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maybe是什么意思初中英语虚拟语气讲练(附答案)

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2021-01-06 10:41
tags:答案, 英语, 初中教育

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2021年1月6日发(作者:郎子云)

初中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假 想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事
实,或与事实相反。条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为 非真实条
件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语
气。
如果假设的情况可能发生,是真实条件句,这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。
如:Iftime permits, we“ll go fishing together.如果时间允许,我们就一起去钓鱼。
如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如:If
youhad come yesterday, you would have met that famous pro fessor.如果你昨天
来,你就会见到那位出名的教授了。(隐含的事实是:你昨天没来,也没见到
那位出名教授)。
虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主从句的谓语
都要用虚拟语气。
1.含有条件状语从句的复合句
wish(would rather)+宾语从句
suggest(…)+宾语从句
2.主语从句It is + adj./p.p/n.+ that+ S+ (should) +do
表语从句S+is that +s + (should) +do
同位语从句S+that +s +(should) +do
3.定语从句It is (high) time that + S + did
用过去式表现在情况
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1.时态后退型用过去完成式表过去
两种形式用过去将来表将来
2. should+动词原形型
内容详述
I.含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语)
时间条件状语从句主句
与现在事实相反的假设If+S+did…S+would/should/could/might+do…与 过去事
实相反的假
设If +S+haddone…S+would/should/could/might+havedone…
与将来事实相反的假设did…
If+S should do
were to do
S+would/should/could/might+do…
注意事项:
1.倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had,should,were时,可以省去
If,把 功能词提前,构成倒装句。
2.错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间,则谓语形式应根
据具体情况而定。
3.If there weren“t/had not been+…=without…
4.If it were notfor…/If it hadn“t beenfor…=butfor…
5.otherwise+虚拟语气的句子
6.虚拟语气的句子,but+陈述事实的句子
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II.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中
sb. did…(希望现在用过去式)
1. wish+that sb. haddone…(希望过去用过去完成式)
sb. would/should do(希望将来用过去将来)
2. would rather后的从句要用虚拟语气。
时间从句
虚拟现在were, did (动词大凡过去式)
虚拟过去had done
虚拟将来did (动词大凡过去式)
例:I would rather Ihadn’tsaid such unkind things to you.(虚拟过去)
I“d rather you came here for the answer tomorrow morning.(虚拟将来)
I’drather you posted the letter right away. (虚拟现在)
3. suggest+(that)S+should+do…
表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词之 后的宾语从句,谓语用should
+动词原形,should常常省略。
这类词有:dec ide,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,suggest,
recommend,requested,require等。
注意:
1. suggest当“建议”讲时,其宾语从句用虚拟语气;当“暗示、表明”时,用
陈述语气
2. insist当坚持“看法或建议”时,宾语从句用虚拟语气;当坚持“某个事实”
时,用陈述语气。
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判断改错:(错)Your pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.
(对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(错)I insisted that you(should)be wrong.
(对)I insisted that you were wrong.
III.虚拟语气用在主语从It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主
语从句,谓语动词用should加动词原形,should可省略。
It is可用的词有三类that(should)do
suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等
important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等
a pity, a shame, no wonder等
IV.虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。
某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向 的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语
气,其表达形式为(should)+动词原形。这类名词多见的有:a dvice,
suggestion,proposal(提议),order,demand,des ire,request,
requirement,recommendation(推荐),pla n,resolution(决议),idea等。
eg. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( should )be put off.
V.虚拟语气用在表语从句中。
某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主 语时,表语从句需用虚
拟语气,其表达形式为(should)+动词原形。
这类名词多见的 有:advice,suggestion,proposal,order,demand,
desi re,request,requirement,recommendation以及plan,idea,r esolution
等。
eg. My suggestion is that the mayor (should)present the prizes.
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VI.虚拟语气用在定语从句中
It is(about/high)time+that sth/should do sth..
eg. Don“t you think it“s about time we went home?
注:在this is the first time/second time that...句型中,从句中谓语动
词用陈述语气完成时态。
this the first time that you have visited Hongkong?
VII.虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的状语从句中
1.在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中,主句
和从句都用虚拟语气,动词形式与含有非真实条 件句的虚拟语气相同。
如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office.即使生了病,他俩
去办公室。
2.由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式
为动 词的过去式(be用were)或“had十过去分词”。
如: He treated me as if I were a stranger.他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似
的。
She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.她谈论那部影片,就好像
她确实看过一样。
3.虚拟语气用在lest(唯恐、免得),for fear that及in case引导的目的 状
语从句中。在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“以防,以免”
等意思 ,其谓语动词多由should+动词原形构成,should也可省略。
eg. He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again.
VIII.虚拟语气用情感语言中
1.虚拟语气在表示客气、遗恨以及祝愿等场合中,使用虚拟语气。
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shouldn“t have been following him so closely;
you should have kept your distance.
2.If only sb./sth. +时态后退型的谓语
eg. If only I had known the result of the examination.
IX.虚拟语气的分外用法:
1.省掉if的条件从句结构:
Had you asked me, I would have told you.
(=If you had asked me,…)
2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定
语从句来表示,如:
A true friend would not do such a thing.
(=If he were a true friend, he would...)
3.有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致,如:
If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all rightnow.
If I were you, I would have gone home.
虚拟语气练习题:
1. If you were old enough, I ________ you to go there yesterday.
A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had
allowed
2. The secretary suggested that they ________ the men in at once.
A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought
D. bring
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