初九是什么日子虚拟语气的三种用法

2020年12月30日发(作者：谷佑箴)
虚拟语气的三种用法
摘要：虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客 观存在的
事实，它通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。本文分别介绍了虚拟语气在各种句式
中的用 法。
关键词：虚拟语气；用法；名词性从句；宾语从句
作者简介：吴娴，任教于江苏省扬州市育才高级中学。
一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句
虚拟语气运用于条件状语从句中，需要注意三点：
1.条件句中有were, had, should时，如省略if,则需把were, had, should放在主
语前，形成倒装结构。
Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.
2.在错综时间条件句中，即虚拟条件句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致，主
从句的谓语要根据各自所指 的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气。
If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.(现在→过去)
If they had left home in early morning, they would arrive in half an hour.(过去→将
来)
3.有时虚拟条件不用从句，而是通过上下文或 用介词短语等表示出来，这种
句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句。常用的词有 with, without, but for, otherwise, or等。
But for your help, we couldn’t have succeeded.
Without electricity life would be quite different today.
二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句
1.用于主语从句中
在主语从句中, 谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用“should+ 动词原形”的结构，表示惊
奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。
(1)It is necessary (important, natural, desirable, advisable, strange, etc.) that we
should clean the room every day.
(2)It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that you should be so careless.
(3)It will be desired (suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.) that
she should finish her homework this afternoon.
在上述三种主语从句中,should意为“应该”、“竟然 ”,可以省去,主句所用动词的
时态不限。注意:这种从句表示的是事实。如果说话人对这种事实表示惊 奇,就可
用虚拟语气。反之,如果不表示惊奇,that从句也可用陈述语气。
2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句
(1)“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望。表 示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓
语动词用过去式；表示将来不能实现的愿望,用“would(cou ld)+动词原形”；表示过
去不能实现的愿望，用“had+过去分词”。
I wish we could go to the seaside today.
I wish you told me earlier.
We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
(2)虚拟语气在表示要求、 命令、 建议、 意图、 决定、 推荐等动词，如：
advise, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest等
后面的宾语从句中,用“(should)+动词原形”。
I suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.
They demanded that the black people (should) be treated as well as white people.
注意：insist作“力言 ”、“强调”解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。只有当insist作
“坚持(应该)”解时,宾语从句才 用虚拟语气。
Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.
I insisted that you give me my money back.
当suggest作“暗示，表明 ”时，宾语从句要用陈述语气。只有当suggest作“建
议”时，宾语从句才用虚拟语气。
Jane’s pale face suggested that she was ill, and her parents suggested that she
(should) have a medical examination.
3.虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句，表示要求、 命令、 建议、 意图、
决定、 推荐等名词，如advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion,
request等的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动 词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)+
动词原形”。
We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.
My idea is that he (should) do exercises first.
三、虚拟语气用于其他情况
1.以as if(as though)引导的表语从句或状语从句
如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词 用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反,
谓语动用“had+过去分词”；表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词 用“would(might,
could )+动词原形”。
He looked at me as if I were mad.
He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.
It looks as if it might rain.
但as if(as though)后的从句也常用陈述 语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可
能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。
It looks as if our side is going to win.
2.在would rather之后的宾语从句中，其动词用虚拟语气，表示句子的主语
(某人)宁愿让另一人做某事。
用动词过去式表示现在或将来要做的事。用动词的过去完成式表示过去的动
作。
is (high) time， ［该(必须)做……］等词或短语后面的 从句中的谓语动词应
使用过去时表示虚拟语气。
It is high time that you went home.
only +句子(过去时过去完成时)“要是…就好了”
If only后面的句子如果是对现在或将来情况的虚拟，用过去时did ；如果是对
过去情况的虚拟，用过去完成时had done。
If only the alarm clock had rung. (对过去虚拟)
If only I were rich.(对现在虚拟)
5.以in case, lest, for fear that引起的状语从句，表示“以防，以免”，其形式为
should+动词原形。
He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.
虚拟语气这一语法现象在英语中用法及其广泛，变化虽多却不乏规律性， 系
统而清晰地掌握对解题和理解英语大有裨益。
参考文献：
[1]王曾选.中学英语教学法[M].开封：河南大学出版社，1987.
[2]教育部.英语课程标准[S].北京：北京师范大学出版社，2001.