚伪的否定，对无辜者standard-setters的同情。③讲具体的抱怨的
内容。“ 银行业抱怨会计规则迫使他们报告巨大损失，认为这不公平。” ④二者
相比必出考点。出36题。进一 步描述会计规则的内容。“规则认为他们必须以第
三方付出价格来评估部分资产的价值，而非按照管理者 和监管者期望该资产能
够获得的价格。”本句其实只要看懂“These rules say they must value some assets
at the price a third party would pay, not”not后面无需看懂，只要知道是与not前面
不一样的方法。
[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules
[B] collect payments from third parties
[C] cooperate with the price managers
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[D] reevaluate some of their assets.
干扰选项分析[B] 对④偷梁换柱。把value 偷换为collect。
[C] 与原文相反。错误一：原文④说：“These rules say they must value some
assets at the price 。。。， not the price managers and regulators would like them
to fet ch”明确说“规则不让按照managers的期待的价格评估”，所以这与
cooperate（合 作）相反。
错误二：原文中没有提到price manager 这个概念，④managers and
regulators would like them to fetch.是定语从句来修饰price。
[D] reevaluate（重新评估）无中生有。
第二部分：37题
考点分析①否定常考（unfortunately）+段首常考。出40 题。Unfortunately，
是强烈的表示情感的词。“不幸的是，银行的游说活动看来已起作用 了。”表明
作者是反对银行，支持同情standard-setters。②转折常考，出37题。B ut之前
不看，之间看后面“标准制定者的独立性——这资产市场正常运行十分重要——
已经削 弱了。” （编辑：白天骄）
37. According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in
__________.
[A] the diminishing role of management
[B] the revival of the banking system
[C] the banks' long-term asset losses
[D] the weakening of its independence
干扰选项分析[A] 与原文相反。diminish与④中的enhance 相矛盾。 [B] < br>第二段③讲了银行复苏的条件“银行如果不以能够吸引买家的价格计量有毒资产，
银行系统的复苏 将会非常困难。”而本选项说FASB的规则变化会带来复苏，与
③不相符合。
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[C] 无中生有。（编辑：白天骄）
第三部分：38题 考点分析上文讲的是美国的情况。本段讲欧洲的情况。①“欧洲的部长们立
刻要求国际会计准则委员 会(IASB)也这么做。” ②转折常考。出38题。IASB对部
长的做法比较反感，但是它在今年 下半年完成规则修订时必须屈服的压力十分
巨大。③引用McCreevy对IASB不听话的警告。
38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to
__________.
[A] keep away from political influences.
[B] evade the pressure from their peers.
[C] act on their own in rule-setting.
[D] take gradual measures in reform.
正确选项解析[C] ①讲欧洲部长对IASB的要求，② 是IASB对之的抵触情绪，
但是（but）压力又很大（strong），③McCreevy对IA SB警告它不是“处在政治
真空中”而是“在现实世界里”。这三句话的中心是：IASB想自己独立的 制定规则
（act on their own in rule-setting），而欧洲部长（包 括McCreevy）又想命令其按
自己意愿行为。所以选择[C]。
干扰选项分析[A]是强干扰项，貌似是对“not in a political vacuum” 的同义替
换。但是与[C]相比，[C]更加符合本段的中心。因为本段并不是强调IASB不能逃脱政治影响，而是强调IASB想要自己独立地制定规则。考生切记：当两个选项
无法分清的时候， 符合中心的才是正确答案。
[B] 偷梁换柱。原文没有提来自同伴的压力（pressure from their peers），而
是说“在今年下半年完成规则修订时必须屈服的压力”
[D]“在改革中采取渐进措施” gradual measures属于无中生有。
第四部分：39题
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①It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly
overvalued assets. ②Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because
they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad
debts. ③The truth will not be known for years. ④But bank's shares trade below
their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. ⑤ And dead markets partly
reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet
are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.
考点分析本段非常复杂，充满着金融学专业术语 。考研阅读的原则是过难
的单词和句子一定不会出题，在考场上紧紧抓住能看懂的句子即可，因为文章< br>上下文的意思都是有密切关联的。就本段而言只要紧紧抓住本段主题句即第一
句话即可解题。①强 调句必考（it was …that…）+ 段首常考+因果常考（with）。
注意with在字典中有一个解释是：because of (sth); on account of (sth) 因为或由
於（某事物）。 “正是这些银行呆错了星球，它们的账目上充斥着估值过高的资
产。” ②-⑤没有看懂坚决不看。
39. The author thinks the banks were “on the wrong planet” in that they
__________.
[A] misinterpreted market price indicators
[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets
[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts.
[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets.
正确选项解析[B] overvalued = exaggerate the real value，根正苗红的同义替
换。可以发现本题只需认识overvalue(高估)和e xaggerate（夸大），解题是非常
简单的。
干扰选项分析本题还有一种解法。39题 四个选项都是过去时。而本段原文
只有①是过去时。其余全是现在时，所以都不需要看。
第五部分：第40题
author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of __________.
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[A] satisfaction.
[B] skepticism.
[C] objectiveness
[D] sympathy
正确选项解析[D] 由本段③，再联系第二段的①②：“不幸的是，银行的
游说活动看来已显 成效。其中细节可能无法获知，但是标准制定者的独立性
——这资产市场正常运行十分重要——已经削弱 了。”以及第一段的①②。表明
作者对标准的制定者是赞同的。同时面对银行家的咄咄逼人的态势，以及 标准
的制定者所面临的压力，作者又对他们表示同情。所以无论是同情还是同意，
都可以选择[ D]
干扰选项分析[A] satisfaction 的英文解释：feeling of contentment felt when
one has or achieves what one needs or desires。原文并没有提到standard- setters
完成了作者所期待它们做的事情（achieves what one needs or desires），反而FASB
做出了妥协，修改了规定（第三段的①）所以谈不上satis faction。 [B]“怀疑”。
原文对standard- setters是积极态度，而不是消极态度，所以错。本选项只是利
用倒数第二段的④来捏造选项。 [C]“客观”。在考研中选择“客观”态度只有两种
情况。（一）全文既讲某物的好处又谈其坏处；（ 二）通篇未对某露出感情和态
度。在本文中第二段的①②明确透露出对standard- setter的同情，且后面没有
说起缺点，所以不能选本选项。

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