9223初中英语教案学案山西省中考英语宾语从句语法讲解初中英语

2021年1月6日发(作者：靳自重)
初中英语教案学案山西省中考英语宾语从句语法
讲解初中英语

[宾语从句歌诀]
宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。
展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。
主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。
陈述请你选that，疑咨询需用if/whether连。
专门咨询句作宾从，原先咨询词不用换。
三关过后莫中意，人称、标点需注意。
留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。
[歌诀解码]
一、三姊妹
宾语从句依照引导词的不同可分为三种类型：
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如：
We knew 〔that〕we should learn from each other.
2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如：
Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.
3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？
二、三关
1. 引导词关
假如从句是陈述句，引导词用that〔t hat在口语或非正式文体中常省略〕；
假如从句是一样疑咨询句，引导词用if/whether；假 如从句是专门疑咨询句，
引导词用由疑咨询词转换而来的疑咨询代词/副词。
2. 语序关
①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：
He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said〔that〕he was an
honest boy.
②一样疑咨询句和专门疑咨询句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：
Does he work hard？I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.
When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.
3. 时态关
①假如主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可依照实际情形而定。如：
I have heard〔that〕he will come back next week.
②假如主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时
态。如：
He said〔that〕there were no classes yesterday.
注 意：假如宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什
么时态，从句都要用一样现在时。如 ：
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
三、人称的变化和标点的使用
1. 从句的主语假如是第 一人称，变为宾语从句那么与主句的主语一致；
假如是第二人称，那么与主句的宾语一致；假如是第三人 称，不用变化。如：
〝May I use your knife？〞He asked me. →He asked me if he might use
my knife.
〝Do you know her telephone number？〞He asked me. →He asked me if
I know her telephone number.
2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑
咨询句，用咨询号。如：
Who will give us a talk？I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a
talk.
Do you know？Where does he live？→Do you know where he lives？
四、两副面孔
if和when既能引导时刻状语从句，又能引导宾语 从句。因此，遇到它
们就要认真分析一下，它们怎么讲属于〝两副面孔〞的哪一副。如：
If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.〔时刻状语从句〕
I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. 〔宾语从句〕
五、从句的简化
1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时 ，从句常简
化为〝宾语＋宾补〞结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：
She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the
wallet lie/lying on the ground.
2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，p lan，agree等，且
主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：
She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me
with my maths.
3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接
宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为〝连 接代词/副词＋不定式〞结构。如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the station？→Can you tell me how to get
to the station？
宾语从句专项练习
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.
2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.
3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.
4．Can they speak French? I want to know.
I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.
5．Are the children playing games? Tell me.
Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.
6．Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet.
7．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?
Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?
8．Where did she park her car? Do you know?
Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?
9．What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.
The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.
10．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.
I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.
11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.
I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.
12. What's his name? I asked him.
I asked him what _____ _____ _____.
13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.
Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.
14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.
He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.
15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.
I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.
二、选择填空。
( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________.
A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it
C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring
( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.
A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon
C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry