500电影2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一真题+试题答案详解

2020年12月30日发(作者：郑效峰)
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题
Section I Use of English

Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank
and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding
1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a
3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even
help you 4 getting sick this winter.
In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon
University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the
receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being
7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with
a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32
percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater
social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .
protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's
usually 14 with stress,notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie.
Hugging
difficulty.
Some experts 17 the stress- reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the
release of oxytocin, often called bonding hormone18 it promotes attachment in
relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made
primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the
bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.
1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout
2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior
3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host
4．[A]recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep
5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting
6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on
7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted
8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out
9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined
10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained
11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus
12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors
13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased
14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared
15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record
16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of
17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return
18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until
19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases
20．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences

Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by
choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are
recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S.
airports with increasingly massive security lines.
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for
increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed
over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too
much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for
the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private
lives, not to mention infuriating.
Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check
that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real-past
airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then,
combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare
International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but
the lines are obvious.
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline
travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that
airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more
people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though
the airlines strongly dispute this.
There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or
rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be
a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are
eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million
people in PreCheck.
It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock.
Passengers must pay $$85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the
beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring
the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by
helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.
The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while
most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the
program work.
21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to
[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.
[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.
[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.
[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.
22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?
[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.
[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.
[C] An increase in the number of travelers.
[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.
word
[A] faster.
[B] quieter.
[C] wider.
[D] cheaper.
24. One problem with the PreCheck program is
[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale.
[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation.
[C] The government's reluctance to back it.
[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Less Screening for More Safety
[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution
[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines
[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes
Text 2

reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of
Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have
erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that
promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.
At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped
by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But
Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the
Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere,
where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.
Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of
Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred
land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.
Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness
to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the
world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or
its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a
living culture undergoing a renaissance today.
Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.
The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early
Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls
to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore
the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about
who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we
explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true
ancestral homes.
The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.
The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to
avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on
Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned
to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea
to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.
Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates
[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.
[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.
[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.
[D] her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time.
27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to
[A] its geographical features
[B] its protective surroundings.
[C] its religious implications.
[D] its existing infrastructure.
28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because
[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.
[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.
[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.
[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.
29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy
[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.
[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.
[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.
[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility.
30. The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of
[A] severe criticism.
[B] passive acceptance.
[C] slight hesitancy.
[D] full approval.
Text 3
Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures
which makes life worthwhile.
already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was
referring to.
The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a
century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and
misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the
Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was
going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings
about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?
A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being
sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of
the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful
improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of
criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a
more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.
While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of
consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008
global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major
economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn't the case with all countries . Some
relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures
including civil society , income equality and the environment.
This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as
the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different .
So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common
method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer
enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education
outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.
The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a
decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well- being and for growth . But
policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying
about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .
F. Kennedy is cited because he
[A]praised the UK for its GDP.
[B]identified GDP with happiness .
[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .
[D]had a low opinion of GDP .
can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that
[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .
[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .
[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .
[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .
of the following is true about the recent annual study ?
[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .
[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.
[C]Its criteria are questionable .
[D]Its results are enlightening .
the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that
[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .
[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .
[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .
[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .
of the following is the best title for the text ?
[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson
[B]GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health
[C]Rebort y, a Terminator of GDP
[D]Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-being

Text 4
In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption
conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its
nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch
and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.
The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that
it must look only at his

Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent
to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.
The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is
and
as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call,
or hosting an event is not an
The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal.
Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems
without fear of prosecution for basic compact underlying representative
government,
will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.
But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not
the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to
play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an
individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity
requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official
meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader's source of
wealth.
Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not
always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of
access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise
of democratic society-that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined. Good
governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.
The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official
favoritism.
36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court
[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties.
[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.
[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.
[D] refused to comment on McDonnell's ethics.
37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves
[A] leaking secrets intentionally.
[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.
[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.
[D] breaking contracts officially.
38. The court's ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are
[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.
[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.
[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.
[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.
39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to
[A] awaken the conscience of officials.
[B] guarantee fair play in official access.
[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.
[D] inspire hopes in average people.
40. The author's attitude toward the court's ruling is
[A] sarcastic.
[B] tolerant.
[C] skeptical.
[D] supportive
Part B
Directions:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions
41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by
choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have
been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
[A]The first published sketch,
eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his
sketches ,which appeared under the pen name
him a modest reputation.
[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today,
secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump,
spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.
[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to
write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the
ten- famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With
characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate
his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him
to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the