amusements定语从句和状语从句 解析和练习

2021年1月6日发(作者：吴怀)
定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或 代词叫先行词，
定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who
（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关
系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非 限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语 从句
主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法

1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，
作宾语可省略。例如：
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）
The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）

用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大
楼是一家超市。（作主语）
The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
（作宾语）

， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who
代替whom，也可省略。例如：
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那
个女孩是英国人。（作主语）
Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）
注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但
介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文
小说。
（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：
This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
（4）关系词只能用that的情况：
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数 词、基数词、形容词最高级时，
只能用that，而不用which.例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one
等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？
c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用
that，而不用 which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在
那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that
is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：
a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：
What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：
Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到

关系代词和关系副词的作用：
先行词指物时， 关系代词用that 或which（在句中作主语或宾语）。
如：China is a country which / that has a large population.
The computer game which/ that he is playing is his favorite.
先行词指人时， 关系代词用（who）作主语或宾语，whom (作宾语)，whose (作定语)，
that (作主语或宾语)。 如：
The man who is mending the machine has been retired.
This is the policeman who/ whom they were talking about yesterday.
I like the girl whose mother is an actor.
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

He is a friend ______ can help you in time of need.
A. who he B. whose C. / D. who
解析：引导词在定语从句中做主语，指人。 应选D 。
The most important thing ______ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said.
A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, that
解析：先行词前有序数词， 最高级时，引导次只能用 that. 应选D.
This is the only one of these books that ______worth reading.
A．has B. have C. is D. are
解析：引导词that在句中作主语，代指one ，应选C。
The man ______ talked to you just now is my father.
A. who B. he C. which D. whose
解析：引导词在句中作主语指人，应选A.
They thought too much about ______.
A. which I had said B. what I had said
C. that I had said D. I had said
解析：此题引导词作在从句中作宾语，表示说话的内容，应 选B。

练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
一、选择最佳答案填空：
1． Did you find the notebook ______ Jim had given me for my birthday?
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
2. That’s all ______ I have seen and heard.
A. which B. that C. where D. what
3. Have you seen the man ______ plan we were talking about ______ yesterday ?
A. who, them B. its, them C. whose,/ D. whose, them
Oscar is one of the film prizes ______ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.
A. which are not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been
5. He never reads anything ______ is not worth reading.
A. that B. as C. who D. which
6. The man ________ coat is black is waiting at the gate.
A. who's B. whose C. that D. of which
7. _________ cleans the classroom can go home first.
A. Anyone B. those whoo C. However D. The one who
8. The police caught the man _______ stole my handbag.
A. he B. that C. whom D. which
9. The girl ________ is reading under the tree ________ my sister.
A. which, is B. whom, was C. who , is D. who, was
10. George Mallory was an English teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he D. which
1-5 CDCBA 6-10 BDBCA

单项填空。
1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？
-Yes， he’s our headmaster.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
2. Is this the river _____I can swim？
A. which B. in which C. that D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
A. where B. which C. that D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？
A. that you bought B. you bought it
C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees B. who agree
C. who agrees D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that B. it C. which who
7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s B whose C. that of which.
8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was
9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
10. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live
C. where we live in D. we live in
Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom填空。
1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.








3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. The house _____we live in is very old.
5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now？
参考答案：
I. 1-5BBCAC 6-10 ABCCD
Ⅱ. 1. that 2. which / that 3. who / that 4. that / which 5. who/ whom/ that



知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
1．在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可 作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。
eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)
He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)
Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)
2． 宾语从句的引导词有三类：
(1) 以that 引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句， that可以省略。eg, The
radio says (that) the clouds will lift later on.
She told me (that) she would like to go with us.
(2) 以连接代词which, what, who等或连接副词how, where, why 等引导的宾语从句，
从句是陈述语序
eg, Could you tell me what’s the matter with u?
I want to know how soon it will begin.
(3) 以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句
意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序
eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .
3．宾语从句的时态
(1) 当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时，从句可用所需要的任
何时态。 eg, I want to know what time he got up this morning.
You are telling me that you won’t stop until tomorrow?
(2) 当主句为一般过去时态时， 从句要用于过去有关的时态。
eg,They asked what Jean was doing now .
Linda said that the train had left.
(3) 当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。
eg, Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound.
Polly said no news is a good news
注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。
1. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if
eg, We are talking about whether we’ll go on the pinic.
2. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether.
eg, Please let me know what to do next.
Could you tell me whether u go or not?
3. if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.
eg, You can’t work the plan out if you don’t have the meeting .
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！